Core competence and competitive strategy of the Taiwan shipbuilding industry: a resource-based approach

The shipbuilding output for Taiwan had been 4th in the world until 1999; however, at that time, it dropped to the 9th. Currently, the world shipbuilding capacity greatly exceeds the demand and this disparity could grow to 40% by 2005. Facing this turning point, the main objective of this study is to re-examine the international competitive position of Taiwan's shipbuilding industry; furthermore, to realize the industries' core competences and attempt to recommend competitive strategies for the future development of Taiwan's shipbuilding industry. The results show that Taiwan's main core competence is production management, mainly through heterogeneous resource analysis. This paper also proposes that for general types of ships, Taiwan's development priority should be to utilize low-cost strategies to occupy the market continuously; as to high value added types of ships, Taiwan's priority should be to utilize differential and focus strategies. Finally, the direction of government policy is suggested.     

Implementing green supply chain practices: an empirical investigation in the shipbuilding industry

ABSTRACT

Environmental concerns have become important in the shipbuilding industry. Governmental expectations about environmental and social performance are much higher than in the past. Public authorities penalize companies that do not comply with the rules. Shipbuilding companies face these challenges by introducing new technologies into their business processes. They do not only start initiatives to green their own business processes but also those of their supply chain partners. This form of environmental management is called Green Supply Chain Management (GrSCM) and its importance is increasingly recognized. Although GrSCM is growing, companies are experiencing difficulties engaging suppliers in environmental activities.

This empirical study analyses drivers for supply chain participation of suppliers in the shipbuilding industry. We explain the participations of suppliers in GrSCM practice by investigating influencing factors including governmental involvement in greening the supply chain, customer requirements towards green issues, feeling of social responsibility, competitive advantage by going green, and GrSCM readiness. Hypotheses are tested with partial least squares, using survey data of 93 suppliers of two leading shipbuilding companies. We found GrSCM readiness, competitive advantage, and social responsibility to be significant drivers in supplier participation. No significant support was found for governmental involvement and customer requirements.     

论中国造船企业的核心竞争力

本文分析了中国造船企业的竞争优势与劣势,并提出了培育中国造船企业核心竞争力的基本战略.中国造船企业的竞争优势主要在于生产要素、需求条件及政府支持等方面;劣势在于相关产业、企业目标、战略、组织结构等方面.培育中国造船企业核心竞争力必须采取模仿性提高、差异化、低成本、聚焦重点客户、提升集成设计能力、采用先进造船模式、提升生产系统的管理能力、建立优秀企业文化、创新、信息化及战略性人力资源管理等战略.     

Analyzing ship investment behaviour in liner shipping

This study analyzes capacity expansion and ship choice decisions. Theoretically, we derive the probability of capacity expansion as a function of market and company attributes and characterize the impacts of these factors on expansion decisions. Empirically, we analyze ship investment and ship choice behaviour using binary choice and nested logit models based on ship investment data from major liner shipping companies over the period 1999 to 2009. Most expansion decisions are found to be market-driven, and large companies expand to maintain their market shares. In terms of ship selection, statistical results support the assumption that shipping companies decide on a new order or second-hand purchase before considering the ship size. Also, new orders are preferable to second-hand purchases. For new orders, the preference increases with ship size, and decreases with shipbuilding length and demand growth rate. For all ship types, the preference increases with a high and stable time-charter rate. For second-hand ships, handysize is the most preferable size. The substitution of new orders and second-hand purchases is possible, but not symmetrical.     

Supply and demand of new oil tankers

This paper examines the world-wide supply and demand for new oil tankers. A simultaneous supply and demand model is developed and estimated using two-stage least squares techniques and empirical data from 1972 to 1983. The relationships between tanker newbuilding orders and prices, and other relevant market factors are analysed. Major factors affecting the tanker new building market are identified. The results indicate that: oil price and second-hand tanker price are predominant factors influencing future newbuilding demand; a moderate decrease in laid-up tonnage would not induce a significant increase in newbuilding orders; shipbuilding capacity is a more influential factor for the short-run supply of new tankers than shipbuilding cost. Technological change has also played an important role in the market.     

迈向21世纪的世界船舶工业与船舶科技

从市场趋势，工业格局，竞争对手，竞争规则等四个方面分析了迈向２１世纪的世界船舶工业总态势，并主要根据日本的调研结果介绍了今后世界船舶科技的主要发展方向和部分重点研究课题。     

用功效系数法对船舶行业上市公司进行财务预警

以船舶行业上市公司的2003年和2004年年报为资料，运用功效系数法，构建出适用于船舶行业上市公司的财务预警模型，并就该模型对船舶行业上市公司2003年和2004年财务状况分别进行了预警结果分析。     

Some current aspects of marketing in the near-sea ferry and liner trades with particular reference to the lrish Sea

The marketing of ferry services has almost unique characteristics but little literature exists in this field. This paper is the result of a preliminary investigation, based on a series of interviews, into some current aspects of marketing on the Irish Sea. The study considers three services types: container; freight only; ro-ro and multi-purpose ro-ro.

The complementarity, or otherwise, of carrying passengers and freight together is debated, as is the organizational conflict or confusion that may arise from this type of operation. The need to adopt different marketing strategies in the freight and passenger markets is derived from consumers' different buying behaviours. The sometimes contentious relationship between product differentiation and market segmentation strategies is explored and definitions provided. Both market coverage and specialization strategies are found in the ro-ro industries and the more competitive segments are identified. Using 'purpose of travel' as the basis for segmentation, potential growth segments of the passenger market are identified. The marketing strategies employed by the freight industry are less apparent, although segmentation does seem to play a major role in the identification of target markets.

