南非象河桥上无缝线路钢轨伸缩力和温度力

象河桥在其全长１０３５ｍ的桥面上铺设了无缝线路。由于桥面受温度变化影响，沿着纵向钢轨与桥面之间产生相对位移，又由于受轨道阻力约束作用，梁轨间将产生相互作用力，其作用于钢轨形成温度伸缩力。     

大轴重重载铁路简支梁桥梁轨相互作用研究

为探明大轴重重载铁路简支梁桥上无缝线路钢轨纵向应力和墩顶水平力的分布规律,以我国在建的30t轴重重载铁路双线32m简支T梁为例进行梁轨相互作用分析。采用ANSYS建立多跨重载简支梁桥-无缝线路一体化分析模型(桥梁与轨道的非线性连接采用非线性杆单元模拟),研究温度和活载作用下钢轨纵向应力与墩顶水平力的分布特点,分析简支梁跨数对纵向力分布的影响。在此基础上,探讨检算钢轨应力时,挠曲力与制动力组合方式的合理性。分析表明:重载铁路简支梁桥上无缝线路钢轨所受纵向应力普遍比客货共线铁路大9.8%~31%;简支梁跨数增加至8跨时,钢轨和墩顶的受力逐渐趋近于稳定;在检算墩顶水平力时,采用挠曲力、制动力耦合的方式进行计算较为安全。     

大跨度梁拱组合桥的梁轨相互作用设计参数研究

为了解梁轨相互作用设计参数对大跨度梁拱组合桥无缝线路的影响,以兰渝线广元段某(82.9+172+82.9)m梁拱组合桥为例,采用ANSYS软件建立了考虑拱肋-吊杆-主梁-桥墩-桩基-轨道梁轨系统一体化有限元模型,分析了拱肋与吊杆升温、纵向阻力模型、吊杆间距、桥墩高度、制动力率、风荷载等参数对钢轨纵向力的传递规律。结果表明:拱肋升温对钢轨应力的影响较大,计算钢轨伸缩力时,按梁体升温15℃考虑较为安全;梁拱组合桥的梁轨相互作用根据《铁路无缝线路设计规范》计算较为安全;钢轨制动力随固定墩高度的增加而增大,固定墩的墩顶水平力与其墩高基本呈线性递减关系;钢轨应力随吊杆间距的增大而增加;钢轨的最大制动拉、压应力和固定墩的墩顶水平力均与制动力率呈线性关系;风荷载作用下,钢轨应力可达5.8 MPa以上,风速较大区域需考虑风荷载对钢轨的影响。     

曲线钢-混凝土结合梁桥的温度应力

基于有限元软件分别对曲线钢-混凝土结合梁桥整体升温25℃和桥面板降温7.5℃进行受力分析。研究在整体升温的温度应力作用下沿桥宽方向桥梁跨中挠度值、桥面板横向位置值、纵向应力值,并给出了整桥的变形云图;降温的温度应力下桥面板沿桥宽方向桥梁跨中挠度值、桥面板横向位置值、混凝土板及钢箱梁底板纵向应力值,同样给出了桥面板及钢箱竖向位移分布云图。通过对曲线钢-混凝土结合梁的有限元分析,说明曲率效应和扭转效应在曲线梁桥计算中是不可忽视的。     

钢轨伸缩调节器对斜拉桥纵向附加力的影响分析

国内外学者对简支梁和连续梁桥上无缝线路的梁轨相互作用进行了大量的研究,而对城市轨道交通斜拉桥桥上无缝线路的梁轨相互作用的研究非常少。文中以上海轨道交通16号线上某斜拉桥(80m+160m+80m)为背景,研究了4种不同钢轨伸缩调节器设置方案对钢轨纵向附加力的影响。研究表明,在斜拉桥两端设置钢轨伸缩力能有效地降低钢轨纵向附加力。在斜拉桥跨中设置伸缩调节器时,因斜拉桥跨度大,不能有效地降低钢轨纵向附加力,工程实际中建议在斜拉桥梁两端设置钢轨调节器。     

圆梁山隧道无缝线路应力放散及锁定技术

无缝线路由于运行平稳、噪声低而被客运专线广泛采用。但无缝线路施工比较复杂,技术要求高,对钢轨应力的放散和锁定控制严格。作者结合自己的工作实践,介绍圆梁山隧道无缝线路施工中的钢轨应力放散与锁定技术,供同行参考。     

