基于轴载谱的高速公路超载系数研究

针对目前路面设计中车型替代换算方法预算累计当量轴次无法考虑超载因素而导致路面使用寿命较短的问题,该文基于陕西省典型高速路段实测轴载称重数据提出轴载谱换算方法,并与现行设计中常用的车型替代换算方法进行对比,推荐出陕西省的超载系数为1.6,使得在缺乏实测轴载数据的情况下运用车型替代换算方法预算累计当量轴次依然能够客观反映实际交通状况.     

基于轴载谱的公路货运运力结构预测研究

针对传统数据采集和研究模式中的不足,论文提出了基于车辆轴型分类的车辆轴载谱来分析高等级公路车流轴载、公路货运车辆运营成本和超限严格管制下公路货运运力结构预测的新方法,其基本思路为按轴型和车辆载重状态划分车型、开展轴载和交通量调查、计算不同车型的轴载谱、对各车型各轴型的轴载谱进行Gauss曲线拟合、再根据拟合函数进行车辆轴载、运营成本和运力结构的计算,文中还结合世行安徽公路项目II(超载运输课题研究)进行了实际应用。     

适合我国高速公路交通荷载特性的轴载谱参数分析

在传统的路面结构设计方法中是将混和交通换算成当量轴载作用次数(ESAL),这将不可避免的带来误差。使用轴载谱的方法可以更精确的分析交通荷载对路面的破坏作用。该研究针对我国高速公路的交通荷载特性,将车辆按其轴载组成划分为11种不同车型,这11种车型占总交通流量的99%以上,适用于我国情况且使用简单。收集了江苏省某高速公路从2004年到2006年所有车辆的动态称重数据,按新的车辆分类方法确定了其轴载谱参数,包括车辆类型分布系数、月调节系数、小时分布系数、轴数系数和轴载分布系数,供路面结构分析和设计参考。     

某三轴载货车轴荷的优化设计

某三轴载货车在实际行驶时,出现了转向沉重、轮胎磨损严重等问题,究其原因是一、二桥轴荷相差大造成的。为了彻底解决双前桥轴荷不一致造成的影响,根据工程实际经验,本文利用一种轴荷计算方法,并结合企业实际情况,对车辆出现的问题提出了简单而有效的优化方案。优化后车辆的实测轴荷与理论计算值一致,且一、二桥的轴荷几乎相等,此方法的应用为同类车型的开发提供了设计依据。     

改扩建道路路面评估体系

通过对天津市滨海新区几条有代表性的干线道路的路面结构及交通组成的调查,确定该区域代表车型及荷载分布范围,同时通过力学计算,明确路面结构对轴载变化最敏感的范围,最后讨论了轴载变化对轴次换算、弯沉等路面设计指标的影响,确定了天津市滨海新区重载交通标准轴载,并提出了一种标准轴载的论证思路。     

半刚性基层沥青路面重载标准的论证

该文通过对天津市滨海新区几条有代表性的干线道路的路面结构及交通组成的调查,确定该区域代表车型及荷载分布范围,同时通过力学计算,明确路面结构对轴载变化最敏感的范围,最后讨论了轴载变化对轴次换算、弯沉等路面设计指标的影响,确定了天津市滨海新区重载交通标准轴载,并提出了一种标准轴载的论证思路。     

代替17.5米大板车成为下一个热门车型? 争议中的中置轴平板车

2019年以来,国内运输市场出现了一款新车型——中置轴平板车,按照记者的理解它是中置轴货车列车的引申产品。据了解,该车型在上半年就已出现,到了下半年因安吉日邮一次性采购120辆该车型之后开始走红。     

基于车辆轴型分类的公路货运车辆运营成本研究

针对目前公路货运车辆运营成本分析中车型分类与装载量确定方法的不足,提出了基于车辆轴型分类的运营成本研究模式,在按轴型划分的交通量和轴载调查的基础上通过建立轴载分布模型确定分析车型与其装载量,并根据政府政策和车辆装载量的影响程度分类统计分析车型的单位运营成本。使用安徽省调查数据推导出了公路货运车辆运营成本与装载量之间的经验公式。结果表明:该省公路货运车辆的平均单位运营成本在0.253-0.756元/t·km之间,与市场运价基本一致。     

高速公路收费模式调整对货车车型设计的影响

2020年我国高速公路收费模式由计重收费改为按车（轴）型收费,本文基于此背景,结合近年来高速公路各轴型货车车流量占比变化等数据,揭示收费模式调整给货车空驶、载重、车型结构分布等带来的影响,分析货车车型设计应对收费模式改变的合理方案,预测未来我国货车车型的发展趋势。     

内蒙古西部地区高速公路轴载谱分析

为更加适应最新规范在路面结构设计中分析交通轴载对路面使用性能的影响,采用WIM(车辆动态称重技术)获取2015~2017年内蒙古西部地区高速公路22个代表性断面车辆的动态称重数据,分析了各类车各个轴型其轴载谱参数,得到内蒙古西部地区高速公路上2、3、7、9、10类5种车型所占的比例高达95%;各类车的单轴单胎的轴数系数均很大,其中6类车和10类车能达到2.00;8种车型的月分布系数存在较大的区别且同一类型车辆存在差异变化;不同车型在各条高速公路中交通量小时分布系数差异性非常大,其中8~10类大型货车主要集中在夜间行驶,晚间0:00以后交通量达到最大值;8~10类车中三联轴的超载情况比较严重,轴载谱右边的峰值所占的比例明显要比左边的峰值高。     

Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety

ABSTRACT

This paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well.     

