Why do marine pollution conventions take so long to enter into force?

A concern of many environmentalists is that marine pollution conventions are usually slow in coming into force. The reasons for this vary with each convention. Instead of exhaustively examining each convention, this paper suggests a general framework of inquiry which may be used in seeking to ascertain the speed and degree of ratification of any particular convention.     

新造船舶有害物质清单编制方法

考虑到IMO在2009年已通过了"香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约",虽然该公约尚未生效,但随着国际社会对环保的呼声日益高涨,此公约提前生效的可能性极大,为了研究如何实施该公约,通过对一艘5.5万t散货船的有害物质清单调查与编制,探讨编制流程与编制要领,分析需解决的问题,供新造船舶有害物质清单的编制参考。     

《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约》制定进展与对我国的影响分析

文中分析了《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约草案》的制定背景与进展，简要介绍了公约的内容与基本要求，介绍了国内拆船业的现状，在此基础上分析了公约生效后对我国相关行业可能产生的影响，并提出了我国在公约后续制定过程中所应采取的态度建议。     

我国批准加入《2006年海事劳工公约》的可行性探讨

通过简述《2006年海事劳工公约》的出台背景以及目前各成员国批约的情况,联系我国实际,从政府、船员和船东三方角度,通过对国家政策、法律法规、海员保障、船东准备等方面履约的可行性分析,认为我国加入公约时机基本成熟,并提出了加入公约后可能面临的问题以及解决的建议。     

Assessment of the maritime labour convention compliance using balanced scorecard and analytic hierarchy process approach

Maritime labour convention (MLC), adopted by International Labour Organization in 2006, is one of the latest contemporary issues in the maritime industry. Since the convention entered into force after August 2013, maritime administrations and ship management companies have great responsibilities to control and verify the socio-technical requirements within the shipboard environment. The convention principally organized along with several key considerations such as minimum requirements for seafarers to work on-board ships, conditions of employment, accommodation, recreational facilities, health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection. At this insight, the compliance and enforcement matters are another concern to fulfil the requirements. This paper provides a model-based approach integrating balanced scorecard (BSC) with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate compliance with the MLC requirements at the operational level. The research is expected to provide original contributions to monitor the MLC 2006 compliances level in ship fleet operation and management.     

我国实施国际海上人命安全公约的不足及改进建议

《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》于1980年5月25日对我国生效以来,经过政府、各级海事管理部门、港口行政管理部门、船公司等有关部门和人员的共同努力,较好地实施了公约及其修正案的履约工作。但是,我国在执行SOLAS 1974中也存在一些不足之处。探讨我国履约工作存在的问题和不足,并提出改进建议。     

《残骸清除公约(草案)》的修订情况及其对我国的影响

沉船的强制打捞清除是目前海事管理中一个存有争议和尚待解决的难点。通过对《残骸清除公约(草案)》中沉船强制打捞清除的定义、成立要件、实施及费用的实现等内容深入了解,越来越多的国家已认识到该公约的必要性和重要性,很多航运大国以及国际海事组织都在为公约的生效而积极努力。深入分析了该公约对沿海国、船旗国的权利、责任以及海上强制保险制度,并阐述对难点问题的建议和主张。     

各国压载水管理情况浅述

简单介绍了国际海事组织压载水公约出台的背景,并着重阐述了压载水公约生效前各国对压载水的管理要求,最后基于我国的实际情况,提出了对压载水管理公约实施的一些意见和建议.     

及早加入压载水公约提升我国国际地位

通过船舶压载水将外来水生物引入到新环境已经被认定为世界海洋四大威胁之一。为了解决这一问题,世界海事组织制定并通过了《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》。该公约将于两年或更长一段时间内,在达到世界海事组织规定的公约加入情况要求后正式生效。本文提供了世界范围内压载水管理方面的信息以及压载水公约的进程。根据对其他国家压载水管理实践以及中国压载水管理现状的分析,本文认为,中国应制定前瞻性战略,在压载水公约生效之前做好充分准备。本文着重分析了压载水处理技术相关问题,包括其市场前景。认为我国应及早加入压载水公约,建议主管机关采取更积极措施,促进压载水处理技术研发的投入,增加研发成果转变为目标产品的可能性,以提升我国在国际舞台的地位。     

绿色拆船——中国海事监管对策研究与分析

分析《2009年香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约》的制定背景与公约的框架内容,结合国内相关行业的现状,通过对比现行海事部门对拆船作业的管理与公约的要求,研究公约生效后,海事部门如何对拆船作业进行管理,提出合理化对策。     

提高国内航行船舶检验质量的措施与方法

国际海事公约是船舶检验工作的主要依据之一,本文介绍船舶法定检验质量管理体系的建立和运行,加强与港澳接轨,保障国内航行船舶检验质量的措施;提出进一步提高国内航行船舶法定检验质量的解决方法,以使国内航行船舶检验工作更好地向国际公约靠拢。     

The Rotterdam Rules: Catalyst for trade or cumbersome convention?

