Methodology for ro-ro ship and fleet sizing with application to short sea shipping

A novel methodology is developed for determining the characteristics of a cargo roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship and the fleet size required for a given short sea shipping route. The ship and required fleet size to satisfy the transportation demand (for each pair of speed and freight rate) are determined using a database of existing cargo ro-ro ships to obtain the main technical characteristics of the most suitable ship. The time charter, voyage costs and revenue are then calculated considering the technical characteristics of each ship. Fuel costs are corrected for the actual ship speed and loading condition. A number of restrictions in the transportation problem are considered leading to the exclusion of unfeasible solutions. The maximum profit over the period of a year is identified among the feasible pairs of speed and freight rate. This general methodology is applied in a case study that considers the route between Leixões (Portugal) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). The study allows the identification of the most suitable ship and fleet sizes for different market penetration levels and quantifies the impact on shipping company profit of changes in parameters such as fuel costs, time charter costs, emission control area, installed propulsion power and stacking factor.     

现代航运业发展与船舶配员减少引起的安全问题分析

由于现代航运业的发展与船舶配员减少等原因,海上船舶安全出现了新的问题。文中从船员疲劳、ISM规则实施以及公司追求利益等方面进行分析,提出了相应解决上述问题的意见和建议。     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.     

完善行政复议举证责任分配制度的法律思考

文中借鉴诉讼举证责任的分配原理,结合行政复议实践,从法理基础、关联因素、制度选择等方面对行政复议举证责任分配制度的建立进行了深入分析并提出了一些建议,可供立法部门建立和完善行政复议举证责任分配制度时参考。     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

2001年世界干散货市场展望

2000年世界工业生产形势较好,加上1998年亚洲金融危机后缓建项目的重新启动,使得干散货海运得到一定程度的发展,运费用也大大提高。基于此,对去年的干散货海运市场进行了回顾,对2001年的干散货海运市场进行了分析。     

外资进入中国航运市场现状分析及应对策略

随着中国加入WTO,市场的不断开放,外资航运巨头加速了在中国的扩张,这给中国的航运企业很大压力和挑战,本文剖析了外资航运巨头进入中国航运市场的现状,从而提出我国航运企业的应对之策。     

加入WTO对我国海运服务贸易的影响

我国加入WTO不仅给我们带来了严峻的挑战,也为我们提供了新的发展机遇。我国在进一步开放海运服务贸易市场的同时,必须采取适当的措施保护我国航运企业免遭毁灭性打击,促进我国海运服务贸易业的繁荣与发展。     

我国国际河流水运通道建设现状和发展探讨

文章全面介绍了我国国际河流航运合作和水运通道建设现状,结合发达国家的成功实践和我国近期相关研究成果,探讨了我国国际河流的资源开发、航运合作与水运通道的建设发展,并提出了相关建议。     

Key criteria influencing the choice of Arctic shipping: a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model

As Arctic sea ice shrinks due to global warming, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP) offer a substantial reduction in shipping distance between Asia and the European and North American continents, respectively, when compared to conventional routes through the Suez and Panama Canals. However, Arctic shipping routes have many problems associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to identify the key criteria that influence the decisions of shipping operators with respect to using Arctic shipping routes. A multi-criteria decision-making methodology, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, is applied to rank four potential categories of criteria (‘economic’, ‘technical’, ‘political’ and ‘safety’ factors) and their sub-criteria.

The results of the analysis suggest that, on aggregate, ‘economic’ is the most important category of influential factors, followed by ‘safety’, ‘technical’ and ‘political’ factors. The paper concludes, however, that the most influential specific sub-criteria relate to risks that lie mainly within the ‘safety’ and ‘political’ domains and that, especially in combination, these overwhelm the importance which is attached to ‘economic’ factors such as reduced fuel use. Finally, the implications of these findings for the future development of Arctic shipping are addressed at a strategic level.     

国际集装箱运输市场回顾与展望

就2003年国际集装箱运输市场发展特点进行了回顾、总结,并结合世界政治、经济发展环境,对2004年国际集装箱运输市场的总体发展趋势进行了分析和预测。     

基于裂纹扩展的海洋平台疲劳可靠性分析

文章基于裂纹疲劳基本理论,针对在役导管架平台出现初始裂纹状态下结构承载力进行分析,考虑结构损伤与腐蚀等因素,建立了典型导管架平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了在该工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,并确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力,基于疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了疲劳关键节点的疲劳寿命与疲劳可靠度。该方法能够为海洋平台结构的维护和保养提供一定参考。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.     

论航运企业的竞争策略

阐述了21世纪的航运市场出现的竞争形势,科技与人才、知识与信息、服务与质量的竞争已成为当今市场竞争的核心。我国航运企业应及时认清新的竞争形势,根据自己的实际情况,及时制定出新的竞争策略,提高市场竞争力。