上海港船舶污染事故风险评估研究

对船舶污染事故风险进行评估,提高预防能力,对确保港口生产、保护城市安全有重要意义。综合分析了近10年来上海港发生的船舶污染事故,提出了船舶污染事故风险评估的步骤、等级确定和评估标准。提出了加强船舶污染事故预控能力的对策。以最大程度地消除事故隐患。     

港口码头水上溢油事故应急能力建设评估方法应用

港口码头合理配备应急资源和规范应急能力建设对提高我国水上溢油事故风险应急处置能力、保护我国水域环境具有重要意义.结合最新发布或修订的《水上溢油事故环境风险评价技术导则》和《港口码头水上污染事故应急防备能力要求》等标准、规范,以盘锦港码头水上溢油事故为例,按照三级应急防备的设计思路,对港口码头水上溢油事故应急能力建设情况进行评估.结果表明,该方法能实现对港口码头水上溢油环境风险应急能力建设的科学有效评估,可供港口码头的应急能力建设参考.     

基于连续型信息熵的海上突发事件应急资源配置量研究

针对海上突发事件救援对应急资源的需求,使得岸上储备基地的应急资源配置量维持在合理水平内,本文结合海况、灾情演变等因素,综合考虑储备基地所辖事故区域内应急资源配置过量或不足产生的总成本,构建了基于连续型信息熵的应急资源配置量模型,通过算例对模型的有效性进行验证,并进行决策者风险偏好和最优配置量之间的灵敏度分析。研究结果表明,基于连续型随机变量的信息熵模型可为决策者提供应急资源的最优配置量,并且最优配置量随决策者风险偏好的不同趋于稳定。     

渤海海域船舶溢油风险评估

为避免海域遭受污染,通过建立模糊综合评判模型,运用模糊综合评判法对渤海海域船舶溢油风险进行评估,以确定渤海海域船舶溢油的主要危险源、发生溢油可能性最大的港口水域及船舶溢油造成的危险程度,从而为合理地配置有限的船舶溢油应急资源和实施风险决策提供一定依据,将目前事故后的危机管理改变为预防性的风险管理。     

港口区域应急保障能力现状分析与对策研究

基于港口区域应急保障能力调查,分析了港口区域不同作业类型对应的重大事故风险,提出了应对事故风险的港口应急能力建设要求,从内部应急资源、外部应急资源、应急队伍建设、运行机制等方面分析了现状与需求的差距,提出了后续建设重点及相应的对策措施,指导了港口区域应急保障能力提升工作。     

完善深圳海域溢油应急处置体系

为完善深圳海域溢油事故应急处置体系,增强海事部门应急处置能力,分析大连新港输油管道爆炸事故溢油应急处置过程中存在的问题,客观评估深圳海域溢油风险及应急体系能力,认为深圳海域溢油污染风险较高,溢油应急体系缺乏人才和设备,难以满足深圳高溢油污染风险的应对要求,并提出完善深圳海域溢油应急体系建议：推动建立区域应急联运机制,实现协同发展;建立清污协会会员制,整合应急资源;建立应急设备库,提供技术支持。     

区域性港口重大危险源安全监管系统

为加强港口区域内重大危险源的日常管理,提高港口行政部门对危险源的监管水平和事故应急反应处理能力,通过分析危险货物港口作业现状,研究港口行政管理部门现有港口安全监管模式,探讨改进港口重大危险源安全监管的方式,阐述区域性港口重大危险源安全监管系统的设计和开发,认为改进港口重大危险源的动态监管和应急管理方式,提高港口重大危险源的监管水平和应急能力,对促进危险货物港口作业安全和重大事故应急有重要意义,可最大限度地消除、减少危险化学品重大事故的发生及降低危害程度。     

浅谈防城港船舶溢油污染风险预测和防范对策

海洋污染危及到人民的生命健康和国家经济的发展。鉴于海洋污染的突发性和所造成的社会影响性,以及在善后处理中遇到的困难程度,文中分析了防城港水域船舶溢油污染风险和溢油污染应急工作面临的主要问题,并就防止和控制污染事故发生、提高辖区溢油应急能力的提出对策及建议。     

论琼州海峡溢油应急能力的建设

琼州海峡船舶流量大,通航环境复杂,海洋资源丰富,生态保护区多。基于近几年发生的事故统计,分析琼州海峡潜在的溢油风险,并对琼州海峡目前的溢油应急能力现状进行评估总结,最后就如何提高琼州海峡溢油应急能力提出相应的对策和建议,以期有效应对琼州海峡油污事故的发生。     

贵港发布船舶污染事故应急预案

最近，贵港市人民政府发布《贵港市船舶污染事故应急预案》，这项预案适用于在贵港辖区发生船舶污染事故时的应急处置工作，预案明确了组织指挥体系及职责、事故报告、应急响应、应急保障、事故评估与决策、行动措施、善后处理等内容。这项预案的发布对提高贵港市在辖区内发生船舶污染事故时的应急反应能力，以及应急处置水平起到了积极促进作用。     

