城市立体交叉小净距隧道施工实践

本文结合泉州市大坪山隧道与既有高速公路隧道接近施工的工程实践,介绍了接近施工中施工方案的选择、钻爆设计方案选择及其施工中的注意事项.     

某公路改扩建工程的施工方案选择研究

为了进一步改善交通环境,以某公路改扩建工程为例,研究该工程的土石方施工方案选择、填筑施工方案选择、涵洞工程施工方案选择、防护工程施工方案选择、桥梁施工方案选择,以此为类似公路改扩建工程施工提供参考。     

浅谈高地应力软弱围岩施工的关键技术

针对乌鞘岭隧道工期紧、高地应力影响的施工段长等特点,文章从施工与设计相结合的角度,对施工的控制标准、开挖断面选择、微差弱爆破技术、支护类型选择及监控量测等关键技术作了探讨.     

我国铁路隧道施工方法及适应性研究

文章分析比较了当前铁路隧道施工中可供选择的施工方法,提出了在当前铁路建设形势下应综合考虑的社会经济条件、环境交通条件和隧道地质条件等各种因素,本着"经济适用、因地制宜、安全可靠、绿色环保"的原则选择施工方法、配置施工机械,并指出现阶段国内铁路隧道技术发展应注重的几个问题.     

给排水管道穿越线路的顶管施工技术的研究

结合工程实例,叙述了给排水管道穿越铁路线路的顶管施工技术。着重叙述了顶管施工方法的选择、线路的加固、工作坑的施工以及管道的顶进。     

公路施工中的软土路基施工技术研究

为有效解决软土路基施工中的技术难题,确保交通安全、促进公路交通的可持续发展,探讨软土路基施工技术选择方法,对主要软土路基施工技术进行分析,并提出施工设备与工艺选择等相关建议,以期为软土路基施工提供参考。     

海底管道施工方法研究

随着国内外海洋油气资源的不断开发和利用,海底管道项目越来越多,对管道施工方法选择和铺设技术要求也越来越高。施工方法的选择需要综合评价,需要从技术、经济、工期等因素综合考虑。主要阐述海底管道概况、海底管道施工方法、施工方法比较及实际应用。通过对海底管道不同施工方法的比较,给以后的海底管道施工工作提供更大的帮助。通过对中缅原油管道工程海底管道施工方法的比较,更加深了对海底管道施工方法的认识。     

大面积陆域形成后的真空预压典型施工要点分析

为了较好地进行码头工程陆域和吹填造地等大面积陆域形成后的软基处理,主要从地基处理要求及卸载标准、真空预压施工流程、典型施工目的、典型施工区域选择、典型施工区域施工机械设备的选择及材料要求等视角对某工程的真空预压典型施工进行分析,总结归纳典型施工的要点,望对相同类型的典型施工起到借鉴和参考作用。     

盾构始发与到达方法综述

国内外施工实例证明盾构隧道始发与到达段掘进是施工最容易出现问题的地方。盾构始发与到达掘进是盾构工法建造隧道的关键工序,该工序施工直接关系到周边建筑物及施工安全。文章分析了不同盾构始发与到达方法的特点,以及如何根据地质条件、盾构类型、洞门密封形式等选择合适的始发与到达方法,并提出了施工过程中需要注意的问题,以期对正确选择盾构始发与到达方法、减少工程事故有所帮助。     

水泥稳定碎石配合比设计及施工控制

结合柳州龙屯路立交桥道路施工,从原材料选择与试验、配合比设计、施工质量的变异性及采用的控制措施等方面,阐述了水泥稳定碎石配合比设计及施工控制要点。     

Development and evaluation of a knowledge-based system for traffic congestion management and control

This paper describes a real-time knowledge-based system (KBS) for decision support to Traffic Operation Center personnel in the selection of integrated traffic control plans after the occurrence of non-recurring congestion, on freeway and arterial networks. The uniqueness of the system, called TCM, lies in its ability to cooperate with the operator, by handling different sources of input data and inferred knowledge, and providing an explanation of its reasoning process. A data fusion algorithm for the analysis of congestion allows to represent and interpret different types of data, with various levels of reliability and uncertainty, to provide a clear assessment of traffic conditions. An efficient algorithm for the selection of control plans determines alternative traffic control responses. These are proposed to an operator, along with an explanation of the reasoning process that led to their development and an estimation of their expected effect on traffic. The validation of the system, which is one of only few examples of validation of a KBS in transportation, demonstrates the validity of the approach. The evaluation results, in a simulated environment demonstrate the ability of TCM to reduce congestion, through the formulation of traffic diversion and control schemes.     

