An interpretation of inter-container port relationships from the demand perspective

Container ports serve as important conduits to facilitate the efficient flow of containerized cargo. As part of value-driven chain systems that intersect between hinterlands, efficiency gains that are generated within the container port will have a direct impact on the competitive advantage of its users and affect the economic potential of both the origin and destination hinterlands. As such, the paper proposes the usage of indifference analysis propounded in microeconomic theory as a useful means to examine inter-container port competition and complementarity. The framework presented can also be combined with Porter's 'Diamond' model in order for inter-container port demand relationships to be quantified, measured and analysed in an holistic manner. Apart from analysing inter-port relationships from the standpoint of container ports, the framework can also be used to analyse inter-port relationships from the perspective of other key players in the value-driven chain system and modified accordingly to incorporate various indicators that are deemed to be relevant to these parties.     

Studying port selection on liner routes: An approach from logistics perspective

The research aims to study the port selection in liner shipping. The central work is to set up a model to deal with port choice decisions. The model solves three matters: ports on a ship’s route; the order of selected ports and loading/unloading ports for each shipment. Its objective is to minimize total cost including ship cost, port tariff, inland transport cost and inventory cost. The model has been applied in real data, with cargo flows between the USA and Northern Europe. Afterwards, two sensitive analyses are considered. The first assesses the impact of a number of port calls on the total cost which relates closely to the viability of two service patterns: multi ports and hub & spoke. The second analyzes the efficiency of large vessels in the scope of a logistics network. The overriding result of this research is to indicate the influence of logistics factors in the decision of port choice. The research emphasizes the necessity to combine different factors when dealing with this topic, or else a result can be one-sided.     

基于中国企业视角的越南港口投资研究

中越陆上交通基础设施领域合作日趋密切,但在越南港口投资领域,中方企业却身影难觅。针对这一现状,本文基于中国企业视角,概述越南宏观与区域经济发展形势,较为全面地研究越南港口布局规划,对其中值得中企投资重点关注的港口与港区进行总结,并具体分析中企投资越南港口注意事项,提出中企投资越南港口项目的模式和建议。     

从世界主要港口的发展看中国港口物流的发展

从世界主要港口物流发展状况看当前港口物流发展的主要特点及趋势,进而提出目前中国港口物流发展中的不足,并提出相应对策。     

宁波-舟山港煤炭吞吐量需求及码头能力适应性分析

基于全国沿海地区煤炭消耗需求发展趋势,剖析宁波-舟山港煤炭运输服务对象——浙江省的煤炭需求发展情况,在分析浙江省能源消耗、煤炭消耗现状及运输结构的基础上,预测2015年和2020年浙江省能源消耗及煤炭需求,并判断煤炭运输方式和结构,从而得出宁波-舟山港煤炭吞吐量发展趋势.结合已建和在建煤炭泊位情况,分析港口吞吐量与码头能力之间的适应性.     

从青岛港看港口投资

青岛港是交通部的老典型,也是在全国沿海率先转型的大港。以其水深域阔、岸线集中、不冻不淤的天然条件,和当地政府“以港兴市”的投资环境,一直都较国内其他大港更惹人注目。2002年,青岛港成功地将外贸集装箱主体业务,移到了位于胶州湾西海岸的前湾港,接下来的一系列吸引经济界眼球的大动作由此开始。2003年1月,把挂了100多年“青岛港务局”的牌子摘下来送到了历史博物馆,正式改制成为企业集团。在我国入世和港口体制改革的大背景下,青岛港的优势、投资与经营引起人们对新一轮港口建设的思考。     

Understanding the development of port and regional relationships: a new cooperation/competition matrix

This article argues that the increased competition and uncertainties faced by corporations and countries as a result of the globalisation and volatility of world trade in the first decade of this century have resulted in new collaborative relationships in international logistics. Evidence, largely from Canada, identifies shifts in corporate relationships. The changes are consistent with expectations derived from Williamson’s economics of governance. Relationships between negotiating firms involve greater collaboration to enhance mutual gains in face of more dynamic and uncertain conditions.     

Activities,resources and inter-organizational relationships: key factors in port competitiveness

In the last decade, the port economics literature has given great emphasis to the Supply Chain Management approach as the new paradigm for the definition of port competitiveness. SCM supports the development of partnerships between the actors of the supply chain and considers the integration of activities and resources along business processes as source of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the application of SCM approach to the port is particularly compiex given the traditional hostile relationships between port actors. In the effort to overcome such complexity, some authors have considered ports as Logistics Service Providers and interpreted their role within supply chains through the integrative practices undertaken by Global Players–mainly Shipping Companies and Terminal Operators–in the supply of integrated logistics services. Even tough these actors are crucial for the port competitiveness, they determine a passive role of port in the new competitive scenario. The definition of a potential and pro-active role of port in the supply chains is the objective of this paper that presents, through a literature review on SCM and port competitiveness, a new framework for port competitiveness. According to this framework, that is based on the value constellation concept value is generated by joint effort of port actors in the satisfaction of clients' needs, through the exploitation of different I mterdependencies (serial, pooled and reciprocal) between supply chains. In this context, Port Authority has a I fundamental role in identifying those resources–the so called critical assets–that encourage the development of inter-organisational relationships between port actors in the value generation process.     

从区港联动到保税港——宁波港发展新亮点

从宁波区港联动的规划背景出发,分析宁波区港联动政策的规划实施,进一步探讨宁波实行区港联动运作的进程特点,结合保税区、保税物流园区和保税港在退税政策、主要功能、外汇管理和中转集运等方面的区别,得出宁波港应向保税港发展的结论。     

The distribution of benefits from port investment

This paper examines the question of who gains from reduced freight rates passed on by shipowners who derive benefit from port investment.     

