广西沿海铁路建设双层集装箱通道必要性研究

广西沿海铁路作为大西南的重要出海通道,是防城、钦州、北海等重要沿海港口主要的后方集疏运干线。文章提出了广西沿海铁路开行双层集装箱列车的意义,预测了广西沿海铁路集装箱的运量,从经济与通过能力方面分析了广西沿海铁路开行双层集装箱列车的必要性。     

桂林市公共交通发展难题与对策

文章从发展城市公共交通的必要性和意义着手,介绍了桂林市公共交通的现状,分析了桂林市公共交通发展存在的问题,探讨了桂林市城市公共交通发展的策略,并提出了相应的发展目标。     

城乡公交发展探讨

文章基于城乡公交发展的背景和特点,阐述了发展城乡公交的积极意义,分析了发展城乡公交存在的主要问题与成因,提出了发展城乡公交的建议,并论述了发展城乡公交进程的阶段性。     

成都市轨道交通发展探索

文章基于成都市道路交通建设与发展现状,分析了成都市发展轨道交通的优势、劣势、机遇及挑战,阐述了成都市轨道交通的发展规划,并探讨了成都市轨道交通发展的战略意义。     

广西交通信息化建设业务需求探讨

交通信息化建设是以解决交通部门的管理需求和满足公众服务的要求为目的的。文章阐述了广西交通信息化建设的现状及存在的问题,探讨了信息化业务需求开发的意义和必要性,并提出了广西交通信息化业务需求开发的思路及建议。     

Evaluating employer programs encouraging the use of alternate transportation modes: Two studies

Since 1976, major Denver metropolitan area firms have been required to encourage employees to use mass transit, carpooling, bicycling, and other alternate transportation modes to commute to work. The encouragement programs of 36 firms were clearly associated with greater use of alternate transportation modes, with the portion of variance in alternate transportation use explained by differences in employer programs of approximately 15%. The effects of the programs on deterring alternate mode users from returning to solo driving are consistently weaker than their effects on persuading drivers to try alternate transportation modes initially. Recommendations for the conduct of alternate transportation encouragement programs are made, based on these and other results. In addition, two recommendations are made concerning the evaluation of encouragement programs: that aggregate percentage change in alternate transportation use should not be used as the sole measure of success, and that environmental variables such as the availability of and pressure for use of alternate transportation modes should be measured and controlled.     

Planning for implementation

Although the urban transportation planning process has evolved into the most sophisticated of all urban planning processes, the increasirig difficulty in implementing long-range transportation plans in urban areas today suggests basic questions concerning the process which deserve critical examination.Planning for implementation of urban transportation programs, particularly during periods of rapidly changing human values, requires a continuing re-evaluation of both technical and organizational strategies and their interrelationships.This paper raises some fundamental questions about the traditional activities and relationships that have characterized most urban transportation planning programs in the past. It also suggests a number of strategies, both technical and organizational, that may contribute to the implementation of plans and programs resulting from the transportation planning process.The first portion of this paper discusses the implications of not providing transportation services to match metropolitan growth. The experience of the Washington Metropolitan Area over the past decade is used to illustrate these implications.A discussion of organizational and institutional constraints upon the planning process follows. Then, the implications for the planning process are explored, and the scale of planning is reviewed as well as the need for monitoring the performance and impact of facilities.Next, the paper deals with the need to broaden the range of solutions to transportation problems, including consideration of economic and land development policies to reduce travel demand, as well as the provision of new facilities.Finally, techniques for involving decision-makers in the planning process are discussed. Examples of special project activities in the Washington area are used to illustrate these techniques and their value.     

