The EEZ and the progress of fisheries negotiations January to May 1977

This paper discusses negotiations, relative to sea fisheries, in terms of international arrangements—arrangements between the European Economic Community (EEC) and Third Countries; and those between member states of the EEC.     

Conference-shipper loyalty contacts: Time for a re-think?

This paper examines the purposal by the British Shipper's Council (BSC) and the UK government to place a statutory limit, by means of a regulations implementing the EEC rules for competition, upon the proportion of a shipper's cudstom that may be demanded in a loyalty agreement with a liner conference.

The development of 70% loyalty is traced through the following the various drafts of the EEC competition rules for sea transport; the department of trade investigation which found freight rate disparities that were caused partially by the less competitive environment in the UK than on the Continent; and evidence given on 70% loyalty beforew the house of Lords Select Commitee on the European Communities.

By considering the precise proposals, as suggested by the BSC, and means of enforcing them, 70% loyalty is found to be eminently practicable. the short-term consequences of its introduction are unlikely to be great, considering the shippers' needs for a good quality service; but in time the additional competition fostered by a less-than-100% tie would cause radical changes; conferences would have to aopt limit-pricing and respond to competition loyalty ties might be restricted to service contracts with large shippers. These effects would be felt far more in the UK since the continental environment is in any case more competitive.

It is concluded that 70% loyalty should be imposed upon conferences by means of the EEC Regulations in order to enhance the competitive environment of linear shipping.     

The problems of hydrocarbon extraction

The problems associated with hydrocarbon extraction in the EEZ are discussed under the headings of resources and environment, technology and the industrial structure, government management, decision-making, and policy formulation. Policy areas identified include boundary delimitation relative to resources, environment and technology, co-ordination and decision-making machinery, relationships with UK and EEC energy policies, and regional planning of the sea and coastal areas used by the off-shore industry.     

The problems of hydrocarbon extraction

The problems associated with hydrocarbon extraction in the EEZ are discussed under the headings of resources and environment, technology and the industrial structure, government management, decision-making, and policy formulation. Policy areas identified include boundary delimitation relative to resources, environment and technology, co-ordination and decision-making machinery, relationships with UK and EEC energy policies, and regional planning of the sea and coastal areas used by the off-shore industry.     

Transport decision-marks speak: the Seaport Development in the Europena communities Reasearch Project —Part I

This paper, in two parts, reports on the Seaport Development in the European Communities Research Project wherein forty interviews with decision-makers were help in European seaports, and another forty were held with shipowning organization. Respondents were also asked to fill in a questionnaire, and it is these questionnaire, and it is these questionnaire findings that are reported in this the first part of the paper. Expected contrasts between planning philosophies in Britain, Ireland, and Denmark on the one hand and the rest of the EEC on the other were confirmed, and regularity of cargo on offer appears generally belived as the most important factor in route planning of ships. Among other major conclusions (see table 5) are the view that ship congestion at ports is a more scute problem than the over-provision of berths and that short-term low operating costs are considered more important than the security offered by mediumterm plans.     

Management Cybernetics: A New Institutional Framework for Coastal Management

This article analyzes institutional arrangements for the delivery of coastal programs through a new way of thinking about their evolution and structure. The notion of three distinct "dimensions" describing the phases in the evolution of institutional arrangements is introduced. The notion of dimensions is developed from conceptualizing about how institutional arrangements are diagrammed. This allows the visualization of how individual institutions and key stakeholders relate to each other in the delivery of coastal programs, how effective these relationships are, and how their relationships could be redesigned. "Dimensional thinking" enables the re-examination of existing institutional design of coastal programs and how these can evolve to meet the challenges of the new millennium. It is concluded that institutional arrangements have grown from a single dimensional view, where institutions (mainly governmental) delivered programs in isolation, through to the present second dimension where agency programs are managed through coordinating bodies and through coastal management plans. It is argued that a third dimension of institutional arrangements, one that recognizes and embraces the rapid pace of change in this century, will be needed that is aligned by themes rather than by organizational structure. To illustrate a third dimension a visualization tool is developed drawing from management cybernetics. It recognizes the increasing importance of formal and informal networks in relation to traditional modernist hierarchical management by recognizing multiple stakeholders (government at all levels, industry, advocacy groups, conservation interests, and the broader community) and their degree of mutual dependence. Dimensional thinking has the potential to institutionalize the interaction between these multiple stakeholders to ensure the effective delivery of coastal programs in the new millennium. A single answer to what the third dimension of coastal management program evolution should include is not presented. Rather, an approach is presented that allows coastal managers to move forward in the debate on redesigning coastal programs to meet today's complex suite of issues, values, and interests. An experimental case study from Western Australia is used to illustrate the potential application of the dimensional thinking to coastal management institutional design in that State's coastal program.     

