环肋、舱壁和纵骨加强的无限长圆柱壳在水下的声辐射特性

本文建立了有环肋、舱壁和纵骨的无限长圆柱壳在水下声辐射的一般的计算模型,利用Fourier变换和模态展开法导出了圆柱壳振动响应和辐射声压在波数域的计算公式,并由稳相法得到了远场辐射声压的解析公式,分析了纵骨、舱壁和阻尼等因素对声辐射的影响,为准确计算双层圆柱壳在水下的振动和声辐射特性奠定了基础.     

Thermal expansion of pipe-in-pipe systems

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the thermal expansion of pipe-in-pipe and bundle systems that are used in the offshore oil and gas industry. The inner pipe and the outer pipes are assumed to have structural connections through bulkheads at extremities and spacers or centralisers to prevent contact of the inner and the outer pipes. The aim is to calculate the displacement and forces on the bulkheads and axial force in the inner pipe.In addition to protective pipe-in-pipes, short and long pipe-in-pipes are defined and the limits between the two are clearly delineated. Analytical methods are extended to study the effects of exponential temperature gradients along both the inner and the outer pipes, the pipe-in-pipe length, tie-in spoolpieces, inner pipe weight, seabed and spacer friction and relative axial stiffness of the inner and the outer pipes on the thermal expansion characteristics. The iterative approach to solve thermal expansion characteristics proposed can be replaced by analytical calculation in most practical situations. Simple analytical formulae are suggested when the outer pipe temperature is constant. Analytical solutions indicate good agreement with finite element numerical results.     

The wet-towing resistance of the composite bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The composite bucket foundation (CBF) is a new and environmentally-friendly foundation for offshore wind turbines. This foundation can be prefabricated in batches onshore followed by integrated transport and installation at sea. The structure itself has a subdivision air cushion structure that enables the foundation to float stably on the water surface and realize long-distance towing of the foundation. The mechanism of this air-liquid-solid coupling towing process is complicated, and the influence of the bulkheads on the towing resistance is not clear. In this paper, the influence of the subdivision structure on the towing resistance of the CBF is compared with the tow test in hydrostatic water. The structural motion characteristics and the change of the cushion pressure are also analysed. Experiments are used to verify numerical calculation results. The flow field difference between the CBF with bulkheads, the CBF without bulkheads and the real floating structure was analysed. The dynamic pressure coefficient was used to analyze the force at surfaces of different CBF's. For the tow test and numerical calculation of multiple CBFs, the optimal multi-CBF tow distance and towage number are obtained through the calculation of energy consumption rate.     

Sensitivity analysis of the probabilistic damage stability regulations for RoPax vessels

In the light of the newly developed harmonised probabilistic damage stability regulations, set to come into force in 2009, this article presents a systematic and thorough analysis of the sensitivity of the Attained Subdivision Index with reference to a wide range of related design parameters. The sensitivity of the probabilistic regulations was investigated for a typical large RoPax vessel, with variation of parameters, such as the number, positioning and local optimisation of transverse bulkheads; the presence and position of longitudinal bulkheads below the main vehicle deck; the presence of side casings; and the height of the main deck and double bottom. The effects of water on deck and of operational parameters (draught, centre of gravity and trim) were also investigated. The results of the study, presented in graphical form, can provide valuable assistance to the designer when determining subdivision characteristics at the very early stage of the design process, resulting in optimal, efficient and safe ships.     

计及船体剪力作用和弹性固支的槽型舱壁极限强度分析

本文在Paik等人提出的预测槽型舱壁单槽梁模型极限弯矩的基础上,根据弹塑性导出了考虑到轴向载荷影响的计算公式。然后在同时考虑甲板及双层底对槽型舱壁弹性固支条件下,提出了单槽梁在轴向压力与侧向分布载荷联合作用下的极限压强预测公式。通过将计算结果分别与模型试验的结果和有限元计算的结果进行比较,对公式进行了验证。最后还讨论了轴向压力和端部固支刚度对槽型舱壁极限强度的影响。     

水下结构物舱壁振动控制的结构参数优化研究

舱壁结构参数选择对舱壁振动性能有直接影响。为减小舱壁振动,采用有限元法,选择舱壁板厚度、加强筋数量、加强筋截面大小为变化的结构参数,分析振动随激振力频率、激振力作用方向、舱壁结构参数的变化规律,得到在动载荷作用下,舱壁振动的均方法向速度频响曲线,并以此为依据,设计了潜艇舱壁的结构形式和结构参数。优化的结果可以为舱壁结构参数选择提供理论依据。     