城市绿色出行内涵和评价指标体系框架研究

绿色出行发展的根本目的是为了实现城市交通可持续发展,实现出行"安全、畅通、高效、舒适、环保、节能",从而实现社会、经济、交通和环境的协调发展。本文通过对绿色出行的概念、内涵、特征和实现途径等相关理论进行解读,确定绿色出行系统的主要构成;采用计划行为理论、交通需求管理理论等多视角,对影响和制约城市绿色出行发展的关键因素进行分析和识别,并研究提出围绕保障能力、基础设施、运输装备、运营服务等方面的绿色出行评价指标体系框架。     

Challenges and opportunities for transportation: Implementation of the clean air act amendments of 1990 and the intermodal surface transportation efficiency act of 1991

The Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) may be the most powerful of all environmental laws affecting transportation. They are intended to significantly affect transportation decision-making, not only to achieve air quality goals but also to affect broader environmental goals related to land use, travel mode choice, and reductions in vehicle miles traveled. The CAAA require greater integration of transportation and air quality planning, and assign a greater responsibility to transportation plans and programs for reducing mobile source emissions. By expanding the requirements for determining the conformity of transportation plans, programs, and projects with State Implementation Plans for air quality, and by expanding the use of highway funding sanctions to enforce those requirements, the CAAA ensure a continuing linkage between transportation and environmental goals.While the CAAA give transportation and air quality decision-makers the mandate to better coordinate their respective planning processes, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 offers the tools to help carry out that mandate. Consequently, this paper summarizes the transportation and air quality provisions of both of these Acts and their relationships.     

岘港市某丁字路口立交改造选型探讨

文章以岘港市某丁字路口立交改造选型为实例,探讨了分期修建的平交改立交选型的主要影响因素,并从近远期交通需求、工程造价、占地面积、景观协调性等方面对三种不同立交型式进行方案比选,推荐出符合分期修建要求的立交改造方案,可为类似项目提供借鉴。     

基于VISSIM的平面交叉口交通仿真与改善研究

平面交叉口是交通系统中极易发生拥堵的地方,运用先进的仿真软件VISSIM对交叉口进行改善设计具有较强的优势。文章在分析VIS-SIM仿真软件原理的基础上,提出了平面交叉口的改善方法,并以兰州市建宁路与宝石花路交叉口为例进行了交叉口改善与仿真分析。研究结论对城市平面交叉口改善设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Innovations in the regulation and operation of taxicabs

This paper reviews a number of recent innovations in the regulation and operation of taxicabs in U. S. cities. The paper discusses the growing involvement of various levels of government in public transportation programs which affect the taxicab industry, and identifies the opportunities and problems created for the industry by this increased government activity. Innovations in the types of public transportation services which can be provided by taxicabs are discussed first, followed by a review of the administrative procedures which can be employed to involve taxicab companies in publicly funded programs. Proposals for changes in the regulations governing taxicab services and prices are discussed next, with particular attention to significant regulatory changes which have been implemented in U.S. cities in recent years. Finally, innovations in the technology of taxicab operations are reviewed, including improvements to vehicles, computerized dispatching techniques, and procedures and equipment for computing fares for taxicab services.     

中国-东盟互联互通视阀下的广西交通外宣翻译研究

文章基于广西与东盟十国在交通领域的合作与交流实际,分析了广西交通外宣翻译存在的问题,提出在中国-东盟互联互通视阀下整体构建广西交通外宣翻译体系的相关策略.     

我国综合交通系统的社会贡献评价研究——以2000-2017年数据为例

本文首先介绍了研究背景,提出研究目的。通过梳理国内外相关文献,提出现有研究尚未涉及综合交通系统社会贡献方面。在解析综合交通社会贡献机理基础上,根据我国2000—2017年社会系统和综合交通数据确定我国社会系统发展指数S和交通系统发展指数T的组成指标,在每种交通方式内采用因子分析法确定各指标权重,结合各指标数值得到S和T数值。应用格兰杰检验法证明T是S的原因,由S关于T的回归函数可得我国综合交通社会贡献评价函数,处理后得到最佳状态数值,发现实际数值与之相比仍有较大提升空间。最后,提出相关政策建议。     