The announcement of the Rotterdam Rules, a new convention governing the carriage of goods through maritime transport, was greeted with support and opposition. This commentary analyzes its pros and cons, and argues that when fully implemented, the convention will have a significant impact on the carriage of goods and is poised to boost the volume of maritime trade.     

SOLAS公约对船舶机器处所燃油套管及渗漏报警装置的检验要求

在国际海上人命安全公约(SOLAS)1994年修正案和2000年修正案的基础上,论述不同年代建造的国际航行远洋船舶SOLAS公约适用条款和船用柴油机高压燃油管路具体防火要求,以及船用柴油机高压燃油套管组件和燃油渗漏报警装置的具体检验要求。     

评析与探讨ILO新海事劳工公约

评析了国际海事劳工组织(ILO)通过的新的《海事劳工公约》、产生的背景、公约的构架与主要内容,探讨了公约的主要特点,公约将带来的影响和变化,以及公约生效后政府主管机关、船公司、海员以及有关航海院校、研究机构应采取哪些履约措施。指出各方面应重视公约的出台,并积极采取相应的行动,以满足即将生效的公约的要求,从而保障海员的基本权利,使海员在船工作更舒适、更安全、更“体面”。     

The theory and practice of a carrier's liability under the Athens Convention—the English experience

The effect of the regulation of a carrier's liability by the mandatory application of rules introduced by international convention are considered in the context of a review of the standard terms and conditions employed by major UK passenger carriers reacting to the Athens Convention 1974. It is hoped that by analysing the impact of the Athens Convention upon the British operators who still play a significant part in the international transport of passengers, that light will be shed on the response than can be expected from maritime carriers to the imposition of international convention jurisdiction generally.     

一种船用低硫油冷却系统电气控制设计

根据国际公约对燃油含硫量的要求,设计了一种低硫油冷却系统,介绍其组成并具体地分析了电气原理图。此系统已应用于生产实际,性能达到预期效果,有一定的参考价值。     

浅析《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》

介绍即将生效的《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》的制定背景,分析燃油、污染损害、连带责任、强制保险或经济担保、证书、公约的效力等概念的界定及其要点,提出我国航运企业应熟知公约内容,密切关注船旗国接受该公约情况的动态,尽可能全面地掌握相关要求,提前取得公约要求的证书和做好必要准备。     

谈船员基本权益的保障

文中分析了有关船员国际公约的履行,《船员条例》存在的一些问题,提出了从法制角度对船员基本权益保护的对策,以期通过修正和颁布有关法规对船员最基本权益的保障和对航运用人单位的约束机制等有所帮助。     

The ISM Code and the ISPS Code: A critical legal analysis of two SOLAS regimes

Within the comprehensive body of law encompassed by the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), there are two regimes that are topical and outstanding in the current maritime milieu. These are the international safety management and the international ship and port facility regimes, both characterized by two codes serving as the centre of gravity of each, namely, the ISM Code and the ISPS Code, respectively. In this article the concept of the code as a legal instrument is perused following which a critical legal analysis is carried out of the two above-mentioned Codes, including their backgrounds, the evolutionary process culminating into the regimes and their interrelationships. Several anomalies and inadequacies in the two regimes are identified but in the final analysis it is concluded that both instruments are salutary additions to the body of convention law generated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They will undoubtedly influence the continuing development of international law in the field of maritime safety and security.     

浅谈舰船绿色环保设计

通过对《MARPOL73/78》公约、中国船级社（CCS）的环保附加标志＂CLEAN＂和＂CLEAN（FTP,GWC,NEC,SEC,RSC,AFS,GPR）＂要求的分析,在与目前我国舰船绿色环保设计现状进行对比的基础上,提出了今后舰船绿色环保设计的发展方向。