Multi-objective Optimization on MR Suspension Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy Control

为改善多轴重型车辆的动态性能,提出一种利用变论域模糊控制来实时优化悬架参数的方法.首先通过ADAMS/CAR软件建立采用磁流变减振器的车辆多体动力学模型,并在Matlab/Simulink中设计基于模糊推理的变论域模糊控制器;然后进行联合仿真,以研究在A、B、C级随机路面和不同车速工况下的整车动态特性.仿真 结果表明:与普通模糊控制,尤其是被动悬架相比,经变论域模糊控制实时优化后的行驶平顺性和轮胎动载荷都有明显改善.     

基于平顺性的四轴重型商用车悬架参数优化

为提高车辆行驶平顺性,建立某四轴重型商用车悬架动力学模型,并对悬架参数进行优化。模型中,在车辆结构上考虑了平衡悬架和驾驶室,在悬架力学特性上考虑了阻尼非线性。采用遗传算法对车辆悬架的刚度特性和阻尼特性进行优化,优化综合考虑了车辆在不同路面等级下以不同车速行驶的平顺性。对优化前后驾驶室处垂直加速度均方值进行仿真对比,结果显示,优化后车辆行驶平顺性得到有效提高。     

多轴载货汽车平衡悬架的故障及维修

国产中、重型载货汽车(如CA1152长轴距柴油载货汽车和CA3160自卸汽车),多采用6×4的三轴结构形式,中、后桥为驱动桥和钢板弹簧平衡悬架,见图1.平衡悬架的两端各以6个M18的大螺栓与车架连接,中部装有心轴12,上部装有纵向布置的钢板弹簧2,用U形螺栓11固定在心轴轴承毂上,悬架心轴支承在车架的悬架心轴支架上.     

基于轴荷平衡的双联轴货车钢板平衡悬架参数优化

为全面改善双联轴货车的综合行驶性能,提出一种考虑动态轴荷平衡的货车双联轴钢板平衡悬架参数优化方法。首先,基于数值分析法分别建立带钢板平衡悬架的6自由度1/2车辆模型和单轮辙随机激励时域模型,并在MATLAB/Simulink中构建相应的车路耦合动力学模型。进而提出综合反映动态轴荷平衡和平顺性的多联轴货车综合行驶性能指标,依据正交试验探索悬架各参数对车辆综合行驶性能的影响程度。最后通过极差和方差分析实现悬架关键参数的全面优化。结果表明,在20~90km/h车速下,相对于原货车,参数优化后货车的综合行驶性能指标约提高了30%。     

集装箱半挂车系列化设计

根据集装箱运输车辆配套的需要，提出了集装箱半挂车系列车型，讨论了其牵引车的选型和挂车轴、悬架与车架总成的系列化设计方案。     

越野汽车悬架车架及车身扭转刚度匹配的研究

从越野汽车大比例扭转使用环境出发,首先分析了整车、悬架、车架、车身扭转变形,继而从提高越野汽车越野行驶最大平均车速,保证乘员舒适性、通过性、可靠性、轻量化水平角度出发,探讨了悬架、车架、车身(车箱)扭转刚度的匹配思路和方法.     

基于变车速的非平稳路面动荷载

当车辆在均匀的路面上行驶时,车速的改变会引起路面的非平稳激励,由于车速的改变,适用于频域分析的方法已不再有效.现用状态空间模型来描述车辆在时域的动态特性.分别针对两种车辆悬架系统:四分之一车辆模型和二分之一车辆模型,采用数值计算来定量地分析加速和减速对路面动载的影响.改进的方法可用于研究路面结构的动态响应,对更好地进行路面结构设计和路面非破损检测与评价有很大的帮助.     

基于柔性模型的多轴汽车平顺性的仿真研究

基于弹性梁弯曲振动理论和模态分析法建立了多轴汽车平顺性分析的柔性模型。按照汽车行驶平顺性评价方法，运用建立的柔性模型，分析了车速、路面等级、悬挂质量的分布、车架刚度以及悬架系统的刚度和阻尼对多轴汽车平顺性的影响。分析结果表明：悬挂质量的弯曲振动是影响多轴汽车行驶平顺性的一个不可忽略的重要因素；常用的刚体模型不能准确地描述多轴汽车的平顺性，不适合用于多轴汽车平顺性的分析。     