海上信息栅格资源形式化描述的研究

海上信息栅格将网格技术与海军作战环境相结合,资源发现是海上信息栅格的三大关键性技术之一。而对网格资源进行合理的描述则是资源发现、管理的前提,作者分析了栅格系统对资源描述的要求,提出了一种通用资源描述模型,并结合海军作战环境,利用EBNF范式对海上信息栅格的资源属性进行了形式化定义,规范了资源描述,同时对可扩充性也进行了初步的探讨,为下一步在具体系统中的应用打下了基础。     

造船资源管理与配置研究

在界定造船资源的基础上,建立了造船资源能力与负荷管理模型,该模型分为造船资源维护、基于ISWBS任务包组的造船负荷计算、造船资源平衡、作业流程与负荷采集点设置四个功能区.文章重点针对基于ISWBS的造船资源配置策略进行了详细的建模阐述,并进行了资源配置应用分析.     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.     

长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源优化配置研究

针对长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源配置中存在的问题和自身特点,从应急系统中应急资源的投入产出的整体相对效率考虑,运用数据包络分析(DEA)对长江危险品交通事故应急资源配置效率进行评价,在此基础上,用神经网络对评价所得数据进行训练,并对生成方案的效果进行预测,从而获得全局最优的危险品交通事故应急资源优化配置方案,为目前长江危险品船舶交通事故应急资源的科学配置提供了重要的参考依据。     

An application of centralized data envelopment analysis in resource allocation in container terminal operations

This paper presents an application of centralized data envelopment analysis (CDEA) to analyse the performance of a number of container terminals supervised by one liner shipping company. It provides a systematic and centralized perspective of resource reallocation based on one company’s perspective. The numerical results show that two of the five dedicated terminals are, by and large, efficient, but the other three need resources to be reallocated. Under the minor adjustment scenario, the liner shipping company should reduce the aggregated amount of the labour cost and the hauling equipment should be transferred to different terminals in America. Under the major adjustment scenario, both the labour and hauling equipment could be reduced.     

公路工程造价投资控制现状与对策

分析了现阶段公路工程建设造价投资控制现状及存在的问题,结合国外先进投资理念,针对决策阶段、建设阶段、运营阶段造价控制提出对策。根据国家交通运输＂十二五＂发展规划,提出了全寿命成本理念及交通建设节约资源、有效利用土地资源的新理念。     

谈FSA在海事现场监管模式中的应用

文中从优化行政成本与安全效益之间的费效比的角度,将风险管理理论工具安全评估方法体系（FSA）应用到海事现场网格化的监管工作k ,探讨构建一个新的海事现场监管模式,进一步优化资源配置,实现风险闭环管理.     

An analysis of the overcapacity problem under the decentralized management system of container ports in Japan

This article is concerned with an analytical summary of how the Japanese container ports have been taking place overcapacity problem in a systematic way. It focuses on institutional aspects of the overcapacity problem from the viewpoint of accounting cost and opportunity cost. The first issue arises due to the port authority's accounting system and insufficient disclosures of financial statements of port business to the port users and taxpayers. The second issue is inherently related to resource allocation between the state government and local governments through the budget system and income distribution programmes. Since a proper allocation of economic resources in the port sector as a whole will depend on investment decisions being taken within a coherent framework for ensuring that costs are passed on to port users, these issues are closely related to each other in reality. Although the budget system is completely controlled by the state government, the local governments have authoritative power over port planning, financing, and management, which is assured by the Ports and Harbours Law. The overcapacity problem appears to be an inevitable result.     

An analysis of the overcapacity problem under the decentralized management system of container ports in Japan

This article is concerned with an analytical summary of how the Japanese container ports have been taking place overcapacity problem in a systematic way. It focuses on institutional aspects of the overcapacity problem from the viewpoint of accounting cost and opportunity cost. The first issue arises due to the port authority's accounting system and insufficient disclosures of financial statements of port business to the port users and taxpayers. The second issue is inherently related to resource allocation between the state government and local governments through the budget system and income distribution programmes. Since a proper allocation of economic resources in the port sector as a whole will depend on investment decisions being taken within a coherent framework for ensuring that costs are passed on to port users, these issues are closely related to each other in reality. Although the budget system is completely controlled by the state government, the local governments have authoritative power over port planning, financing, and management, which is assured by the Ports and Harbours Law. The overcapacity problem appears to be an inevitable result.     

Building Philippine Local Government Capacity for Coastal Resource Management

The responsibility for managing coral reefs and other coastal resources was largely devolved to coastal municipalities and cities in the Philippines in 1991 with the passage of the Local Government Code. Devolution of powers and responsibilities to local government has paved the way for mainstreaming coastal resource management at the local level. However, the capacity to carry out this mandate has only recently begun to mature as municipalities and cities gain an increased awareness of the importance of coastal resources to communities and economic development. Approaches and strategies to increase local government capacity for coastal resource management are described based on the experiences of the Coastal Resource Management Project of the United States Agency for International Development. Qualitative and quantitative data are used to illustrate the possible impact of these capacity building efforts and to describe the current capacity of local government to undertake coastal resource management. After five years of project implementation, coastal municipalities have increased technical capacity, have allotted financial resources, and have achieved key performance benchmarks in the delivery of coastal resource management as a basic service.