桶式防波堤离心模型试验

桶式基础防波堤结构在淤泥质海岸工程中的应用逐渐引起关注,但单桶多隔舱桶式基础结构的稳定性问题尚未得到解决。结合连云港防波堤工程,通过离心模型试验探讨波浪荷载作用下桶式基础防波堤结构的稳定性问题。采用拟静力和循环往复作用力两种方式模拟波浪荷载作用,分析试验结果,得出桶式基础防波堤结构在各个阶段中的变形稳定性状和可能的破坏模式,为工程设计优化提供参考。     

冲击毁伤载荷作用下新型舰船舱壁结构型式研究

本文对高速破片与冲击波载荷联合作用下典型舰船舱壁结构的动态响应过程进行数值模拟研究.基于结构吸能和破片平均剩余速度的评判标准,对比分析3种新型夹芯板双层舱壁(I型、X型、V型)抗冲击毁伤特性.研究结果表明,在相同高速破片与冲击波载荷联合作用下,破片穿透V型夹芯板双层舱壁结构的平均剩余速度最小,并且V型夹芯板结构吸能最多;3种新型夹芯板舱壁结构抗冲击性能均强于典型单层舱壁结构.     

T型扶强材在横向载荷作用下的侧向屈曲

考虑船舱进水导致船体梁的结构崩溃而发生沉没的事故中舱壁是一个关键的环节,通过能量法导出舱壁扶强材在侧向静水压力作用下的弹性屈曲的临界载荷公式,与有限元数值计算比较,证明文中计算公式的正确、简单、实用性。     

槽型舱壁极限强度的数值分析

通过采用ANSYS软件,在考虑几何和材料非线性的基础上,对系列槽型舱壁在线性静水压下的极限强度进行了有限元数值分析。讨论了不同槽型角度、板厚、边界约束形式及用钢量等对槽型舱壁极限承载力的影响。经过计算分析发现,槽型角度及板厚的增加均对槽体极限强度和单位用钢量有影响,但前者的增加对槽体极限强度的提高更有效;舱壁约束对结构的极限承载力有较大影响;合理的边界条件能较大提高其结构承载能力。     

爆炸载荷下半潜式钻井平台月池结构动态响应

以某半潜式钻井平台月池结构为研究对象,基于一般耦合法建立拉格朗日与欧拉网格的耦合,计及应变率效应的影响,应用二阶精度求解器ROE算法结合等效当量TNT方法及理想气体状态方程,参考API规范要求设置多组计算工况,对月池结构在不同爆源高度及不同当量载荷下的动态响应进行了数值分析研究。研究发现：整体结构抗爆性能较好,未有结构发生破损失效。当爆源高度超过41.55m或当载荷增大时,对X方向月池内壁板格造成的冲击与变形损伤更大,该处结构在防爆设计时应重点考虑;平台沿Y方向的舱壁为主要吸能构件,占比最低为44.7%,当爆源高度降低时,吸能占比增加,当爆炸载荷增大时,吸能占比降低;沿X方向的舱壁吸能占比稳定约为24%。本文的研究对于评估平台结构抗爆性能,优化结构设计等方面具有一定的参考价值。     

球-环-柱型式球面舱壁静强度及承载能力分析

以球-环-柱组合壳型式的球面舱壁结构为研究对象,分析不同几何形状下球面舱壁结构静强度及承载能力的特性.为表征球面舱壁扁平几何形状,初步提出"扁平度"的概念,借助结构有限元软件,对系列不同扁平度球面舱壁模型进行计算,分析其对结构静强度及极限承载能力的影响作用.研究表明:当球面舱壁扁平度较小(约小于0.2)时,过渡环段的内表面应力强度问题突出,容易产生塑性变形并扩展至整个过渡环段,并在过渡环区域发生破坏;当扁平度较大(约大于0.7)时,球壳区域出现弯曲应力,初挠度影响较为敏感,易在初挠度区域产生塑性变形导致结构失效;建议扁平度取值范围为0.35~0.55,对应球面舱壁极限承载能力相对较高.本文的研究结论可为球-环-柱结构设计提供参考.     

