Operational performance evaluation of major container ports in the Asia-Pacific region

If international container ports are to gain a proper appreciation of their various advantages, disadvantages and potential opportunities in a globally competitive environment, it is essential that they conduct effective evaluation of their operational performance. The present study applies five models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to acquire a variety of complementary information about the operational efficiency of major container ports in the Asia-Pacific region and to identify trends in port efficiency. The study first establishes the causes of inefficiency on the basis of efficiency value analysis. Slack variable analysis is then used to identify potential areas of improvement for inefficient ports. This is followed by the utilization of return to scale analysis to assess whether each port is in a state of increasing, decreasing, or constant return to scale. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify which input or output variables have larger weights in terms of efficiency. The results provide valuable information for port managements in their attempts to establish competitive strategies for the future and to improve their resource utilization for ongoing improvements in operational efficiency.     

大型港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性

<正>在国际金融危机对实体经济的影响逐步深化的过程中,港航业不断出现"触底""企稳"和"复苏"的判断。实际上,港航业生产具有显著的季节性不平衡的特点,某些基于港航业生产变化情况所作的判断显然忽视了这一点。本文取月度集装箱吞吐量与全年月均吞吐量的比值为港口集装箱吞吐量月度不平衡指数,据此分析大型港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性。     

解决集装箱港口产能过剩问题的建议

随着物流业被列入十大产业振业规划,全国各地相继掀起港口建设热潮,部分地方政府喊出建设亿吨大港或集装箱干线港的口号;然而,在当前全球石油、煤炭等不可再生资源日益紧张的情况下,建设如此多的超级大港是否存在资源浪费、产能过剩的问题呢?笔者就此展开讨论.     

欧洲沿海港口集装箱运输发展状况

欧洲大陆海岸线长达3．79万km,沿海港口星罗棋布,2005年欧洲沿海港口完成集装箱吞吐量7300多万TEU,与同年我国大陆沿海港口集装箱吞吐量7002万TEU规模相当。本文根据相关统计数据分析欧洲沿海港口集装箱运输发展状况。     

我国港口集装箱吞吐量增长趋势分析

<正>0引言2009年是新世纪以来我国经济社会发展最为困难的一年,也是我国港口集装箱运输发展最为困难的一年。在经历20年井喷式增长后,2009年我国港口集装箱吞吐量转为下降。港口集装箱运输主要是为外贸服务的,金融危机爆发后,不少港口为充分利用现有设备,大力吸引空箱来港堆放,使得集装箱吞吐量中空箱所占比重大于往年。从统计数据来看,我国港口集装箱吞吐量的下降率远远小于外贸总额的下降率,但港口集装箱吞吐量的实际下降率大于统计数据。     

北美港口集装箱运输发展分析

<正>1994年1月1日生效的《北美自由贸易协定》推动了加拿大、美国和墨西哥等北美国家的区域经济一体化进程。2008年北美GDP总量达16.68万亿美元,占全球GDP总量的27.55%。北美约有3.5亿人口,消费能力巨大,且与我国经济互补性较强。我国加入世界贸易组织后,与北美国家的双边贸易关系日益紧密(见表1)。     

我国集装箱港口口岸环境的发展方向

<正>口岸环境涉及内容很广,主要分为2类:一是与货物进出口岸相关的服务企业,包括港口码头、船货代理、海上运输、公路运输、铁路运输、金融、法律事务等单位;二是与货物进出口岸相关的政府部门,包括交通运输主管、海关、边防、检验检疫、卫检、商检、海事、引航、公安等部门。     

日本集装箱港口的放松规制与民营化

为增强集装箱港口竞争力,以日本放松规制与民营化的港口新政为例,阐述其政策背景、制度变迁和改革进展,提出我国港口服务应引入不同的投资主体和经营形式。     

温州港口业:扬起城市经济发展的龙头

温州港的快速扩张和临港工业的壮大，使城市的产业格局和经济格局悄然发生变化。商业型、加工型、消费型小城市逐步被新兴港口工业城市所取代，显然，港口业的龙头地位不可或缺。本文通过调研论证，提出加快港口发展和拉动临港工业措施与建议。     

美国港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性

2007年,我国是美国仅次于加拿大的第2大贸易伙伴,美国是我国仅次于欧盟的第2大贸易伙伴。中美贸易发展促进中美间海运量特别是集装箱海运量的高速增长,中美集装箱运输量是美国与所有贸易伙伴之间最大的。中美贸易货物海上集装箱运输大部分通过美国西海岸港口进出美国,由于近年来美国西海岸港口拥堵及美国内陆运输费用上涨,我国通过全水路运输经过美国东海岸港口进出美国的集装箱运输量有所增加。     

