Who is safe and who is at risk: a study of 20-year-record on accident total loss in different flags

The study examines 20-years of data on 36 world principal fleets and on worldfleets in general, analyses their developments, and particularly their safety records in terms of accidental total loss rates. This study confirms that the open-registry ships tend toward substandard ships. However, some open-registry countries' safety records are quite acceptable. It finds that the safety record of developing maritime countries as a group is better than that of developed maritime countries, of which some are worse than the world average.     

谈对欧美PSC检查先进经验的借鉴

大量国外老旧、低标准船船涌入我国沿海和内河港口，给我国水域安全和环境带来严重威胁。为了从根苓上杜绝低标准船舶的危害，保证海上安全，保护海洋环境，使我国走向海事强国，我们有必要认真地研究和借鉴发达国家的经验，彻底将外籍低标准船舶拒于国门之外。     

Enforcement of law by the Port State Control (PSC)

Since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the Port State Control (PSC) programme in 1982, it has been playing a vital role in the enforcement of safety law at sea worldwide. This paper addresses the effectiveness of PSC and the effectiveness of the methods for selecting ships to be inspected adopted by regional PSC. Data on ship total loss (from 1973-2003) and on the PSC records (from 1994-2005) have been collected. The study reveals that the enforcement of PSC is effective in improving the safety level of maritime transport. The methods adopted by regional PSC are compared on their effectiveness, efficiency and stability in identifying substandard ships. Suggestions are made on the improvement of the enforcement of PSC.     

船舶违章行为与水上交通事故关系的研究

船舶违法违章行为导致的水上交通事故时有发生,成为水上交通的安全隐患。文中从水上交通事故处理实践出发,对船舶违章行为与水上交通事故的关系以及相互之间责任的认定进行论述,并提出相应的解决方法和途径。     

关于方便旗船舶安全监管的思考

文中对方便旗船舶安全监管中存在的主要问题及原因进行了分析，并结合海事监管的实际提出了进一步规范管理的建议。     

海事履约新挑战：新型船舶涂装技术

文中主要介绍了PSPC的概念、现状和主要内容,详细介绍了各国为应对新规采取的多种措施,并为海事部门的监管提出参考意见。最后提出了我国应积极应对挑战,做好PSPC的履约工作,在确保船舶安全的前提下,保障本国船舶业的利益。     

Hazardous material incidents: Some key results of a risk analysis

Human safety and health, environmental and property protection and security concerning hazardous materials supply chain are important issues for many countries, industries and organisations around the world. This paper presents some key results of a comprehensive risk study on hazardous materials supply chain incidents. Based on a risk analysis framework adapted for maritime transport of packaged dangerous goods, this study combines qualitative and quantitative analysis of large and diverse datasets collected from some of the U.S.’s best and largest data sources. The study may be one of the largest of its kind, and some of the results might not be found elsewhere. Incidents have occurred in every system of the hazardous materials supply chain, including platforms, all modes of transport, chemical plants, terminals and storages. The results show that more than half (52.1 %) of incidents are attributed to the transport system. The study largely considers incidents happening during maritime transport, which account for 18% of transport incidents. In absolute terms, the FN curves of maritime transport human risks are generally found to be well below the corresponding FN curves of aggregated supply chain human risks.     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

海船无公害防污技术的探讨

探讨如何防止海船船体水下部分受海水腐蚀和海洋生物的附着。着先介绍３种传统的防污涂料，分析它们的优缺点，然后列述各国研究开发的低毒或无毒的防污涂料新品种以及新型无公害防污技术－利用导电涂层防止海洋生物附着的技术。最后就我国海船无公害防污技术的应用和发展发表一些见解。     

An analysis and comparison of multinational officers of the watch in the global maritime labor market

ABSTRACT

Officer of the watch (OOW) is an important part of the maritime labor market. For many years, countries have been improving their development of OOWs for the maritime market, in terms of both quantity and quality. As the supply of qualified OOWs for maritime transportation is such an important issue, shipping companies recruit multinational OOWs for both economic and socio-cultural reasons. This study aims to identify the qualifications of an ideal officer that holds office on commercial ships, and to make a comparison among Filipino, Chinese, Indian, Eastern European and Turkish OOWs. The research takes into account expert opinions of a number of shipping companies that employ multinational seafarers. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique is applied in this study to assist in the comparison of officers. A number of main and sub-criteria are outlined to determine both positive and negative aspects of OOWs from the selected countries for decision making purposes. This study allows maritime countries to evaluate their maritime education and training policies for selection and assessment of OOWs.     