中开线春亭段输气管线变形失效分析

就中开线春亭段输气管线在检修维护中发现的内层管道截面非正常变形问题进行了分析研究。排查了引起管道变形失效的主要因素,对管线改建过程中的关键施工环节对内管外压失稳的作用作了分析与验证。分析表明:该管线的变形失效是在加套管过程中工艺安排不当所致,在施工过程的试压期间引起了内管的外压失稳,使内管产生永久的变形。同时给出了该类管线在设计、制造和检验过程应注意的问题和建议。     

国外铁路运营安全效益评价现状及启示

铁路运输在国民经济运行中发挥着重要作用,各国铁路公司都非常重视对铁路运营、安全、效益的管理及评价。国外铁路经过两个世纪的发展,积累了丰富经验,通过分析美国、日本、欧洲等国家和地区的普速、高速铁路,在运营效率评价、运营安全评价、服务质量评价、经营效益评价、安全保障法律法规建设和第三方评价机构发展等方面的现状,从客户服务质量评价、安全评价标准体系建立、效率效益导向的经营效益评价机制建设、第三方专业评价机构发展等维度,总结对我国高速铁路运营安全效益评价的经验借鉴及启示。     

Travel-based multitasking: review of the role of digital activities and connectivity

ABSTRACT

Travel-based multitasking, also referred to as travel time use, is now a well-established concept, whose existence is supported by the technological trajectories, with mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) and vehicle automation working together to allow travel time to be more productive and enjoyable. Despite existence of reviews of travel-time multitasking studies, the systematic overview of the role digital activities, i.e. those that necessarily require modern ICT equipment to participate, has been limited, often wrapped under the umbrella term “use of ICT”, potentially obscuring their complexity and sophistication. Similarly, the role of connectivity and its attributes, e.g. speed (bandwidth), reliability, price, ease of use, data allowance or security, deserves a more systematic overview given its key role in enabling digital online activities and hence the travel-based multitasking options. This paper provides a review of 77 empirical travel-based multitasking-studies that explored the role of digital activities or connectivity. In particular, the review discusses the existing typologies of digital activities, dividing them into hardware-centric, function-centric or a combination of both (mixed). Subsequently, key contributions are discussed with respect to the treatment of digital activities and connectivity and its attributes. Based on the review, it is possible to observe that the existing studies have looked only at a handful of rather restricted online activities that do not sufficiently capture the sophistication with which individuals interact with the virtual world nowadays. Furthermore, the role of connectivity, although deeply embedded in the “C” of the “ICT” concept, has not been looked at or modelled in any detail in studies related to travel time use or its quality. This existing shortcoming might have resulted in an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms driving travel time use, the associated experience indicators of customer satisfaction, productivity or the consequences for relative attractiveness of transport modes. All of these considerations remain, however, crucial for designing, appraising and operating transport infrastructure and services that are able to take the advantage of lifestyle digitisation to meet the increasing customer needs while also delivering broader economic, social benefits and possibly also environmental benefits.     

Multilevel analysis of daily time use and time allocation to activity types accounting for complex covariance structures using correlated random effects

In this paper multilevel analysis is used to study individual choices of time allocation to maintenance, subsistence, leisure, and travel time exploiting the nested data hierarchy of households, persons, and occasions of measurement. The multilevel models in this paper examine the joint and multivariate correlation structure of four dependent variables in a cross-sectional and longitudinal way. In this way, observed and unobserved heterogeneity are estimated using random effects at the household, person, and temporal levels. In addition, random coefficients associated with explanatory variables are also estimated and correlated with these random effects. Using the wide spectrum of options offered by multilevel models to account for individual and group heterogeneity, complex interdependencies among individuals within their households, within themselves over time, and within themselves but across different indicators of behavior, are analyzed. Findings in this analysis include large variance contribution by each level considered, clear evidence of non-linear dynamic behavior in time-allocation, different trajectories of change in time allocation for each of the four dependent variables used, and lack of symmetry in change over time characterized by different trajectories in the longitudinal evolution of each dependent variable. In addition, the multivariate correlation structure among the four dependent variables is different at each of the three levels of analysis.     