ANSYS二次开发在桥上无缝线路中的应用

利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS进行二次开发,采用APDL语言编制了桥上无缝线路纵向附加力计算程序ALFCWR,建立线-桥-墩-基础一体化计算模型,对无缝线路纵向力的计算方法提供一种新的思路。结合工程实际,以客货共线铁路常见的40m＋64m＋40m有碴轨道连续梁为例,分析了在列车制动力作用下,桥墩纵向水平线刚度对钢轨、墩（台）纵向力及梁轨相对位移的影响规律。     

探讨有轨电车无缝线路养护问题

有轨电车无缝线路养护是保障有轨电车运行安全,线路持续高效运转的关键。科学合理的线路养护不仅可以提升轨道性能、优化运营效率,还可以促进环保节能、提高经济效益。本文旨在探讨有轨电车无缝线路施工养护,着重阐述线路锁定轨温、钢轨温度应力放散、轨道应力集中等施工养护问题,并对无缝线路的概念和特点进行介绍,以期为有轨电车无缝线路养护提供一定参考。     

多联大跨连续梁桥上无缝线路纵向附加力规律研究

高速铁路多联大跨连续梁日益增多,而该工况下桥上无缝线路设计经验较少,亟须该种工况下桥上无缝线路纵向附加力变化规律。文中建立了钢轨-扣件阻力-梁体-墩台一体化空间非线性有限元梁轨相互作用模型,并利用ANSYS分析软件进行求解,计算分析了不同扣件阻力及不同桥跨布置工况下桥上无缝线路纵向附加力,并总结出纵向附加力变化规律。     

钢-混凝土组合梁桥早期温度效应试验研究

为了研究混凝土浇筑早期水化反应引起的温度变化对钢混组合梁桥变形和应力的影响,以一简支梁桥为试验对象,测试了混凝土桥面板和钢梁在混凝土浇筑前后温度和应变变化数据,并对钢梁由于温度变化引起的应力进行了解析。分析结果表明:混凝土在凝结硬化过程中温度先升后降,在升温阶段结束后,混凝土板获得足够的刚度来约束钢梁的变形,在降温阶段结束后混凝土桥面板与钢梁变形协调。混凝土板在降温阶段的收缩受到了钢梁顶板的约束,拉应力开始产生。降温阶段结束后混凝土板中拉应力的大小与升温阶段结束后钢梁横截面上的温度梯度以及混凝土板与钢梁顶板的温差有关。     

长大坡度地段有砟轨道道床阻力分布及影响研究

针对在长大坡道地段有砟轨道道床阻力及线路稳定性问题,通过离散元法模拟了III型混凝土轨枕在无动荷载时不同坡度下有砟道床的阻力值,以道床阻力精确值为媒介导入有限元中,施加温度荷载对轨排结构稳定性进行分析。研究表明:受轨枕与道床间正压力减小及道床整体性减弱影响,随坡度不断增大,道床纵、横向阻力明显减小;道床阻力对轨枕横向位移影响明显,无缝线路轨排结构保持自身稳定性的能力减弱;且随着坡度增大,道床阻力和允许温升的降幅越来越快。     

高速铁路列车荷载下钢轨平顺性影响因素分析

列车荷载作用下的钢轨变形曲线受列车荷载、轨道整体刚度、钢轨自身性能、扣件间距和温度力等因素的制约。文中运用有限单元法建立轨道简化模型,分析各种制约因素对轨道结构的影响程度。结果表明,随着列车荷载、轨道整体刚度的减小和钢轨重量的增大,钢轨的变形曲线也越来越平顺,而钢轨内部温度力和扣件间距的改变对钢轨的变形曲线影响很小,可忽略不计。     

Effects of rail thermal stress on the dynamic response of vehicle and track

A new method is proposed to obtain the dynamic responses of the vehicle–track coupling system under the conditions of rail thermal stress changes in high-speed railways. Exact models are established with different rail longitudinal forces, in which multibody dynamic models are used for vehicles and the direct stiffness method for structures. In order to provide a general, simple and flexible formulation to express longitudinal stress distribution, the accurate model of long slab track consists of many small units with parameters which can be initialised separately. The exact analytical equation of track frequency and modal function was obtained by the transition matrix method, which can be used in calculating the dynamic response of wheel–rail coupling model. The proposed model is verified through comparisons with other classical solutions. Under the influence of train velocities and track irregularities, the specific vibration performances that frequency shifted and amplitude peak enhanced with thermal force are demonstrated through examples. The results show that the response analyses of vehicle and track have great application potentiality for fast estimation of the rail longitudinal stress.     

