汽车故障诊断——汽车工程师认证培训教材连载之二十一

（接2009年第11期）2．4．5．5汽车电源电路波形汽车电源电路主要指发电机、蓄电池和控制电脑参考电源等电路的波形，包括发电机输出交流纹波波形、蓄电池启动电流波形等。     

纹波电流加热技术及对新能源汽车性能的影响

在新能源汽车研发及测试过程中,有些性能参数的测试如纹波电流/电压等过去并未被生产厂家重视,但在汽车出口时却至关重要。事实上,纹波电流如果发生异常,不仅影响动力电池及其管理系统的运行品质,严重时甚至会影响整车的安全性能。为此,分析了新能源汽车纹波电流的来源及其对整车性能的影响;探讨了利用纹波电流进行动力电池自加热技术,即利用纹波电流对电池正负极施加交流激励,使电池内部阻抗产生热量,实现电池的交流自加热,从而提升动力电池输出性能、增加新能源汽车续航里程。     

北京牌BJ492Q型汽油发动机换向器式发电机调节器

调节器配套机型型号FT81E 型型式长期额定工作制、防尘式、换向器式汽车直流发电机调节器配套发电机ZF(?)2D 型调节器工作时的电路1.电压调节器触点11闭合时:激磁电流由发电机正极经激磁绕组,磁场接线柱17、轭架,电压调节器触点11、电流限制器触点9、铁芯,平衡电阻8、电枢接线柱15,回到发电机负极。2.电压调节器触点11打开时:激磁电流由发电机正极经激磁绕组,磁场接线柱17,附加电阻12,加速电阻14、铁芯,平衡电阻8、电枢接线柱16,回到发电机负极。3.电流限制器触点9闭合时:激磁电路与电压调节器触点11闭合时的情况相同。4.电流限制触点9打开时:激磁电流由发电机正极经激磁绕组、磁场接线柱17,再分为二路。一路经电压调节器触点11,附加电阻13、电枢接线柱16,回到发电机负极;另一路经附加电阻12、加速电阻14、铁芯、平衡电阻8、电枢接线柱16,回到发电机负极。     

汽车混合励磁爪极发电机电流输出能力分析

采用场路结合分析方法研究混合励磁爪极发电机的电流特性。首先对极间放置永磁体爪极发电机进行三维磁场分析,接着建立爪极发电机的基波等效电路和电流特性的数学描述,以一台爪极发电机为例,讨论混合励磁爪极发电机的电流特性和电流输出能力的提升问题。     

整体式交流发电机的泄漏电流

介绍整体式交流发电机的泄漏电流及其测试方法，分析影响泄漏电流的各种因素，阐述在设计和制造中如何降低泄漏电流。     

MJF-280A型三相交流发电机的检查与修理

在国产长江CJ750系列摩托车上广泛使用的发电机都是MJF-280A型三相交流发电机,该机因重量轻、体积小、结构简单、维修方便快捷、对无线电干扰小、低速充电性能好、故障少且使用寿命长等诸多优点,现已逐步取代MZF-12直流发电机。它额定电压14V,输出功率280W,最大输出电流22A,激磁输出3A,与之配套工作的有GZL-1 -管硅整流器及FT-111交流发电机调节器。下文将着重以MJF-280A型三相交流发电机为主,分别就如何对其检查、拆装及修理子以详述。     

红旗CA7202E3长期停车无法启动

故障现象：一辆红旗车长时间停车，发动机无法启动。短时间停车不会出现此故障，但停车3天以上就会出现。 故障检测：使用万用表测量发电机工作情况，发电机工作正常。关闭发动机，测试系统自放电电流，放电电流为300～500mA，过大。断开20号熔丝，放电电流立刻恢复正常。根据电路图，20号熔丝两个用电端是发电机S端和主继电器。[第一段]     

GS125摩托车发电机测试方法

ＧＳ１２５型四冲程摩托车发电机故障多为发电机输出电流大，致使整流稳压器点火器烧坏，所以发电机测试的科学性和完备性提高产品品质及性能的重要保证。     

汽车交流发电机的建压过程和建压转速

内置整流器和电压调节器的汽车交流发电机，其建压转速是一项重要的性能参数。较低的建压转速表征了汽车交流发电机在怠速状态运行时，亦会有良好的工作性能。本文从汽车交流发电机设计的角度出发，从建压过程说起，分析影响建压转速的各个因素，重点论述设计及制造中如何测量和降低建压转速，以满足产品达到整车配套的技术要求。     

金龙客车发电机故障

有一苏州金龙KLQ6883已行驶20万公里．采用玉柴4112发动机，装用北京佩特莱8LHA3096Uc．28V．110A．发电机，该车发电机充电指示灯不亮．电压表指示低于24Vo发电机“B”端无输出电流．据驾驶员反映曾到修理厂去修理过，更换了发电机调节器．故障还未排除。     

Torque ripple minimization control of permanent magnet synchronous motors for EPS applications

This paper identifies a control method used to reduce torque ripple of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for an electric power steering (EPS) system. NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) is important for safe and convenient driving. Vibration caused by motor torque is a problem in column type EPS systems. Maintaining a very low torque ripple is one solution that allows for smoother steering. Theoretically, it is possible to design and drive the motor without torque ripple. However, in reality, a PMSM system torque ripple is caused by the motor itself (saturation in the iron core and EMF distortion) and the imperfect driver. This paper analyzes torque ripple of a PMSM system, and an advanced PMSM control method for the column typed EPS system is presented. Results of the analysis indicate that the compensation current is needed in order to minimize torque ripple when a PMSM is driven.     