The study indicates the extent to which shipping companies on the Irish Sea have adopted the marketing concept and that scope still exists for them to make greater use of this fundamental business philosophy.     

灰色理论在造船工序作业计划预测中的应用研究

描述了传统造船工序作业计划管理的方法,并分析了目前工序作业计划制定方法存在的不确定性和局限性,将灰色理论的预测方法应用于造船工程项目中工序作业计划的制定,应用实例建立了分段工序作业时间的预测模型,并对模型进行了精度检验和模型精度指标评估,评价结果有效,有助于造船生产过程中更为精确的管理,提高造船企业的生产效率。     

"十一五"浙江省船舶工业发展的思考

加快船舶工业发展有利于浙江工业结构调整升级,培育新的经济增长点,更好地发挥浙江的区域优势.文章在分析当前浙江省船舶工业现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了发展船舶工业的统筹协调,优化利用内外资源,加快发展船舶配套业,解决船舶担保及融资,强化对船舶工业土地资源需求支撑力度等“十一五”浙江省船舶发展的策略和措施.     

基于约束理论的船舶管系加工进度计划系统研究

船舶管系生产是船舶建造的一个重要部分,管系生产的进度情况直接影响着全船的建造计划.该研究结合管加工工厂生产管理中的实际问题,通过引入约束管理理论(TOC),开发了适用于船舶管系生产的进度计划系统.该系统集成了管子制品模型、生产资源模型、生产作业模型以及加工数据库,实现了作业计划和生产进度计划编制的自动化.此外,该文评价了系统在应用中所取得的效果,认为系统在管子生产的进度管理、设备利用率和库存等方面均具有较传统方法更优的表现.     

船厂技术发展战略——暨外高桥船厂经营策略之我见

该文简要地介绍了目前国际上通行的船厂竞争能力的评估方法 ,并针对目前国内外造船业的现状 ,就我国新建的上海外高桥船厂的技术发展战略 ,阐述一些个人见解。     

中韩造船业国际竞争力对标分析

为迎接全球船舶行业面临的世界经济发展停滞和船海市场需求不足带来的严峻挑战,全面对标分析中国造船企业与世界一流的韩国造船企业之间的差距。对比2020年中韩造船三大指标和主要船型建造的实动工时与关键周期数据,对中韩造船企业在设计、生产、管理等三大方面的精细化、标准化、机制模式等关键性问题进行对标分析,找出原因并提出解决问题的建议。中国造船业应积极开展常态化、精细化的对标工作,准确研判新发展格局带来的新机遇、新挑战,明确主攻方向,聚焦关键环节,找准融入新发展格局的着力点和突破口。     

Editorial: an analysis of failure

This article deals with a short-term Liner Ship Fleet Planning (LSFP) problem with cargo shipment demand uncertainty for a single liner container shipping company. The cargo shipment demand uncertainty enables us to propose a chance constraint for each liner service route, which guarantees that the liner service route can satisfy the customers’ demand at least with a predetermined probability. Assuming that cargo shipment demand between any two ports on each liner service route is normally distributed, this article develops an integer linear programming model with chance constraints for the short-term LSFP problem. The proposed integer linear programming model can be efficiently solved by any optimization solver such as CPLEX. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to assess the model and analyze impact of the chance constraints and cargo shipment demand.     

曲面分段加工的虚拟流水线生产模式及关键技术探讨

本文在简要评述中国船舶生产发展过程的基础上,提出了曲面分段加工的虚拟流水线作业模式.针对曲面分段加工虚拟流水线作业的特点,研究了曲面分段加工虚拟流水线生产模式的关键技术:作业负荷均衡技术和生产控制技术;虚拟流水线的自适应控制机制技术.利用虚拟流水线生产模式可以有效地提高船舶生产效率,降低生产成本,提高整体竞争实力.     

基于超效率DEA模型的我国船舶工业效率的评价

运用超效率DEA模型,选取3项投入指标（从业人员的平均数、船舶工业企业的个数、造修船的基础设施）和2项产出指标（船舶工业的总产值、造船完工量占全国的份额）,对2010年至2011年我国主要造船地区船舶工业效率进行评价。研究的结果表明：相比于2010年,2011年我国14个地区船舶工业的综合效率、技术效率、规模效率的平均值都有所提高,船舶行业的结构调整初见成效,其次上海的船舶工业的超效率值远高于其他省份。     

造船企业运用供需链目标成本管理的探索

针对我国目前造船企业目标成本管理中存在的问题,提出将目标成本管理拓展到整个造船供需链,运用基于供需链的目标成本管理来解决我国造船成本不断上升的问题,给出了造船供需链目标成本管理的实施方案.     

数字化造船信息集成和总体实施架构探讨

数字化集成制造技术是现代制造技术的核心,实施数字化造船已成为全球造船企业提高核心竞争能力的重要措施之一。本文描述了数字化造船和数字化造船企业的内涵及其组成,对数字化造船的总体目标、开发和应用总体实施架构和造船企业实施数字化造船信息集成总体方案进行了阐述和探讨。     

浅析利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力

简要叙述了竞争情报在船舶设计/制造企业的发展和市场竞争中的战略地位,并通过对科技情报与竞争情报的区别、竞争情报的模式、企业竞争情报的获取途径和目前开展竞争情报工作亟待解决的问题的分析,阐明利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力的可行性和必要性.