The EEZ: International enforcement problems

This paper sets out the problems and discusses possible solutions related to the policing of, and protection of economic activities undertaken in, off-shore zones over which coastal states will be expected to exercise jurisdiction.     

国际防污公约(MARPOL 73/78)附则VI实施要求

介绍“防止船舶造成大气污染规则”产生的背景、主要内容和具体要求,总结船舶执行该规则时应注意的要点和必须采取的措施。     

The EEZ and the progress of fisheries negotiations January to May 1977

This paper discusses negotiations, relative to sea fisheries, in terms of international arrangements—arrangements between the European Economic Community (EEC) and Third Countries; and those between member states of the EEC.     

The EEZ and the progress of fisheries negotiations January to May 1977

This paper discusses negotiations, relative to sea fisheries, in terms of international arrangements—arrangements between the European Economic Community (EEC) and Third Countries; and those between member states of the EEC.     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用,国家间,尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益,试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍,并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上,为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

The enforcement of shipping standards under UNCLOS

This article discusses the enforcement of shipping standards, with a particular focus on Part XII of UNCLOS. Section 6 of Part XII contains the only comprehensive set of vessel-related enforcement provisions in the Convention, but the Part’s scope is limited to “the preservation and protection of the marine environment.” Therefore, not all shipping standards fall clearly within Part XII’s ambit, including those centered on safety, security, and crewing considerations. The enforcement provisions of Section 6 are favorable to flag states and their vessels, and Section 7 contains a number of safeguards for their benefit, so it is in the interests of these parties to have coastal state enforcement governed by Part XII. However, the ability of coastal states to establish and enforce shipping standards that apply within the territorial sea extends to more than just environmental matters. The result is that different standards give rise to different enforcement powers, depending on the maritime zone in which a vessel is located, even if those standards arise from the same international agreement. It is suggested that to remedy these problems, UNCLOS would need to be amended in order to provide a comprehensive enforcement regime for the enforcement of shipping standards.     

International cooperation against piracy: China's role,problems, and prospects

While there are some non-contentious issues about which states can cooperate, most must be molded around the demands of national interest. Piracy is a case where suppression would appear to be in the interest of all states; after all, pirates have been regarded as the enemies of all since Roman times. Despite this, states have often been more ambivalent as they have found piracy to be a useful cloak behind which to hide their wider geo-strategic ambitions. This paper notes that Somali piracy has attracted the interest of China whose citizens have been attacked and hijacked. It asks if this deployment demonstrates that China is committed to the protection of shipping in the context of the existing maritime order or if it has a wider purpose to advance Chinese interests in the Indian Ocean region.     

The exclusive economic zone: criteria and machinery for the resolution of international conflicts between different users of the EEZ

It is highly probable that one of the results of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea will be the recognition of a new jurisdictional zone—the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This 200-mile zone will be used for a variety of potentially conflicting purposes by both the coastal state and non-coastal states and it is therefore important to ensure that the new convention emerging from the conference should establish criteria and make provision for machinery for the resolution of the international conflicts between different users which will undoubtedly arise. This paper contains a critical analysis of the latest draft articles under consideration at the Conference and considers the criteria by reference to which disputes might be resolved.     

The exclusive economic zone: criteria and machinery for the resolution of international conflicts between different users of the EEZ

It is highly probable that one of the results of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea will be the recognition of a new jurisdictional zone—the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This 200-mile zone will be used for a variety of potentially conflicting purposes by both the coastal state and non-coastal states and it is therefore important to ensure that the new convention emerging from the conference should establish criteria and make provision for machinery for the resolution of the international conflicts between different users which will undoubtedly arise. This paper contains a critical analysis of the latest draft articles under consideration at the Conference and considers the criteria by reference to which disputes might be resolved.     