株洲二线船闸轴线布置方案

以株洲二线船闸轴线布置方案研究为例,分析二线船闸工程建设目标、选址及布置方案,论述二线船闸建设时轴线布置的思路及方法,重点分析轴线间距对一线船闸结构物安全性的影响及其与桥梁建设方案的关系,并对不同轴线布置方案进行技术经济方案比选,对增建二线船闸工程的项目具有借鉴意义。     

不同系缆方式下的系泊条件分析

基于25万吨级矿石码头船舶系泊条件物理模型试验成果,分析了波、流共同作用下设计船型在不同系缆方式下,包括3种缆绳数量、2种系缆点布置时的船舶运动量、系缆力和撞击力的船舶系泊条件,比较各系缆方式的优劣,对设计方案的系缆方式提出了建议。     

船闸人字门背拉杆预应力调试工艺研究

讨论了人字闸门的工作特点,及不同背拉杆布置形式的预应力加力方法,并分析当船闸个体尺寸、结构形式不同时,随着背拉杆预应力分配关系以及预应力对闸门门形改变的数理关系不同时,背拉杆预应力调试方法。新方法的技术经济效益显著。     

纵向斜船台滑道并列造船止滑器布置研究

为避免止滑器与滑板卡扣碰撞,纵向油脂滑道的止滑器要求安装在滑道的外侧,以避开滑道内侧的滑板卡扣.并列造船的船台,为满足不同船型的下水要求,主滑道两侧均需安装止滑器,由此带来了止滑器与卡扣干扰的问题.本文结合工程实际,对止滑器布置进行研究分析,根据实际需求采用不同的布置方式,解决止滑器与滑板卡扣干扰碰撞问题,保证了滑道下水安全.     

5900DWT沥青船开发和设计

5900DWT沥青船是一种全新的船型,设计过程中需要考虑高温、热传导损失、弹性联接等高温船的特点。该船型采用独立液货舱的特殊结构形式,并进行了有限元非线性校核,满足大部分油船的布置,其中管系布置较常规船型更为复杂。     

Evaluation of expected maximum values of forces acting on containers and lashing rods on a container ship

The appearance of a number of large container ships in the 8000 TEU range raises the importance of a plan for container lashing arrangements on deck in relation to the design of the ship. Therefore, it is expected that a new method for evaluating the lashing arrangements on deck will be introduced which is applicable regardless of the ship's size and the lashing pattern, instead of using the standards of several different societies, as happens at present. To evaluate the lashing arrangements on deck, the expected maximum values of the forces acting on the containers and lashing rods should be evaluated. This paper presents a new method of evaluating the container lashing arrangements on a container ship using an "acceleration ellipsoid." The applicability of the acceleration ellipsoid to an evaluation of the expected maximum values of the forces was examined by comparing the expected maximum values of the forces calculated by the long-term distribution calculation known as the "Fukuda method," to those calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid. By comparing these results, it was confirmed that the expected maximum values of the forces calculated using the acceleration ellipsoid were not less than those calculated through by the long-term distribution calculation. It is concluded that the acceleration ellipsoid can be used to evaluate the expected maximum values of the forces acting on containers and lashing rods. Received: December 14, 2000 / Accepted: March 22, 2001     

Coordination mechanisms in improving hinterland accessibility: empirical analysis in the port of Rotterdam

Hinterland accessibility is one of the main determinants in port competition. Improving hinterland accessibility is a complex process in which many actors are involved and many factors play a role. It requires coordination mechanisms beyond the price mechanism; conditions of complexity can become such that assistance is needed from other coordination mechanisms, such as introduction of incentives, creation of an interfirm alliance, changing scope, and creating collective action. The goal of this paper is to gain a better understanding on coordination in hinterland chains. Based on the insights of Transaction Cost Economics, a set of variables is explicated in order to understand when, by whom, and under which conditions and situations coordination arrangements are chosen. The variables can be divided into variables related to the complexity of the coordination problem and variables related to the coordination arrangement. The variables are used in an empirical analysis of coordination arrangements in hinterland transport from and to the port of Rotterdam. This analysis provides insight into the patterns and conditions of the emergence of different coordination arrangements that improve hinterland accessibility.     

