TiO2光催化剂的改性研究

本文综述了离子掺杂、贵金属沉积以及与半导体复合等方法来改善TiO2可见光光催化活性的研究进展,简要分析不同方法对其光催化性能的影响,并展望了TiO2光催化剂今后的研究方向。     

PANI／PPY／TiO2复合薄膜的制备及其防腐蚀性能

以苯胺（aniline）和吡咯（pyrrole）为电聚合单体,采用循环伏安法在不锈钢电极表面电沉积出PANI/PPY/TiO2导电共聚物/无机复合薄膜．采用CV、SEM和FT-IR等测试手段对其电聚合过程、微观结构和分子结构进行了分析,同时通过Tafel极化曲线法、EIS电化学阻抗谱对PANI/PPY/TiO2薄膜在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究．结果表明：TiO2的添加提高了导电聚合物薄膜的阳极保护和抑制腐蚀反应中电荷转移的能力,使PANI/PPY/TiO2复合薄膜的金属保护能力明显优于PANI和PANI/PPY薄膜．     

电芬顿处理船舶含油废水的动力学影响因素研究

采用双极电芬顿法处理船舶含油废水,建立反应的动力学速率方程,并对电流密度、pH值、初始含油量几个动力学因素的影响效果进行了分析。结果表明:该反应符合二级反应动力学,反应方程可表示为:[出水含油量]={-kt+[初始含油量]0-1}-1。实验拟合出电流密度、pH值、初始含油量3个不同影响因子与降解速率常数k值的关系式,并根据相关非线性拟合分析,得出上述3个影响因素中,pH值对电芬顿降解含油废水的影响最大,其次是初始油浓度,电流密度次之。     

纳米TiO2光催化和紫外线辐照法相结合杀灭压载水中藻类模拟实验研究

为了验证紫外线处理器内部附着纳米TiO2薄膜,在压载水处理过程中的灭藻效果,设计了一套杀灭压载水中藻类的模拟实验系统。分别用单一紫外线辐照法和纳米TiO2光催化-紫外线辐照相结合法对鱼腥藻进行杀灭实验研究对比。结果表明,两种方法均可完全杀灭压载水中藻类,且在相同实验条件下,利用纳米TiO2光催化-紫外线辐照结合法,只需要4根低压高强紫外线灯管就能达到单一紫外线辐照法6根低压高强紫外线灯管对海藻的灭活效果。在不影响灭活效果的前提下,降低了处理器的功率,可以起到节能的作用。     

氧化物纳米粒子在润滑油中的摩擦学作用(英文)

为了提高润滑油的摩擦学性能,选择了吐温-20、吐温-60、司本-20、十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为表面活性剂,制备了含纳米CeO2和TiO2粒子添加剂的润滑油.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察、测定了纳米CeO2和TiO2粒子形貌和平均粒径.采用MRS-1J四球摩擦磨损试验机测试了含纳米CeO2和TiO2添加剂的润滑油的摩擦学性能.结果表明,纳米CeO2和TiO2的复合粒子的最佳添加量为:ω(CeO2):ω(TiO2)=1∶3,ω(CeO2+TiO2)=0.6%,该润滑油具有最佳的抗磨、减摩性能.纳米CeO2粒子添加可以适当减少纳米TiO2粒子的用量.     

消氢催化剂的应用研究

通过对Pb／Al2O3，Pb/MnO2、Pd／C、Pd／TiO2四种消氢催化剂在不同条件下失效时间的试验研究，得出了温度、反应时间、和含钯量对催化剂失效时间的影响。试验结果表明：本文所用四种催化剂在脱氢反应中必须加温才能保持活性，否则要定期进行活化再生。     

纳米CeO2粒子与纳米TiO2粒子组合物用作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

在四球磨损试验机上测试纳米CeO2粒子与纳米TiO2粒子组合物用作润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,采用SEM观察试验钢球磨斑形貌;分析实验结果,指出纳米CeO2粒子与纳米TiO2粒子组合物添加剂的最佳量和最佳配比,探讨各组分的作用和机理。     

船舶动力设备退化基线计算及预测方法

船舶动力设备在自身性能退化过程中的相当长一段时间内仍能完成规定功能,对具有重要特征参数或性能指标的船舶动力设备而言,若使用定基线进行健康状态评估会导致评估值连续较低甚至误报警问题。为了解决这一问题,以目标设备按性能退化时间序列采集的特征参数为研究对象,首先建立退化基线计算方法,利用滑动概率神经网络和性能可靠度与基线值间的转换函数获得目标设备的动态退化基线;然后建立ARMA预测模型获得预测参数,并与退化基线计算方法结合对退化基线发生动态变化的时间节点进行预测;最后利用海水泵对建立的方法可行性进行验证。结果表明,本文建立的退化基线计算方法能够获得动态基线,退化基线预测方法能够对动态基线的变化时间节点进行准确预测。     