Mass transportation needs and financing in the United States

The U.S. Department of Transportation (1974) recently completed a comprehensive study of mass transportation needs and methods for financing these needs. Using information from the 1974 National Transportation Study, the study determined the level of capital and operating funds that would be required to implement the 1972–90 long-range plans and 1972–80 short-range programs of the states and urbanized areas. It then analyzed various funding mechanisms at state and local levels for financing their portions of these plans and programs.It was found that urban areas, in general, not only plan to stabilize transit fares in the face of rising costs, but also intend to put $ 23.6 billion into capital investments through 1980 and an additional $ 34.6 billion through 1990. Of the total $ 58.2 billion in capital expenditures by 1990, 63% would be expended by the nine largest urbanized areas; 27.8% by the New York area alone. Rail transit and commuter railroad costs would account for 90% of the nine largest urbanized areas.States and localities would be able to carry the financial burden of mass transportation improvements, even if the proposed 1980 programs were implemented in their entirety, given current levels of Federal assistance. However, there would have to be a substantial financial commitment from the states and localities and some hard decisions made by them about public expenditure priorities, fare policies, and taxation levels, and policies to discourage automobile usage. This underscores the need for careful review of their overall plans and programs by state and local officials before making financial commitments.     

Informing the public of transportation–land use connections

The lack of relevant information is a significant barrier when policy makers try to motivate local communities in regional transportation–land use planning. This article demonstrates a workable approach to overcoming this information gap. Large data sets and research results are preprocessed to provide the information on regional transportation–land use connections. Web-based open source geo-spatial technologies are employed to reduce the cost of information dissemination while maintaining a high level of accessibility. Maps and graphs are dynamically generated to ensure that relevant information is delivered in easy-to-understand formats. Two illustrative examples are presented in this article to show how local planners can possibly benefit from this approach when developing stories of community growth, accessibility, mobility, and transportation–land use connections in a regional context.     

Earmarking in the US Department of Transportation Research Programs

US Department of Transportation research funds historically have been awarded on the basis of competition and merit review. Over the last 15 years, however, transportation research programs have seen dramatic growth in earmarking, a practice in which Congress designates research funds for specific institutions named in legislation. This paper discusses driving forces for and potential risks associated with this practice and presents data on earmarking trends from five USDOT agencies.     

Entropy-based estimation of transfers in a terminal

An intermodal transportation terminal is a facility that provides commuters with easy transfer between transit modes and providers such as buses, light rail, subway, taxis, airport shuttles, and commuter rail. The probability of a passenger transferring from one mode to another and the estimation of total transfer demand are of great importance to both practitioners and researchers when determining optimal design alternatives as well as the best control and management policies for daily operation of the terminal. This article presents a study that uses an entropy-based optimization approach to estimate the transfer demands between the available transportation modes in an intermodal transportation terminal. The development and calibration of the entropy model is presented in the first part of the article, which is followed by a case study of the SiHui Intermodal Terminal in Beijing, China.     

数字辐射流动可视化系统设计与实现

介绍了一种利用数字辐射成像技术来实现高压不透明输送管道中高固多相黏稠物料流动成像的^60Co数字辐射流动可视化系统。首先阐述了该数字辐射流动可视化系统的总体构成,包括系统的基本原理和研制概况,进而介绍了该可视化系统的性能指标以及功能特点。该^60Co数字辐射流动可视化系统以扫描方式工作,能直接获得数字图像,可用于高压不透明输送管道中密相固液多相流流动机理的研究,其应用对推动高固多相黏稠物料管道输送及处置技术的发展具有重要意义。     

Environmental analyses of land transportation systems in The Netherlands

Environmental analyses of the impact of transportation systems on the environment from the cradle to the grave are rare. This article makes a comparison of various Dutch passenger transportation systems by studying their complete life-cycle energy use. Moreover, systems are compared according to their use of space, costs and travel time. Although the results indicate that no one transportation system out performs others in all of the characteristics, in a multi-criteria analysis of four aspects, the train and bicycle emerge as superior options. This holds regardless of the travel distance considered. Interestingly, the train and bicycle are complementary systems, that together operate within a comprehensive distance range.