应用惯容器提升车辆侧向稳定性的研究

为探索应用惯容器的车辆悬架对汽车侧向稳定性的提升,对两种ISD悬架结构进行了研究。构建了整车动力学模型,在分析车辆侧向稳定性的基础上,以典型的鱼钩转向输入作为测试工况,以车身侧倾角时域响应的峰值作为优化指标,利用多种群遗传优化算法对ISD悬架的元件参数进行优化,并对优化结果进行仿真。结果表明:与传统被动悬架相比,应用惯容器的S1和S2型车辆ISD悬架的车身侧倾角峰值得到了显著的抑制,在不同车速下的测试结果最高可分别改善38.6%和48.6%。而与S1型悬架相比,S2型悬架对车辆的侧向稳定性提升更为显著,更适合车辆的实际运用。     

可变容积附加气室空气悬架的参数优化与控制

基于热力学与车辆动力学理论,建立了带可调容积附加气室空气悬架的数学模型;以提高车辆行驶平顺性、轮胎接地性和操纵稳定性为目标,附加气室容积与减振器阻尼系数为设计变量,建立附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;接着采用线性加权和法,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题;最后整合车辆典型工况下的优化结果,以载荷、车速及路面等级为控制输入量,采用决策控制实现可调容积附加气室空气悬架的半主动控制。结果表明,基于参数优化结果的决策控制能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度和悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷略有增加。     

多轴商用车的行驶平顺性仿真分析

基于拉格朗日方程建立多轴商用车的五自由度振动微分方程,已知激励功率密度前提下,构造了具有复谐和函数特点的多轴商用车的路面虚拟激励,应用复模态分析给出虚拟响应的求解公式。通过虚拟激励法求取了车身垂直加速度的功率谱密度及均方根值,评价了多轴商用车的行驶平顺性。结果表明,复模态和虚拟激励方法结合,进行多轴商用车的行驶平顺性仿真分析,方法简单、易行。     

不同转向模式的多轴转向车辆性能分析

为解决重型车辆转向时的低速机动性和高速稳定性的问题,提出了多轴动态转向技术,并以三轴车辆为研究对象进行分析。首先建立多轴转向的二自由度车辆模型以及运动微分方程,为提高车辆的稳定性,以零质心侧偏角为目标,推导各轴间的转角比例系数及有关的状态空间矩阵、传递函数,使用MATLAB软件对不同转向模式下的操纵稳定性进行了稳态响应、瞬态响应以及频域响应的仿真。通过分析比较,说明采用多轴动态转向技术,车辆在转向时具有低速机动性高、高速稳定性好的特点。     

Tire wear estimation based on nonlinear lateral dynamic of multi-axle steering vehicle

This paper presents a novel nonlinear dynamic model of a multi-axle steering vehicle to estimate the lateral wear amount of tires. Firstly, a 3DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamic model is developed, including dynamic models of the hydropneumatic suspension, tire, steering system and toe angle. The tire lateral wear model is then built and integrated into the developed vehicle model. Based on the comparison of experimental and simulation results, the nonlinear model is proved to be better than a linear model for the tire wear calculation. In addition, the effects of different initial toe angles on tire wear are analyzed. As simulation results shown, the impact of the dynamic toe angle on the tire wear is significant. The tire wear amount will be much larger than that caused by normal wear if the initial toe angle increases to 1° - 1.5°. The results also suggest that the proposed nonlinear model is of great importance in the design and optimazation of vehicle parameters in order to reduce the tire wear.     

Application of the structural articulation method to dynamic impact loading of railway bridges – a case study

This article demonstrates a practical application of the structural articulation method. An existing prototype railway bridge was selected to compare our new method with the industry codes of practice. The response history and dynamic increment of the bridge were investigated through a variety of methods: lump sum mass analysis (LSMA) and suspension system analysis (SSA) for a single-axle force, and SSA for multi-axle forces. We considered both a local irregularity and a global sinusoidal irregularity. The dynamic impact load induced by either form of track irregularity increases approximately linearly with the vehicle speed up to a certain point, then tends to decrease gradually. This behaviour reveals that the dynamic impact load induced by track irregularities is dominated by the resonance of the bridge. If a bridge must support multiple axles, or if an especially accurate dynamic impact factor is required for safety reasons, then multi-axle SSA is recommended because this approach is the most accurate and likely to produce a weaker response than single-axle analysis. The random irregularity is generated by the stochastic track irregularity process. It is found that the dynamic impact load induced by the random irregularity is negligible, compared with the deterministic irregularity.     