白铜在两种海洋优势细菌环境中的腐蚀行为研究

利用间歇式方法培养硫酸盐还原菌和需那弧菌,并采用自腐蚀电位、极化曲线、冷场扫描电镜观察等方法,研究了白铜在海洋优势菌种硫酸盐还原菌和需钠弧菌共同作用下的腐蚀电化学行为。结果表明：海洋微生物的存在加速了白铜的腐蚀进程;硫酸盐还原菌在混合菌种培养基中对白铜的腐蚀起主导作用;硫酸盐还原菌和需钠弧菌共同作用下基体表面团聚现象严重,倾向于发生点蚀;微生物对基体腐蚀影响严重程度依次为：硫酸盐还原菌、混合菌、需钠弧菌、无菌。     

刚塑性板在柱状炸药接触爆炸载荷作用下的花瓣开裂研究

将薄板在接触爆炸载荷作用下的变形分为花瓣开裂之前和花瓣开裂之后两个阶段进行分析.利用Hamilton变分原理得到了花瓣开裂瓣数和花瓣翻转的曲率半径.分析中考虑了系统动能在运动过程中的变化对结果的影响.通过花瓣的旋转曲率半径实现了花瓣动能、弯曲能和断裂能之间的耦合.得到了装药量与破口之间的关系,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

Kinetic modelling of the dispersion of plutonium in the eastern Irish Sea: two approaches

A new model to simulate the dispersion of plutonium in the eastern Irish Sea is presented. The model solves the 3D hydrodynamic equations using normalized σ coordinates in the vertical simultaneously with the suspended matter equation. Pu can be present in three phases: water, suspended matter and bottom sediments. Reduction and oxidation reactions are also included in the model, in terms of reaction rates, since Pu can be present in the marine environment in principally two different oxidation states. Two kinetic models are presented to describe the transfers of radionuclides between the liquid and solid phases: a one-step model consisting of a single reversible reaction and a two-step model consisting of two consecutive reversible reactions. It has been found that both models can properly simulate the contamination of the waters and sediments from the eastern Irish Sea due to the releases from the BNFL Sellafield nuclear fuel processing plant, since the outputs from both models are very similar and in agreement with observations. Also, both models can simulate the speciation of Pu between the reduced and oxidized forms. However, if the dominant source of radionuclides to the water column is redissolution from a contaminated sediment, a process that is actually occurring in the Irish Sea, it has been found that a two-step model must be used. Indeed, a one-step model predicts the redissolution from the sediment to be unrealistically rapid.     

白铜在两种海洋优势菌种环境中的腐蚀行为研究

利用间歇式方法培养硫酸盐还原菌和需钠弧菌,并采用自腐蚀电位、极化曲线、冷场扫描电镜观察等方法,研究了白铜在海洋优势菌种硫酸盐还原菌和需钠弧菌共同作用下的腐蚀电化学行为。结果表明:海洋微生物的存在加速了白铜的腐蚀进程;硫酸盐还原菌在混合菌种培养基中对白铜的腐蚀起主导作用;硫酸盐还原菌和需钠弧菌共同作用下基体表面团聚现象严重,倾向于发生点蚀;微生物对基体腐蚀影响严重程度依次为:硫酸盐还原菌、混合菌、需钠弧菌、无菌。     

TiO2光催化空气净化技术在潜艇中的应用

潜艇大气环境质量是保持潜艇战斗力的重要因素之一.目前,我国潜艇的空气净化设备存在能耗高、噪声大、操作温度高等缺点.TiO2光催化技术是近年来新兴的一种净化技术,可快速清除空气中的有害气体,且具有无毒、操作简单、噪声小、能耗低等优点.本文简述了TiO2光催化剂降解有机物的原理,分析了光催化方法净化潜艇空气的可行性,设计了净化潜艇空气的流程,介绍了催化剂载体制作及纳米TiO2负载催化剂载体煅烧方法.     