2006年全球集装箱港口100强

今年,英国杂志《国际货运系统》（Cargo Systems）和往年一样,在其第7,8合期的增刊《集装箱港口100强》（Top 100 Container Ports）上,表（以下称为100强表）列全球按吞吐量排位的前100个集装箱港口,并简单分析这些港口的近况和发展规划。本刊2006年第12期刊登过详细介绍2005年增刊的文章。     

Port competitiveness from the users' perspective: An analysis of major container ports in China and its neighboring countries

The objective of this paper is to explore the relative importance of factors that determine container port competitiveness from the users' perspective. Three groups of port users – shipping liners, forwarders and shippers – are considered in this paper. The importance of the various factors is determined on the basis of survey results from the industry experts and then obtained via the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Furthermore, we use the results to evaluate ports in Mainland China, Hong Kong and other Asian cities. Given our results, operators of our sample ports could benchmark their performance with their competitors and identify the areas that they need to improve.     

我国港口集装箱海铁联运发展现状

港口竞争的本质是货源竞争。在当前港口集装箱吞吐量迅速增长的情况下,货物是否能够快速、顺畅地进出港口,即港口是否易达,已成为衡量港口竞争力的重要指标之一。随着我国铁路基础设施逐步完善以及东部地区产业持续向中西部地区转移,国内港口开始大力发展集装箱海铁联运,以期在进一步开拓货源的同时,有效缓解港口集疏运压力,提升港口综合竞争力。     

Optimal management of human resources in transhipment container ports

Human resources allocation plays a key role in transhipment maritime container terminals to achieve high levels of productivity and provide high quality services to shipping companies. The deep interest of container terminals in this issue can be supported by optimization methods. In this work, an optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal daily allocation of crane operators and trailer drivers. Different requirements are taken into account for permanent staff, external workers and personnel shortfall. Since workforce undermanning is a crucial factor for both shipping companies and container terminals, we aim to show that personnel shortfalls and operation delays can be significantly reduced if the model encompasses a longer-than-1-day planning horizon in a rolling horizon fashion.     

北亚得里亚海集装箱港口群市场前景分析

欧洲发达市场是全球集装箱海运重要板块,对其市场发展潜力分析是中资企业参与欧洲集装箱港口投资的必要前提。集装箱港口市场发展潜力受多种因素影响,以腹地生产法进行市场预测是当前的主流方法,但该方法主要以外贸需求作为变量,存在片面性。针对当前海外港口集装箱市场分析中存在的问题,提出最优路径模型下港口集装箱市场规模预测,并以亚得里亚海北部港口群作为典型案例予以说明。分析表明,最优路径模型在大范围集装箱港口市场规模分析中具有较好的适应性,能够为投资决策提供参考。     

2006年美国港口集装箱运输发展分析

集装箱运输已经成为各经济和贸易大国发展状况的标志。美国是目前全球最发达的经济和贸易大国,是我国长期以来努力追赶的目标之一。美国、我国大陆和香港地区的集装箱吞吐量发展变化如图1所示。如果仅仅考虑我国大陆港口的集装箱运输,美国从2003年起由全球集装箱吞吐量第1大国滑到第2,我国大陆集装箱吞吐量全球第1。     

Privatization trends at the world's top-100 container ports

Over recent years, the role of the private sector in seaports has been greatly expanded. Yet, in practice, the extent of privatization in ports can vary significantly, in part due to the different methods employed to bring about private sector participation. This paper identifies and analyses, through a survey of ports, recent trends in regard to privatization at the world's top-100 container ports. The survey has benefitted from, and seeks to extend, a previous survey undertaken by the International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH). Findings suggest that, although the influence of private sector actors in ports is growing, the role of public sector agencies also remains significant.     

Privatization trends at the world's top-100 container ports

Over recent years, the role of the private sector in seaports has been greatly expanded. Yet, in practice, the extent of privatization in ports can vary significantly, in part due to the different methods employed to bring about private sector participation. This paper identifies and analyses, through a survey of ports, recent trends in regard to privatization at the world's top-100 container ports. The survey has benefitted from, and seeks to extend, a previous survey undertaken by the International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH). Findings suggest that, although the influence of private sector actors in ports is growing, the role of public sector agencies also remains significant.     

Productivity and returns to scale of container ports

This is an empirical analysis of the performance of the five major container ports of the East Coast of the United States: Boston, New York-New Jersey, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Hampton Roads. The data through 1978 indicate wide disparities in the productivity of these facilities. They also suggest that container ports exhibit significant returns to scale throughout the range of observation, that is up to 15 Mt a Year. These findings indicate that a national policy of developing small ports is not economically attractive, and that specific investments should be made most carefully.