National-flag shipping: An appraisal of policy options from a Canadian perspective

In this paper the author reviews recent developments in Canadian government policy with regard to national-flag shipping. In response to criticism from various marine interest groups that successive governments have done little to encourage the development of national-flag shipping, federal administrations have taken a more active part in the debate. This has been manifest in several reports produced under the auspices of Transport Canada, which discuss the desirability of using selective tax or fiscal incentives to promote investment in Canadian shipping. The author outlines the arguments for expanding national-flag shipping, relating these to the greater question of what effect these proposed financial measures might have on the use of capital and other resources. He concludes that selective preferential taxation may be justified by the repatriation of shipping activities now offshore and avoidance of further shifts of manpower and capital offshore.     

洋山:让上海港如虎添翼

在我国这样一个市场巨大、腹地辽阔的国家,特别是长三角地区,如果没有一个国际航运中心,在国际分工与竞争中就会处于被动地位。近百年内天然水深都将保持在15米左右的洋山深水港,不仅能从容接纳当前世界上最大型的8500标箱集装箱船,也能满足明年出现的吃水14.5米的万箱“巨无霸”集装箱船的停泊,是上海竞争国际航运中心打出的一张“王牌”。刚刚开港的洋山深水港区是本年度上海向国际航运界献上的又一份大礼。     

Which terminals should expand investment: a perspective of internal non-cooperative competition in a port?

ABSTRACT

With the increasing container cargo throughput and the arising of port congestion, container ports start to choose the investment expansion strategy to increase the port efficiency and then to figure out the problem of port congestion. To analyze this strategy, we formulate a non-cooperative game model for a two-terminals-one-port system, and derive the optimal equilibrium outcomes of the investment expansion strategy and investment constant strategy. In the game, we find that when the investment parameter of expansion strategy and impact of handling efficiency on demand changes, both pure-strategy Nash equilibrium and mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium exist, and two terminals are more likely to choose the investment expansion strategy in most cases. Numerical simulation is applied to explore the equilibrium strategy under different circumstance.     

An econometric analysis of deficiencies noted in port state control inspections

The factors to consider in selecting which vessels to board for port state control (PSC) inspections are crucial. This paper tries to identify these factors using 4080 reported PSC inspections from the Swedish Maritime Administration for the period 1996-2001. It relies on count data models and compares results from the Poisson, negative binomial, random effect and random parameters models. The results suggest that three factors are the main determinants of the number of reported deficiencies: the age at inspection, the flag of registry and the type of ships. Conversely, the year when the inspection occurs does not seem to be a significant factor. Estimations also stress that the relationship between the age at inspection and the number of deficiencies detected is not similar for different vessel types. For instance, the number of deficiencies detected decreases for chemical carriers and Ro-Ro passenger vessels older than 25 and 22 years old, while for instance the effect is rather small for tanker and bulk carriers and only occurs when vessels are older than 35 years.     

外国专家评中国港口国际市场战略

加入世贸组织的中国以各种切合国际市场实际的政策,为众多的国际港口投资商家提供良好的开发机会.国际港口市场观察家认为,中国港口的巨大国际市场潜力不可忽视.据专家们估计,在2010年之前,中国的集装箱运量每年将递增20%.一些国际集装箱市场专家甚至认为,国际港口集装箱码头的经营大户几乎是排着队到中国寻找进一步扩大投资的途径.     

港口群的概念与港口布局规划

阐述港口群的概念及其应用范围、运用港口群概念编制港口布局规划的益处,认为把港口群的概念运用于港口布局规划是研究方法的创新。论述划分港口群、确定港口群腹地和确定港口群功能时的注意事项,提出增加包括连云港港、日照港在内的鲁南苏北港口群的建议及应该得到政府扶持的港口群。     

港口集装箱运输与区域经济发展互动关系研究——以长江三角洲港口群为例

利用生产函数增长模型及灰色关联分析方法,探讨了长三角地区港口集装箱吞吐量与区域经济之间的互动关系,定量计算两者之间存在的关联度及港口生产指标对于经济增长的贡献,对长三角港口群与区域经济协调发展进行针对性分析.     

从港口的代际功能看港口功能的发展

从港口的代际划分及其功能,介绍了各代港口的主要内涵特征。结合系统的观点,为配合现代物流的发展,提出未来港口的功能定位应予关注的几点做法。     

An assessment of port reform in Argentina: outcomes and challenges ahead

During the 1990s Argentina engaged in a process of restructuring and deregulation of its ports. The main objective of the reform was to increase efficiency and service quality and to reduce the size and role of the public sector in ports. Overall, it was expected to allow the transport sector to adjust its capacity to demand changes and to facilitate international trade while contributing to the reduction of the fiscal burden of this sector. This paper shows that the reform caused significant efficiency gains, allowing a 50% drop in container terminal handling price within five years in the most important ports. The paper also identifies outstanding issues that could impact the long-run sustainability of the gains achieved. Among these issues, emphasis is given to recent horizontal and vertical mergers in the Port of Buenos Aires and their consequences in terms of actual competition and access regulation.     

An assessment of port reform in Argentina: outcomes and challenges ahead

During the 1990s Argentina engaged in a process of restructuring and deregulation of its ports. The main objective of the reform was to increase efficiency and service quality and to reduce the size and role of the public sector in ports. Overall, it was expected to allow the transport sector to adjust its capacity to demand changes and to facilitate international trade while contributing to the reduction of the fiscal burden of this sector. This paper shows that the reform caused significant efficiency gains, allowing a 50% drop in container terminal handling price within five years in the most important ports. The paper also identifies outstanding issues that could impact the long-run sustainability of the gains achieved. Among these issues, emphasis is given to recent horizontal and vertical mergers in the Port of Buenos Aires and their consequences in terms of actual competition and access regulation.