Optimal Suspension Parameter Distributions and Roadway Profiles for Isolation of Heavy Trucks

Heavy trucks are known to have ride problems and are difficult to isolate from roadway unevenness. Heavy trucks are rich in modal density and are stiffly sprung, a combination that makes isolation difficult. Due to their inherent mass, trucks create roadway unevenness as they move along a roadway. Each following truck is excited by the unevenness created by the preceding one, and the road condition worsens over time. It is shown that trucks create roadway profiles from which perfect isolation is possible by having the proper parameter distribution in the suspension units. One distribution is best for rigid body isolation and one is best for 'beaming' isolation.     

EQ2110G汽车新疆塔里木沙漠地区的通过性研究

本文根据新疆塔克拉玛甘沙漠地区的特点，分析研究了沙漠地区汽车行驶的特殊要求及结构特性。根据沙漠地区汽车通过性理论研究了ＥＱ２１０Ｇ的沙漠地区牵引通过性，并与ＢＥＮＺ１７００汽车作了对比试验。给出了两种类型汽车在塔克拉玛甘沙漠地区的试验结果。     

A Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Steering Locomotive Trucks

The primary purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the self-steering trucks that are commonly used for freight locomotives – namely, EMD's Radial Truck and GE's Steerable Truck – on improving curving performance and increasing adhesion in curves. Although there exists a number of anecdotal statements on the ability of steerable trucks to reduce curving forces and increase adhesion in curves, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no study that provides a qualitative or quantitative analysis of these features of steerable trucks. Two aspects of locomotive trucks are essential for their ability to deliver small curving forces and high adhesion in curves. First, the ability to allow the axles to yaw sufficiently relative to the truck frames, such that they can hold a small angle of attack with the rail. Second, providing sufficiently large longitudinal stiffness between the end axles and the axles and truck frame, to accommodate high adhesions. An equivalent stiffness analysis is used to show that the two steerable trucks that are considered for this study are far superior to conventional, three-axle, straight trucks in providing both a smaller angle of attack and a higher longitudinal stiffness for better curving and adhesion characteristics. The qualitative analysis of this study agrees with the experience the railroads have had with their self-steering trucks. The findings of this study indicate that self-steering trucks can result in lower lateral forces, accommodate tighter curves, and deliver higher adhesion in curves; without lowering the critical hunting speed of the locomotive. The results further show that the steering mechanism stiffness can have a large effect on the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw stiffness between the end axles; therefore, significantly lowering curving forces, and increasing adhesion and critical hunting speed of the truck.     

道路综合养护车现状及产品开发研究

对当前主流道路综合养护车的优缺点及使用状况进行了全面的剖析,提出了开发道路综合养护车系统产品的新思路,并对道路综合养护车开发过程中常见问题进行了分析.     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.     

A Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-Steering Locomotive Trucks

The primary purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative analysis of the dynamics of the self-steering trucks that are commonly used for freight locomotives - namely, EMD's Radial Truck and GE's Steerable Truck - on improving curving performance and increasing adhesion in curves. Although there exists a number of anecdotal statements on the ability of steerable trucks to reduce curving forces and increase adhesion in curves, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no study that provides a qualitative or quantitative analysis of these features of steerable trucks. Two aspects of locomotive trucks are essential for their ability to deliver small curving forces and high adhesion in curves. First, the ability to allow the axles to yaw sufficiently relative to the truck frames, such that they can hold a small angle of attack with the rail. Second, providing sufficiently large longitudinal stiffness between the end axles and the axles and truck frame, to accommodate high adhesions. An equivalent stiffness analysis is used to show that the two steerable trucks that are considered for this study are far superior to conventional, three-axle, straight trucks in providing both a smaller angle of attack and a higher longitudinal stiffness for better curving and adhesion characteristics. The qualitative analysis of this study agrees with the experience the railroads have had with their self-steering trucks. The findings of this study indicate that self-steering trucks can result in lower lateral forces, accommodate tighter curves, and deliver higher adhesion in curves; without lowering the critical hunting speed of the locomotive. The results further show that the steering mechanism stiffness can have a large effect on the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw stiffness between the end axles; therefore, significantly lowering curving forces, and increasing adhesion and critical hunting speed of the truck.     

双燃料卡车：寻求技术与市场突破

随着商用车排放标准不断升级,具有成本、环保优势的天然气卡车近年来受到了用户和企业的关注,但受限于续驶里程较短、加气站分布不够广泛和均匀,目前天然气卡车大范围推广还存在较大难度。此时,柴油-天然气双燃料卡车应运而生。     

高速公路货车不规范过秤模拟试验及质量恢复方法

为了有效降低高速公路货车不规范过秤造成的巨大经济损失,分析了货车不规范过秤的方式,并对货车不规范过秤行为进行力学计算分析,在此基础上开展了货车大量实地模拟试验,提出了质量恢复方法和数学模型,研发出了一套质量恢复应用程序,并在高速公路收费站进行了实际应用验证。结果表明:该数学计算模型质量恢复效果显著,质量恢复方法可行,平均每辆货车恢复质量为1 283 kg,明显提高了高速公路动态称重设备防止跳秤和冲秤的能力。     

基于非参数假设检验的高速公路车辆分类研究

为获得高速公路车辆分类的量化方法,根据典型测点的各车型轴载谱数据,归纳了高速公路的主要车型,并研究了高速公路车辆分类方法。采用2个独立样本的非参数假设检验,研究了客车与各型货车前轴及单后轴的称重数据是否来自同一总体,在此基础上,采用多个独立样本的非参数假设检验方法研究了各型货车间相同轴型的称重数据是否来自同一总体。研究表明,各型货车力学特性接近,属于同一大类型;而客车与货车的力学特性差异明显,因此可将客车与货车划分为两大类型。非参数假设检验方法为高速公路车辆划分提供了量化的依据。