基于奇异谱分析的动态称重系统算法研究

针对目前动态称重系统称重误差较大的现状,设计了基于奇异谱分析的动态称重系统。在汽车综合试验场,根据设计的动态称重系统及所选用的压电石英称重传感器的特点,采用两轴车辆及多轴车辆在S形通过、高速行驶刹车通过、不同车速通过的三种情况下采集称重数据。利用车辆的轴重与采集的信号所包围的面积关系计算得到车重,并将奇异谱分析(SSA)算法应用于动态称重系统的数据处理中。试验结果表明:SSA算法与传统的小波分析算法相比能够明显降低称重误差,可广泛推广应用于动态称重系统中。     

三轴汽车前后轮角输入时的响应特性

本文详细推导了三轴汽车线性二自由度模型的运动微分方程，分析了汽车对前后轮角输入时的移居记响应特性。从汽车动力学的角度讨论了前后轮转应具备的比例关系。该方法同样适用于其它多轴汽车的建模分析。     

交叉互连油气弹簧抗侧倾特性研究及试验

针对多轴重型特种车辆存在的偏载问题,为了减小偏载对静态姿态以及转弯行驶稳定性的不良影响,设计一种交叉互连油气弹簧.从液压原理方面分析了交叉互连油气弹簧的抗侧倾作用,通过悬架侧倾角刚度推导和仿真,验证了交叉互连油气弹簧具有良好的抗侧倾特性.将油气弹簧进行装车试验,通过静载工况、转弯工况的实车试验,进一步验证了交叉互连油气...     

A comparative study of equivalent modelling for multi-axle vehicle

In this paper, equivalent modelling methods of a multi-axle vehicle are presented and compared. Firstly, for the sake of comparison, a single-track model of a three-axle and a two-axle vehicle is developed, and then existing equivalent modelling derivations are presented and discussed. Next, the proposed model-based dynamic equivalence of force/moment at the centre of gravity (CG) is introduced and optimised. It represents the approximately equivalent steady-state and transient response of the yaw rate and side slip angle, which allows different cornering stiffness on the central and rear axle. Finally, to demonstrate how the proposed method is advantageous to the other equivalent models available in the literature, different simulation cases are compared in the dimension of time-domain, eigenvalues characteristics and frequency-domain. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to any multi-axle vehicle configurations and a general expression is formulated.     

Method for control of steering angles for articulated vehicles using virtual rigid axles

Many methods we have been developed to control the rear wheels of a vehicle, but most of them are designed for automobiles with four wheels. The AWS (all wheel steering) control method for articulated vehicles is currently applied only to Phileas vehicles developed by APTS, but the control algorithm for this system has yet to be reported. In the present paper, a new algorithm is proposed after the AWS ECU (electronic control unit) of the Phileas vehicle was tested and analyzed in order to understand the existing steering algorithm. The new algorithm considers the vehicle geometry, stability of handling, and safety, and can be easily applied to multi-axle vehicles. In order to verify the AWS algorithm, the trajectory and steering angles of each algorithm were compared using the commercial software ADAMS. Turning radius, swing-out, and swept path width were also investigated to determine the turning performance of the proposed algorithm.     

Development and Simulation of a Novel Roll Control System for the Interconnected Hydragas® Suspension

The design of passive suspension systems using conventional springs and dampers is limited by the need to compromise between vehicle ride and handling functions. The Interconnected Hydragas Suspension fitted to the current Rover 100 series partially allays this compromise by reducing the vehicle pitch stiffness witfiout affecting the bounce and roll stiffnesses. However, the vehicle body is still subject to roll during cornering manoeuvres. This paper outlines the development and simulation of a sealed low bandwidth active roll control suspension based on the existing Interconnected Hydragas System. Following a brief explanation of the Hydragas suspension operating principle die paper outlines the design of a fluid displacer or 'shuttle'. This shuttle enables control over body roll during manoeuvres by displacing fluid from one side of the car to the other. Care is taken to ensure low power consumption whilst the sealed nature of the fluid based suspension units guarantee reliable operation without leakage. Using computer simulation, the system performance is predicted and compared with experimental measurements. It is shown that roll during manoeuvres can be reduced or eliminated using a minimum of hydraulic components with only moderate power consumption and cost.