九十米水深储油自升式平台的沉垫设计

我国海洋石油开发中广泛应用自升式平台,将自升式平台的沉垫设计为储油舱,使其具有水下储油功能.对储油自升式平台的沉垫进行结构设计,在舱室布置中提出两种模式.根据环境载荷,应用ANSYS软件对结构进行强度校核.结果表明:结构各部分均满足规范关于强度的要求.同时经对比优选,两种舱室布置模式均可行,且不设浮力舱更合理.     

Shipping and investment incentives: a trilogy Part 2. Investment incentives for shipping

This paper concentrates on the shipping industry and considers the forms of fiscal and financial incentives which are used by different governments to promote or encourage investment in their shipping industry. The analysis reduces the various packages of investment incentives and loan arrangements to a common measurement—the net present value of the package—and uses this to draw international comparisons and rankings. The results are based on different values of rates of return in the shipping industry and under certain assumptions concerning the rate of inflation and the rate of discount. Differences in loan arrangements have also been incorporated. The particular results are valid only for the specified circumstances but the methodology is generally applicable.     

满足安全返港要求的船舶管系设计研究

客船的安全返港要求对与船舶安全有关的舱底、压载、消防等系统,以及对服务于安全区的饮水、卫生水、空调和通风等系统有严格要求。详细解析安全返港和有序撤离的基本概念。通过分析案例,阐述对船舶管系设计的影响并提出解决方案;对舱底系统、压载系统的管路布置、隔离保护措施等作了具体介绍。最后对居住区域有关的其他系统,包括水消防系统、舱室水喷淋系统、服务于安全区域各系统的布置等也作了典型布置和评估。     

防波堤土工织物加筋垫层现场应力测试与分析

介绍了黄骅港防波堤土工织物加筋垫层现场应力测试中的仪器布置、埋设方法和测试结果。分析防波堤堤基土工织物拉应力分布大小、特点以及与堤底地基的沉降关系。实测结果表明：拉应力发挥水平远低于设计拉力值。这对土工织物加筋垫层稳定分析中如何考虑拉应力大小提出了新的问题。     

Is the bus transport contracting system in South Africa leading to trusting relationships between contracted parties? An analysis of funding issues and the impact on relations between government and operators

The 1996 South African White Paper on National Transport policy provided the guidelines for the restructuring of the commuter bus industry. The restructuring objectives were based on improving the competitiveness of and service levels within the industry through a competitive tendering regime, the selective implementation of negotiated contracts and the general transformation of the industry to also include improved transparency in the funding arrangements between government and operators.In order to set the context of the paper, a brief overview is provided of the progress made with policy implementation and the background to funding issues that are experienced in the bus transport sector. To gauge the impact of the funding issues on the relationship between government and operators, a survey of the largest contracted operators was undertaken to determine, amongst other, how these funding issues have potentially impacted on trusting relationships between contracted parties.     

驳船的影响概率破舱稳性单因素研究

概率破舱稳性是干货船破舱稳性计算与校核的一项强制性要求,它不同于传统的破舱稳性计算,计算中涉及到大量的破损舱室的组合,目前仍然是在分舱之后才能进行分析计算,若不满足则需要返回重新分舱。在初步设计阶段,如何有效分舱以使船舶分舱设计能满足概率破舱稳性,以减少分舱的盲目性与重复性,从而找到基于概率破舱稳性的分舱指导原则,这将具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。以某实际工程驳船为研究对象,设计了大量的分舱方案,并分别对其进行概率破舱稳性计算。根据计算结果对影响分舱指数A的因素进行了定性分析,提出了改进分舱指数A的设计准则。