铁路隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术北大核心CSCD

隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法是以全工序高效率大型机械配套为基础,用以解决复杂山区长大山岭隧道安全、优质、高效及经济等施工问题的一种技术方法。文章从隧道设计角度论述了钻爆法机械化修建面临的掌子面安全控制与洞身段变形控制两大关键挑战,并总结了以机械化全断面全地质型施工技术、掌子面稳定性评价方法、掌子面超前主动支护技术、掌子面超前支护“定量化”精准设计技术、低预应力锚杆主动支护技术、早高强喷混凝土主动支护技术、初期支护快速成环封闭技术、围岩形变压力计算方法等为核心的隧道钻爆法机械化修建设计关键技术,为推广应用隧道钻爆法机械化修建方法提供技术支撑。     

The future of trucking technology in Brazil: results of a technology forecasting model

Abstract

The aim of this article is to identify a set of technological events related to the Brazilian truck fleet that are well placed hierarchically regarding their possibility of occurrence and pertinence for the horizon year of 2021. For this we propose and apply a Technology Forecasting Model for trucks (called TFM/Trucks) based on the Delphi technique, considering 28 technological events associated with six internal forecasting dimensions: safety, efficient use of energy and alternative fuels, materials technology, operational schemes, comfort and environment. The ranking of the technological events, considering hypothetical situations for analysis, indicate significant concern over the safety dimension, with four of the five events (passive safety and active safety) classified among the 10 events with the greatest chance of occurring and pertinence, irrespective of the panelists' degree of specialization. The environmental dimension, with respect to the predominance of electric powered trucks with lower level of atmospheric pollutants, was always in one of the first two positions, regardless of the situation studied. In the final ranking, the five best-classified events represented the dimensions of safety, environment, materials technology and comfort, with environment and passive safety predominating.     

影响含有凹痕管道运行寿命的因素研究

国外管道设计标准普遍采用凹痕深度对管道凹痕是否需要修复进行评估,但是,很多满足标准中凹痕深度要求的凹痕仍会发生失效。因此,国外许多研究机构对含有凹痕的管道进行了大量的试验研究。通过比较现场和试验数据,并使用计算软件对管道的压力进行分析,试图从各个方面找出影响含有凹痕的管道运行寿命的因素。文中对此进行了总结,介绍了凹痕长度、凹痕深度、凹痕肩部坡度、凹痕尖度、管道几何形状、管道材料、运行压力、焊缝、壁厚变薄对管道上凹痕疲劳行为的影响。最后得出了结论．并提出建议。     

Activity–travel behaviour of non-workers from Bangalore City in India

This paper presents exploratory and statistical analyses of the activity–travel behaviour of non-workers in Bangalore city in India. The study summarises the socio-demographic characteristics as well as the activity–travel behaviour of non-workers using a primary activity–travel survey data collected by the authors. Where possible, the research also compares the analysis findings with the case studies on activity–travel behaviour of non-workers, carried out in developed and developing countries. This gives an opportunity to understand the differences/similarities in the activity–travel behaviour of non-workers across diverse socio-cultural settings. The preliminary exploratory analysis shed light on the differences in activity participation, trip chaining, time-of-day preference for trip departure, and mode use behaviour of non-workers in Bangalore city. Statistical models were developed for investigating the effects of individual and household socio-demographics, land use parameters, and travel context attributes on activity participation, trip chaining, time-of-day choice, and mode choice decisions of non-workers. A few important results of the analysis are the influence of viewing television at home on out-of-home activity participation and trip-chaining behaviour, and the impact of in-home maintenance activity duration on time-of-day choice. Further, based on the findings of the initial analyses, an attempt has been made in this study to develop an integrated model that links time allocation, time-of-day choice, and trip chaining behaviour of non-workers. The study also discusses the implications of the research findings for transportation planning and policy for Bangalore city.     

Transit-network design methodology for actual-size road networks

The main purpose of this study is to design a transit network of routes for handling actual-size road networks. This transit-network design problem is known to be complex and cumbersome. Thus, a heuristic methodology is proposed, taking into account the major concerns of transit authorities such as budget constraints, level-of-service standards and the attractiveness of the transit routes. In addition, this approach considers other important aspects of the problem including categorization of stops, multiclass of transit vehicles, hierarchy planning, system capacity (which has been largely ignored in past studies) and the integration between route-design and frequency-setting analyses. The process developed starts with the construction of a set of potential stops using a clustering concept. Then, by the use of Newton gravity theory and a special shortest-path procedure, a set of candidate routes is formed, categorized by hierarchy (mass, feeder, local routes). In the last step of the process a metaheuristic search engine is launched over the candidate routes, incorporating budgetary constraints, until a good solution is found. The algorithm was tested on the actual-size transit network of the city of Winnipeg; the results show that under the same conditions (budget and constraints) the proposed set of routes resulted in a reduction of 14% of total travel time compared to the existing transit network. In addition the methodology developed is compared favorably with other studies using the transit network of Mandl benchmark. The generality of the methodology was tested on the recent real dataset (pertaining to the year 2010) of the larger city of Chicago, in which a more efficient and optimized scheme was proposed for the existing rail system.