绽放在执法一线的“蓝色玫瑰”

滚滚长江,惊涛拍岸,船行如梭。在海风鼓起的叶叶白帆中,在海浪应和的声声汽笛中,有这样一群海事女性,她们巾帼不让须眉,保护着航行安全、守卫着水域清洁。温情的女法官"全国青年文明号"、连续三届"全国海事系统文明执法示范窗口标兵"——张家港锦丰海事处可谓是江苏海事系统有名的"先进集体"。但这     

行政执法中的博弈

运用博弈论最简单的模型,把行政执法分为被管理者之间的博弈、管理者之间的博弈和被管理者与管理者之间的博弈三方面来进行分析,为实现有效执法提供一种简单而有效的思路和方法。     

Law enforcement in the ocean

The combating of the present great variety of criminal activities occurring at sea mainly involves measures to be taken on land, in particular in ports.However, also actual enforcement at sea will continue to play an essential (complementary) role. This article surveys the rules of international law governing law enforcement measures at sea. These rules are complex, because distinctions have to be made between the various jurisdictional zones at sea and between the positions of the flag state, the coastal state and the port state. Traditionally, ships in the high seas (all sea areas beyond a narrow band of territorial sea) were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state. In an increasing number of situations, the coastal state now has law enforcement authority over foreign ships in expanded areas up to 200 nautical miles offshore. But apart from these situations, flag state jurisdiction still prevails beyond the territorial sea. This makes effective law enforcement difficult. In practice, many obstacles can be overcome by making more effective use of the authority of the port state, and by concluding new international agreements providing for specific enforcement systems.     

国际油漆的可持续发展之路

从1990年正式开业,到1996年以中国船舶涂料市场销售第一的业绩奠定中国船舶涂料领头羊地位至今,上海国际油漆有限公司已经悄然扎根中国船舶市场20多年。在与中国造船企业携手经历了国内造船业大浪淘沙的洗礼后,国际油漆现在更确信,将可持     

中国海事:积极应对海上统一执法

在举国上下热议十八大报告中提出的建设海洋强国战略的兴奋心情尚未消退之际,国务院在提交十二届全国人大一次会议审议的《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》中又提出重新组建国家海洋局,推进海上统一执法的方案,再一次引起广大人民群众的热议,也引起了外国特别是我国周边国家的高度关注。     

论青岛VTS执法管理

随着海上运输事业的发展,青岛港的规模越来越大,吞吐量成倍增长,青岛VTS中心1999年12月8日正式开通运行。从青岛VTS中心正式开通运行的情况来看,船舶无序抢航、超速航行、冒险操纵、背离避碰规则、违章作业碍航等现象大为减少,较大程度的改善了青岛港安全航行状况,保护了海洋环境,提高了船舶的航行效率和港口的生产效率,取得了较为明显的社会效益。     

狭长航道船舶脱浅研究

船舶在人工狭长直线航槽上航行，最易发生的事故就是搁浅。本文仅以黄骅港人工直线狭长航槽为例，研究并推荐船舶在人工狭长直线航槽上搁浅时，船长如何采取恰当的措施，从而取得最好的脱浅效果。     

长江江苏段渡运安全风险与管理对策

长江江苏段从南京慈湖口至苏州太仓浏河口长约365公里（连同支流河段共约550公里），是我国水上交通最为繁忙的航段之一，分布着60道渡线，有168艘渡船。2004年渡运量达129万航次，渡运旅客7050万人，渡运车辆2249万辆，成为连接长江南北的重要交通纽带。     

海事执法督察工作应把握的几个环节

随着海事执法模式改革的不断深入,部分海事局已相应建立了督察机构,督察工作正在不断摸索、总结中前进。如何做好这一相当有前途和富有挑战性的事业,做好海事执法队伍的“啄木鸟”和“护林人”,确保海事执法部门依法行使法律赋予的权力,是摆在我们面前的必须做好的一件大事。文章介绍了目前海事部门执法督察的现状,并就如何对海事执法督察工作进行正确定位,提供保障,克服不良倾向,以及做好督察工作应把握的原则、环节等提出了相关建议。     

让规范执法成为习惯——河北海事局全面规范现场执法行为成效显著

2010年我处共查处了120余起船舶违法案件,对35艘船舶实施禁止离港的强制措施,与2009年相比分别增长了29%和119%。同时,现场监督检查的重点也