桥梁主通航孔施工期通航方案及保障措施

我国内河水域新建桥梁在对主墩进行施工过程中,为了确保船舶正常通航,海事部门要求实行单向通航。因此,主墩施工期间桥区水域可能出现船舶排队等候过桥的现象,船舶等候过桥势必增加桥区水域复杂的通航环境,目前海事部门规定桥区水域(单向通航)航行的船舶之间应保持足够的安全距离。通过建立数学计算模型对桥区水域(单向通航)通航船舶之间安全距离进行量化研究,探讨出桥区水域船舶之间安全距离计算方法。为海事部门制定桥区水域通航安全管理规定、维护桥区水域良好的通航秩序和船舶过桥安全提供科学的理论依据。     

“大船小证”成因及治理对策

随着我国水运市场快速发展,＂大船小证＂问题逐渐增多,给水上交通安全环境带来重大隐患,严重干扰了航运业、造船业的发展秩序。文中就＂大船小证＂产生的原因,危害,整治的难点以及对策措施进行探讨,望能更好地规范船舶检验,确保航运安全。     

从新《海上交通安全法》谈我国海洋安全权益维护

近年来,我国采取分散立法的方式制定了一些涉及海洋安全权益的法律条文,但仅仅停留在对海洋主权的宣示上,没有针对海上安全权益维护规定具体的措施与执行办法,新修订的《海上交通安全法》在某些程度上弥补了我国针对海洋安全权益维护相关法律条款的不足,顺应了国家海洋强国战略的整体要求.从新《海上交通安全法》的内容出发,通过对涉及海上...     

安全返港要求下的客船电气设计

客船安全性长期以来备受国际海事组织关注,海安会MSC216(82)决议中也修正了SOLAS对于2010年7月1日起建造客船的相关要求。文中介绍了对应该决议要求的设计步骤及方法,对于规范的正确解读以及相应的设计方法总结给同类型船的设计者提供参考。     

Tonnage tax: is it working?

The introduction of the tonnage tax for shipping companies has been a response to the declining fleets in many European countries. There are strategic and commercial reasons why a maritime presence is desirable, not least of which is to maintain an important skill base. Although regimes have differed they all offer some form of preferential rates of tax for those ships on the register. In certain cases this tax subsidy has been linked to a requirement to train seafarers, notably in the UK. This article analyses the impact of the tonnage tax system and its success in achieving its objectives of fleet expansion and employment with particular reference to the UK.     

宁波船舶交通管理中心在台风期间的安全监管

考虑到宁波-舟山港每年都会受到台风影响,且台风来临时给在航船舶、锚泊船舶和靠泊船舶带来重大安全隐患,根据宁波船舶交通管理中心辖区的具体情况,结合自身监管经验,分析目前宁波防抗台监管措施中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Rethinking maritime privatization in Africa

While recognizing the need for increased participation of the private sector in the maritime industry of developing countries, there is a need to go beyond the call for privatization in terms of mere change of ownership from state to private sector as the only solution to the inefficiency of the maritime industry in developing countries. This limited understanding of the maritime problems of these countries abounds in the literature on maritime privatization. This study departs from this approach and focuses on the political economy of the maritime industry, and suggests that maritime privatization will not necessarily result in increased efficiency of the divested maritime enterprises. Rather, it argues that maritime problems in these countries have less to do with ownership than with the structural constraints in world shipping together with internal management and local ~olitics. The maritime industrv in West and Central Africa is used as a case studv. and recommendations such as selective privatization, 'programme contract', and most importantly, corporatization, are suggested as alternative strategies that could enhance maritime privatization and the development of the maritime industry in developing countries.     

Safety culture on board six Swedish passenger ships

This paper presents the results of a Swedish study on maritime safety culture. The study aims to increase knowledge about the characteristics of safety culture in the maritime setting and about the relationship between safety culture and organizational climate. Such knowledge can be vital in the process of developing and improving safety culture. The paper reports the results of safety culture assessments on board six Swedish passenger ships in international traffic, using observations, questionnaires, and interviews focussing on 508 employees who completed the questionnaires. The results of the assessments revealed a generally good existing safety culture. Differences in individuals' safety culture perceptions were found between ships, vessel type (high-speed craft versus Ropax), and hierarchical working position. Important relationships between organizational climate and safety culture were also found. A comparison with other transport sectors where the same safety culture assessment had been applied yielded that passenger shipping has an average safety culture score level that falls between air traffic control and airport ground handling. The method of assessment, which can be used by shipping companies and vessel crews, identified specific areas of concern in the safety culture that could support continuous improvements of safety and safety culture.     

海上交通巡逻和救助船舶配置规模研究

为适应海上交通安全管理需要,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,根据船舶使用水域和功能定位,将巡逻和救助船舶划分3种类型和7个系列,基于巡逻船雷达基本探测原理和巡逻路径,计算巡逻船有效监管距离和面积,基于海上交通应急到达时间要求和救助路径,计算救助船有效救助距离和面积,根据离岸不同距离水域面积和岸线长度,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,提高巡逻和救助船舶布局规划的科学性。     

修造船舶试航工作的海事管理立法思考

文中在分析修造船舶试航管理工作现状的基础上,对修造船舶试航海事管理立法工作所涉及的因素,利用系统工程理论进行了分析,从人、船、环境、管理四个方面提出建议,为修造船舶试航的立法工作提供有益参考。