用于实践教学的防夹汽车关窗器设计

针对学生学习汽车电器实践课程内容提升需求,对车窗电机的工作电流信号进行处理,利用电流纹波的周期信号与电流值,设计制作具有防夹功能的开放性汽车关窗器实验装置,可以使学生得到比课本更深入、更直观的车窗防夹知识.     

Brushless PM machine drive in electric and hybrid electric vehicles based on the space vector current control

This paper presents a space vector current controller for a brushless permanent magnet motor in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed current controller selects space vectors based on the sector selection under a three-level hysteresis comparator to decrease the current ripple. The proposed approach can improve the performance of a brushless PM drive such as the average switching frequency and the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with the conventional hysteresis current control. The experiment is performed first to verify the proposed control. Then, the method is implemented in a hybrid electric vehicle simulation model with standard driving cycles based on the control strategy to evaluate the drive performance in the vehicle system. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the presented control can improve the performance of the brushless PM machine drive.     

Boundary conditions of active steering control of independent rotating wheelset based on hub motor and wheel rotating speed difference feedback

The source of torque ripple in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor was analysed. Based on the feedback of the rotating speed difference between the left and right wheels, the error value of torque ripple in an in-wheel motor was calculated. Next, a simulation model of active steering control of an independently rotating wheel (IRW) in an in-wheel motor was developed to investigate effects of torque ripple. The relationship between the accuracy of active steering control of an IRW in an in-wheel motor and wheel/rail profile was derived, and then the boundary conditions of active steering control were obtained. Finally, a method was proposed to improve the active steering control of an IRW by optimising the tread.     

转向管柱带中间轴力矩波动分析与程序设计

介绍三段式转向管柱的力矩波动原理,并利用Matlab进行了通用化程序设计计算。与传统的方法相比简化了工作,为转向系统的力矩波动分析提供了精确实用的方法。根据计算结果,对转向系统的硬点进行优化布置,从而达到最佳的操纵效果。     

改进型保温挠性软管在某重型卡车上的应用

某国六重型卡车排气系统应用单层波纹管+伸缩管的保温软管结构,该结构在整车可靠性试验过程中,两款车型多次出现波纹管断裂问题.经对其结构分析,知现用保温挠性软管刚度过小,在整车运行过程中会发生运动失稳引起波纹管断裂,同时挠性软管两端应力集中引起端边波纹断裂,且波纹管波峰圆角过小(近似尖波)易造成波纹管断裂,故开发改进型保温...     

基于齿槽转矩优化的冷却风扇异响消除

齿槽转矩是永磁电机特有的问题之一,它会使电机产生转矩波动,引起振动噪声问题。为解决采用20槽4极永磁直流电机的车用冷却风扇加减速异响,研究辅助槽位置、形状及尺寸对齿槽转矩的影响,采用合理辅助槽,降低齿槽转矩,解决冷却风扇异响问题。     

摩托车高强度螺栓设计试验及工艺研究(1)

高强度紧固件常见失效形式有装配拉长、疲劳断裂和延迟断裂;常见缺陷有尺寸和形位公差超差、头部折叠、螺纹流线镦断、齿部皱纹、折叠、裂纹和表面渗碳等。对于摩托车高强度螺纹紧固件而言,设计和强度计算很重要,而制造工艺控制更重要。     

Shape design optimization of interior permanent magnet motor for vibration mitigation using level set method

This paper presents a new optimization method to obtain the structural design of permanent magnet motor which can reduce the mechanical vibration. The optimization problem is formulated to minimize a multi-objective function including the mean compliance of the whole stator for maximizing the stiffness under the magnetic force and the torque ripple by aligning torque profiles to a constant target value for maximizing the magnetic performance, with constraint for material usage. The level set function is introduced for representing the structural boundaries and calculating the material properties. A coupled magneto-mechanical analysis is performed to verify the vibration characteristic of the motor system and obtain the design sensitivities. To confirm the usefulness of the proposed design method and to obtain the optimum structural design for low vibration motor, a design example of 20 kW interior permanent magnet motor developed for the power train of a hybrid electric vehicle is provided.     

内燃机进排气系统的数值模拟

随着排放法规的日趋严格和能源的日益紧缺,发动机燃烧过程的优化显得尤为重要。文章利用GT-Power软件建立了某发动机工作过程的仿真模型,应用总变差减少的有限体积法（FVM—TVD）对该发动机的进排气系统进行数值模拟,包括进排气管内流体流速随曲轴转角变化的情况,以及进排气管内的压力波动情况。计算结果表明,动态效应对进排气管内的宏观气流运动有较大的影响。在压力波动和脉动效应等因素的作用下,进排气管内流体的流速和流量均呈波动状变化。