基于地基系数折减法的全直桩高桩排架计算

基于地基系数折减法,提出了全直桩高桩排架的一个计算思路。与假想嵌固点法计算结果比较可知,地基系数折减法考虑了桩的非线性变形与群桩效应,其内力与变形与工程实际更吻合。此方法可以供高桩码头设计参考使用。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备 SiO2微球及其表征

文中采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,氨水为催化剂,醇为溶剂,制备了 SiO2微球,并研究了正硅酸乙酯添加方式、溶剂类型、反应温度对其形貌和粒径的影响。通过 SEM,XRD,FT - IR,UV - Vis 测试分析 SiO2微球的形貌、结构、成分以及光学性能。结果表明,正硅酸乙酯水解对醇溶剂有选择性,乙醇作为溶剂合成 SiO2的分散性和球形较好,溶剂类型对 SiO2紫外吸收影响不大,SiO2对200~250 nm 紫外线吸收最强。逐步滴定法更利于 SiO2的合成,而 TEOS 添加方式对其非晶化程度影响不大。温度变化会影响氨水催化效率,进而会影响生成 SiO2的粒径。     

相继增压柴油机切换点进气涡流仿真对比研究

应用STAR-CD软件对相继增压柴油机切换点工况的进气过程进行了仿真对比研究,着重对只有主增压器工作（1TC）和两台增压器都工作(2TC)状况下的进气道和气缸内的速度场、压力场等进行了对比分析。计算结果表明：在整个进气过程中,1TC较2TC的湍动能最大提高率为38%,1TC较2TC的涡流比最大提高率为29%,有利于进一步的油气混合过程。     

纳米TiO2涂料在潜艇空气净化中的应用可能性

将具有独特光催化特性的纳米TiO2添加在涂料中可制成具有催化性能的功能型涂料。结合潜艇舱室的实际情况,分别讨论了纳米TiO2涂料在不同初始浓度、光强、湿度、温度、风速等条件下的催化效率,说明了将纳米TiO2涂料应用在潜艇上可以有效地起到催化分解有害气体的作用。同时提出了未来应用中可能出现的问题,并给出了部分解决方法。     

Investigation of turbulent flows in a waterjet intake duct using stereoscopic PIV measurements

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements were made in a wind tunnel using a prototype waterjet model. The main wind tunnel provided the vehicle velocity and a secondary wind tunnel was set up as the waterjet propulsion model. Pressure distributions along the ramp and lip sides inside the duct were measured for three jet velocity to vehicle velocity ratios. Three-dimensional velocity fields were obtained at the intake entrance and the nozzle exit of the waterjet system. The flow into the duct was faster in the lip region than on the ramp side. Because of the variation in intake geometry from a rectangular to a circular section and because of the sudden curvature change on the lip side, a pair of counter-rotating vortices was observed in the mean velocity field at the nozzle exit. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy correlated with the vortex pair was stronger on the lip side than in other areas. Dominant large-scale structures were extracted by using a snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition analysis. It was found that most of the turbulent kinetic energy was attributed to at least three vortices near the nozzle exit. This detailed three-dimensional velocity field will be useful for the verification of CFD simulations applied to the waterjet system.     

Welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welded corroded and intact plates

The welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welds between non-corroded and corroded steel plates are studied experimentally and numerically, simulating a repair in an aged structure. Butt welds are made between plates with different corrosion levels and intact ones, and temperature distributions and distortions have been measured. Finite element analyses of the butt-welded corroded and non-corroded plates are performed to estimate the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses for different levels of corrosion degradation. The environmental conditions during the welding repair process are also accounted for. Experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of corroded steel plates as a function of the temperature during the welding process are employed in non-linear finite element analyses. The importance of the material properties as a function of the severity of the steel plates' corrosion degradation on the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses is also quantified. This study shows the importance of considering the ageing of steel in the repair process. The developed methodology allows critical operational decisions to be made with greater ease and confidence in analysing the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses when ageing structures are repaired to extend their service life. Furthermore, different welding sequence scenarios may be analysed to identify the most appropriate repair solution in minimising the repair cost.     

圆盘水面弹跳过程运动特性数值研究

本文基于CFD方法对圆盘撞水弹跳过程的运动特性进行了研究,对三种典型撞水运动状态进行了模拟,数值结果与文献中的试验结果吻合良好.基于计算结果,获得了圆盘可以成功弹跳的初始参数组合范围.圆盘弹跳过程中,前方会产生一股射流,其脱离圆盘的射出速度可以达到入水速度的两倍左右.随着圆盘自旋速度的增加,圆盘受到的流体动力逐渐增加,但速度衰减也随之逐渐增加.相对较小的初始倾角和入水角总是有利于圆盘撞水后的弹跳,但过小的初始倾角可能会不利于连续多次弹跳过程.对圆盘连续弹跳过程的数值模拟结果表明,圆盘运动路线并非一直向前,而是受自旋影响运动方向有一定程度的偏转,圆盘第一次撞水弹跳的高度和距离远大于后面几次的弹跳过程.