UR-S11A对大型集装箱船结构设计的影响研究

国际船级社协会针对集装箱船的新标准UR-S11A已于2016年7月1日正式生效,其对大型集装箱船结构设计的具体影响值得研究。以一艘13 500 TEU集装箱船为例,首先分析了UR-S11A相比UR-S11和劳氏船级社(LR)规范在强度校核上的差异,然后通过对总纵屈服强度、屈曲强度和极限强度的研究分析了新标准对船体结构的影响。结果表明,UR-S11A对在0.3~0.4船长处船体梁的总纵弯曲和极限强度的要求更高,部分纵舱壁板与外板的剪切和屈曲强度以及双层底桁材纵骨的屈曲强度受新规范影响较大。     

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships is presented. The ships considered are equipped with moveable bulkheads which can be placed in a given number of positions in the cargo hold. In this way the ships' cargo holds can be partitioned into several smaller holds with flexible sizes, and several cargoes can be lifted simultaneously by the same ship. The simulation study deals with designing an optimal cargo hold 'configuration' which gives the best flexibility when cargo quantities vary. The results show that there are significant potential savings by finding an optimal cargo hold configuration.     

大型油船槽形舱壁结构形式设计及模糊综合评判

文章从规范设计角度入手,设计采用单面斜壁顶凳、双面直壁顶凳、双面直壁较矮顶凳和横舱壁无顶凳四种顶凳结构形式的槽形舱壁,并进行强度评估.在满足规范要求的前提下,考虑到最大货舱舱容、最轻空船重量、最小应力、最佳工艺性等主要技术指标进行模糊综合评判,优选出综合经济性最好的结构形式.     

横向围壁设置对大跨度双层甲板弯曲特性的影响分析

针对大跨度单层甲板横向弯曲刚度偏弱的特点,探讨在2层大跨度单层甲板之间设置若干横向围壁,使其形成大跨度双层箱型甲板,并采用结构有限元数值分析方法对其进行计算,讨论设置横向围壁对大跨度双层甲板弯曲特性的影响.文中给出横向围壁间距与大跨度双层甲板变形和应力的关系曲线,引入了用于横向围壁结构初步设计的横向围壁载荷与其间距关系的有效承载系数.研究结果表明:设置横向围壁的大跨度双层甲板,可解决大跨度单层甲板横向弯曲刚度偏弱的问题.     

An advanced theory of thin-walled girders with application to ship vibrations

The paper presents an outline of the advanced theory of thin-walled girders. The improvement includes shear influence on torsion as an extension of shear influence on bending. The analogy between bending and torsion is recognized and pointed out throughout the paper. Complete differential equations of coupled flexural and torsional vibrations for a prismatic girder are derived. In addition, the 8 d.o.f. beam finite element, utilizing the energy approach, is constituted with stiffness and mass matrices, and load vectors. The paper describes determining of geometrical properties of multi-cell open cross-sections by employing the strip element method. Numerical procedures for vibration analyses are outlined. Furthermore, dry natural vibrations of a VLCS (Very Large Container Ship) are analysed by 1D FEM model as a prerogative for hydroelastic analyses of these relatively flexible vessels. Influence of transverse bulkheads is taken into account by increasing torsional stiffness of the ship hull proportionally to their deformation energies. Validation of 1D FEM model is checked by correlation analysis with the vibration response of the fine 3D FEM model.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

舱室爆炸载荷作用下舷侧防护结构的响应研究

文章对舱室爆炸载荷作用下舷侧防护结构的响应进行了研究,对防护结构的破坏形式、纵舱壁的响应等进行了详细分析.在舱室爆炸载荷作用下,防护结构中以膨胀舱的受损程度最为严重,液舱往里结构受损程度较轻.受膨胀舱中隔板间距疏密影响的,主要是膨胀舱中甲板及横舱壁,液舱往里结构所受影响很小.     

基于NURBS表达的主船体虚拟分舱及舱容计算

在船体曲面、甲板面NURBS表达和内底内壳多面体表达,有效的平面与曲面求交算法和几何特性计算方法基础上,给出了任意形状舱室的舱容计算方法.根据围闭舱室的几何元素(舱壁、甲板、船体曲面或内底和内壳)不同,将舱室分为12种基本形状,只需要船体曲面的型值信息、舱壁位置或折点信息以及内底和内壳的折点位置信息,即可进行参数化虚拟分舱和舱容计算,避免繁琐的舱室型值信息的人工输入,减少人工工作量,提高工作效率.该方法可以计算任意液面包括任意倾斜液面下的舱容,计算结果精确,方法简洁,为船舶3D参数化设计奠定基础.