The argument for twin screw tankers

According to the CTX tanker casualty database, machinery failures are an important cause of tanker oil spillage. This paper argues that the current large (over 10,000 deadweight) tanker fleet is experiencing at least two full losses of power or steering per day, and probably more than ten. If this fleet were twin screw, properly implemented, this number would be cut by a factor of one thousand. At the same time, tanker low speed maneuverability would be improved dramatically. All this could be done for a net cost of less than that of the double hull.     

石油公司对油船的要求

世界主要石油组织和石油公司(以下简称石油公司)，对其租船、停靠其码头、载运其货物、以及载运与其利益相关的货物时，均要对第三方的油船、化学品船及液化气船(以下简称油船)进行检查。其目的是避免人员受伤害、财产损坏以及为海洋环境提供保护。特别是油船在装卸货操作过程中，避免人员与财产的损害、防止海域污染。     

单壳油轮的重生之路

自单壳油轮"2015年末日论"抛出以来,全球拆船业热盼着一场饕餮盛宴早日到来。出人意料的是,随着最后期限的逐渐临近,拆船市场的如意算盘正在落空,所接手的单壳油轮量远不如预期。在欧盟、中国、韩国等相继提前淘汰单壳油轮的情况下,单壳油轮如何寻求重生之路?它又在上演着怎样的末路狂奔?     

BP对油轮的检查

<正>英国石油公司(BP)非常关注船舶质量,希望通过审查,降低风险,降低事故率。为此,BP在世界上建立了很多检查网点,如新加坡、上海、墨尔本、伦敦,鹿特丹、休斯顿以及芝加哥等,都设有专门机构。同时,BP还有一支由70名经过认证的检查员组成的检查队伍,他们在全世界范围内进行检查,然后提交相关报告。     

油船舱室噪声预报

以某万吨级油船为目标船,介绍了油船典型舱室噪声分析预报声学有限元（FE）、统计能量（SEA）数值分析理论和方法．并根据IMO规范对所关注舱室的噪声水平进行评价,针对超标的舱室给出减振降噪处理方案。计算考虑了船舶桨、主机、空调及风机等噪声源引起的结构噪声和空气噪声。     

国内航行“单壳”命运变局

国内单壳油轮最终难逃"末路"的宿命。2009年12月7日,交通运输部发布了《提前淘汰国内航行单壳油轮实施方案的公告》,同时发布的还有一份《国内航行单壳油轮淘汰时间表》。这个被业界称为温和的实施方案背后,带来的却是对航运及造船业的积极影响。     

Casualty analysis of large tankers

This article presents detailed results of a comprehensive analysis of recorded accidents of large oil tankers (deadweight greater than 80 000 tonnes) occurring between 1978 and 2003. The analysis encompasses a thorough review of available raw accident data and their postprocessing in a way to produce appropriate statistics useful for the implementation of risk-based assessment methodologies. The processing of the captured data led to the identification of significant qualitative historical trends of tanker accidents and of quantitative characteristics of large tanker accidents, such as overall accident rates per ship-year. Data were also analyzed for all major accident categories separately, taking into account tanker ship size/type, the degree of accident severity, and the oil spill tonne rates per ship-year; this led to the identification of heavily polluted worldwide geographical areas as a result of large tanker accidents.     

原油油船货油舱防腐蚀的最新发展

文中介绍了原油油船货油舱涂层或防腐蚀标准,展示了日本和挪威对本修正案的应对措施,就中国的应对措施进行了分析,并对原油船货油舱在海事监管方面提出几点建议。     

恐怖活动瞄上油轮?

在当今世界,恐怖活动几乎无孔不入.劫机撞楼、邮寄病菌、引爆装置、绑架劫持,已司空见惯.不要命的恐怖分子,重创世界稳定和经济发展.当前,各国都千方百计预防恐怖活动,但海运贸易领域仍处于薄弱环节.如果一艘油轮在港口爆炸,将酿成巨大的灾难.有消息表明,恐怖分子已经瞄上油轮,海事警钟已骤然敲响.     

液贷船危险区域划分

去年国家质量技术监督局公布了三项新的防爆标准:GB3836.1-2000、GB3836.2-2000、GB3836.3-2000,分别是爆炸性气体环境用电气设备第1部分通用要求、第2部分隔爆型"d"和第3部分增安型"e",三项新标准分别代替GB3836.1-1983、GB3836.2-1983和GB3836.3-1983,实施日期为2000年8月1日.另外,还有四项防爆标准已报国家质量技术监督局审批,分别是:GB3836.4 GB3836.14 GB3836.15第4部分:本质安全型"i";第14部分:危险场所分类;第15部分:危险场所电气安装.椐了解,上述新生效和即将生效的国标均主要等同或等效于IEC60079系列标准.     

Hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tankers

A series of new generation oil tankers is presently under construction. These ships differ from traditional oil tankers by their unusual form and therefore direct hydrodynamic analysis is used to determine design vertical wave bending moments instead of adopting IACS rule values. The purpose of the paper is to quantify changes in hull-girder reliability resulting from the new design features. To achieve this, first-order reliability analysis is carried out with respect to ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section of a new generation oil tanker and of a conventional “rule” designed oil tanker. The stochastic model of wave-induced bending moment is derived from direct hydrodynamic analysis performed according to IACS Recommendation No. 34 Standard Wave Data, Rev 1, 2000. The probability distribution of the still water bending moment is assumed based on the data from loading manuals. The model uncertainties of linear wave loads, non-linearity of the response as well as load combination factors are included in the reliability formulation. The reliability analysis is performed for three relevant loading conditions: full load, ballast and partial load and for two states of the hull: the “as-built” hull and “corroded” hull according to anticipated 20-year corrosion. One of the most interesting conclusions from the study is that the annual hull-girder reliability of new generation oil tanker is increased considerably compared to the conventional oil tanker. Sensitivity and parametric studies are performed with respect to random variables representing modelling uncertainties. The results of a sensitivity study enable sorting of pertinent variables according to their relative importance, while parametric study is used to quantify changes in the reliability indices for moderate variation of input parameters. Furthermore, some other results and discussions are presented pointing out the benefits of introducing the ship reliability methods in design practice, especially if this refers to new designs.     

Supply and demand of new oil tankers

This paper examines the world-wide supply and demand for new oil tankers. A simultaneous supply and demand model is developed and estimated using two-stage least squares techniques and empirical data from 1972 to 1983. The relationships between tanker newbuilding orders and prices, and other relevant market factors are analysed. Major factors affecting the tanker new building market are identified. The results indicate that: oil price and second-hand tanker price are predominant factors influencing future newbuilding demand; a moderate decrease in laid-up tonnage would not induce a significant increase in newbuilding orders; shipbuilding capacity is a more influential factor for the short-run supply of new tankers than shipbuilding cost. Technological change has also played an important role in the market.     

中国船厂增持大型油轮

2010年前8个月,中国船厂共取得了33条油轮订单.其中,12万载重吨以上的油轮数量达到了31条(12条超大型油轮和19条苏伊士型油轮).以往论及中国造船市场时,我们习惯于将目光集中在散货船上,而现在我们也非常乐意看到中国船厂在为取得多元化造船市场更高份额的道路上所走出的每一步.     

Benzene concentrations on board chemical tankers

Maritime transport of benzene is regulated by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Two important guidelines for a ship’s crew in this matter are IMO circulars 1095 and 1220. The first one describes the minimum safety standards for ships carrying liquids in bulk containing benzene while circular 1220 deals with structural guidelines for new ships carrying liquids in bulk containing benzene, but also technical developments could help in improving safety and health protection on board chemical tankers carrying benzene in bulk. The aim of the present paper is to determine the benzene concentration in the working and living environment on board a modern chemical tanker carrying benzene in bulk, where all safety, technical and operational procedures described by IMO in the above-mentioned circulars are followed. During specific cargo operations, we measured the benzene concentrations on different locations on board by means of Radiello® passive diffusive samplers. Despite all measures taken, we found an important difference in benzene concentration between operations with a benzene cargo compared to operations without benzene on board, as well as inside and outside the accommodation. Moreover, even during discharge operations, where the emission is theoretically zero, we found an important increase in the benzene concentration. In addition, we found less favourable results for the engine room.     

浅谈油轮仿真教学

文章通过对油轮特殊培训中多媒体仿真技术的应用,把平时枯燥的理论知识形象地展现出来。通过仿真操作把油轮的实际操作带到了课堂上,既节约了培训的成本又提高了教学质量,使学员真正掌握实操技能,以保障油轮的航行安全,减少油轮对海洋的污染。     

关于液货船运输安全监督管理的现状与建议

长江沿江经济和化学工业的飞速发展,带动了长江液货船运输业的异军突起,同时也给水上安全与防污染工作带来了严峻挑战。文章对液货船运输安全监督管理的现状进行了分析,提出了加强安全管理的相关建议。     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

油轮消防探析

油轮火灾的破坏性和危险性是极大的。文章列举出油轮及油轮火灾的特点，分析了油轮火灾的扑救难度，阐述油轮火灾的预防措施和火灾扑救的基本方法。     

化学品船市场需求与预测

尽管化学品船属于世界船队中的小船种,但随着世界经济 的发展,各国的出口产品正在从初级产品,逐步向工业 制成品或高附加值产品转化。化学品船作为一种要求严格的危险液货船,由于技术要求更加严格等因素,促进了化学品船需求量的增加。     

防止油轮污染 保护海洋环境

绿色和平组织报告指出：过去30年，共有超过1万件海上油轮事故发生，约600万吨浮油于海上漂流；近50年来，全世界因油类污染己使1000多种海洋生物灭绝。文章以最新国际统计资料来说明目前油轮污染的严重性，并阐述航运发达国家防油轮污染政策，并在此基础上提出相关预防对策及措施。