兰新高速铁路路基上拱原因分析及整治措施

高速铁路对路基工程工后轨面高程控制十分严格。兰州—新疆高速铁路设计标准为时速200~250 km,全线为无砟轨道,轨检小车以CPⅢ控制网复测成果进行一段无砟轨道精调前的数据采集,采集数据过程中发现轨顶高程超标,均高于设计高程,因此对该上胀路基段进行原因分析,并提出相应的整治工程措施。结果表明:泥岩遇水膨胀是路基轨面上胀的主要原因,且截排水措施实施后,路基轨面上胀趋势明显减缓,路基基本处于稳定状态,可为西北干旱地区高速铁路路基上拱防治提供参考。     

重载铁路隧道内弹性支承块式无砟轨道结构优化研究

为解决现有弹性支承块式无砟轨道动态轨距变化量大、轨道几何形位的保持能力相对较弱的问题，提出一种斜坡型弹性支承块式无砟轨道。采用静力计算方法，通过分析钢轨和支承块变形、支承块相对支承块槽的位移以及支承块和道床板的受力状态，研究弹性支承块短侧面的合理坡度； 基于模拟落轴试验，研究斜坡型弹性支承块式无砟轨道部件刚度匹配问题。研究表明： 斜坡型弹性支承块对于控制轨道结构变形，改善支承块、橡胶套靴及道床板等轨道结构受力状态更加有利。建议在30 t轴重条件下，弹性支承块短侧面坡度取1∶5~1∶6，套靴刚度取200 kN/mm左右，块下垫板刚度取80 kN/mm左右较为合理。     

城市轨道交通桥上梯形枕轨道纵向力研究

以往线桥模型计算无砟轨道纵向力时,是将线路纵向阻力简化为扣件纵向阻力,这与桥上梯形枕轨道实际工况有很大出入。文章在前人研究的基础上,建立了考虑凸型挡台胶垫及弹性支承的轨-梯形枕-桥纵向一体化力学模型,以一城市轨道交通5×30 m双线箱型梁桥为例,对其进行纵向力分析,并与传统的线桥模型进行对比,结果表明,凸型挡台及弹性支承的影响不可忽略。     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

Critical Speed and Limit Speed in Phenomena of Lateral Instability on Railway Vehicles

A comparison between theoretical calculations on dynamic lateral behaviour of railway vehicles and experimental results shows quite a sizeable difference between the calculated critical speed and the actual speed at which side impact phenomena will repeatedly occur between wheel flange and rail (running speed limit), such impact speed being remarkably lower than calculated.

Another typical experimental aspect is that the running speed limit will considerably vary for the same vehicle depending on the test track conditions. Such difference is usually attributed to alterations of the wheel-rail contact surfaces, only.

This paper will discuss some concurrent causes which may prove far from negligible, such as the effects of track defects, an amplification of the dynamic lateral displacement between wheel and rail on approaching the critical speed, the track mechanical properties, and in particular the track lateral rigidity.

The influence of some geometrical factors typical of the wheel-rail contact, such as side clearance and linearized conicity, will also be discussed. The approach is based on the application of statistical methods to dynamic linear systems.     

钢弹簧浮置板轨道位移实测与分析

为评价钢弹簧浮置板轨道钢轨与浮置板位移的合理性，通过现场实测与动力学仿真计算，对比分析钢轨与浮置板在列车以不同速度通过时的位移变化，并且模拟了地铁正式运营后的最不利情况。研究结果表明:车速的改变对钢弹簧浮置板轨道钢轨与浮置板的垂向位移没有大的影响。列车荷载的增加及不平顺的恶化会导致轮轨之间的作用力加强，进而导致钢轨与浮置板的垂向位移增大。     

Critical Speed and Limit Speed in Phenomena of Lateral Instability on Railway Vehicles

SUMMARY

A comparison between theoretical calculations on dynamic lateral behaviour of railway vehicles and experimental results shows quite a sizeable difference between the calculated critical speed and the actual speed at which side impact phenomena will repeatedly occur between wheel flange and rail (running speed limit), such impact speed being remarkably lower than calculated.

Another typical experimental aspect is that the running speed limit will considerably vary for the same vehicle depending on the test track conditions. Such difference is usually attributed to alterations of the wheel-rail contact surfaces, only.

This paper will discuss some concurrent causes which may prove far from negligible, such as the effects of track defects, an amplification of the dynamic lateral displacement between wheel and rail on approaching the critical speed, the track mechanical properties, and in particular the track lateral rigidity.

The influence of some geometrical factors typical of the wheel-rail contact, such as side clearance and linearized conicity, will also be discussed. The approach is based on the application of statistical methods to dynamic linear systems.