Deviated state detection method in driving around curves based on naturalistic driving behavior database for driver assistance systems

The objective of this study is to propose the indices which detect the deviated state of drivers while driving by considering drivers’ judgment process and using road environment and naturalistic driving behavior database. To realize this objective, drivers’ speed choice behavior around curve situations was focused and the speed choice process was formulated. Moreover, a deviated state detection method considering the formulated speed choice process around curve situations was proposed and the validity of the method was examined.     

汽车电动助力转向与主动悬架系统的集成控制

针对基于横向和垂向动理学的电动助力转向（EPS）与主动悬架（ASS）集成系统,设计了一种基于干扰抑制指标的控制策略。首先根据控制目标,选择相应的加权函数,建立增广被控对象矩阵,将鲁棒性能控制问题转化为标准的控制问题;然后在Matlab环境下进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,该集成控制方法是有效的,能够使汽车转向行驶时的整车综合性能得到提高。     

直线行驶过程中汽车方向盘转角的研究分析

介绍了一种汽车方向盘转角传感器,搭建了汽车方向盘转角数据采集系统。依据在北京五环路上的行驶实验,分析了驾驶前期和后期方向盘转角特性的不同,得出驾驶员正常驾驶汽车直线行驶时方向盘转角范围约在其回正位置的左右7°之间,方向盘紧定时间在9s内。实验结果为驾驶行为研究、驾驶疲劳监测及相关产品的开发提供了参考。     

Role of steering wheel feedback on driver performance: driving simulator and modeling analysis

When driving in curves, how do drivers use the force appearing on the steering wheel? As it carries information related to lateral acceleration, this force could be necessary for drivers to tune their internal model of vehicle dynamics; alternatively, being opposed to the drivers' efforts, it could just help them stabilize the steering wheel position. To assess these two hypotheses, we designed an experiment on a motion-based driving simulator. The steering characteristics of the vehicle were modified in the course of driving, unknown to drivers. Results obtained with standard drivers showed a surprisingly wide range of adaptation, except for exaggerated modifications of the steering force feedback. A two-level driver model, combining a preview of vehicle dynamics and a neuromuscular steering control, reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and indicates that adaptation occurs at the haptic level rather than in the internal model of vehicle dynamics. This effect is related to other theories on the manual control of dynamics systems, wherein force feedback characteristics are abstracted at the position control level. This research also illustrates the use of driving simulation for the study of driver behavior and future intelligent steering assistance systems.     

Role of steering wheel feedback on driver performance: driving simulator and modeling analysis

When driving in curves, how do drivers use the force appearing on the steering wheel? As it carries information related to lateral acceleration, this force could be necessary for drivers to tune their internal model of vehicle dynamics; alternatively, being opposed to the drivers' efforts, it could just help them stabilize the steering wheel position. To assess these two hypotheses, we designed an experiment on a motion-based driving simulator. The steering characteristics of the vehicle were modified in the course of driving, unknown to drivers. Results obtained with standard drivers showed a surprisingly wide range of adaptation, except for exaggerated modifications of the steering force feedback. A two-level driver model, combining a preview of vehicle dynamics and a neuromuscular steering control, reproduces these experimental results qualitatively and indicates that adaptation occurs at the haptic level rather than in the internal model of vehicle dynamics. This effect is related to other theories on the manual control of dynamics systems, wherein force feedback characteristics are abstracted at the position control level. This research also illustrates the use of driving simulation for the study of driver behavior and future intelligent steering assistance systems.     

基于HyperMesh的某转向桥轴头优化设计

某转向驱动桥桥壳总成在垂直弯曲疲劳试验中,轴头开裂,严重影响该产品的交付时间。为了按期交付客户,节约试验资源,采用有限元分析,对轴头进行优化设计,达到设计要求,为此类产品设计提供参考。     

基于LabVIEW的汽车电动助力转向系统测试平台的研究

利用高性能的数据采集设备,结合个人计算机,建立系统硬件平台;采用LabVIEW软件开发平台,再结合相应的驱动程序,开发出集数据采集、测试、存储、分析和显示功能于一体的汽车电动助力转向虚拟测试平台。该平台的测试结果表明：本虚拟测试系统操作简便、快速,运行可靠,测试精度高,测试成本低,可维护性高,可扩充性好。     

基于NASTRAN的汽车转向节有限元分析

阐述了有限元方法在汽车应用的必要性。对某款车型前悬架在二三种工况下的受力情况进行了分析,并利用PATRAN和NASTRAN有限元分析软件对该车型的转向节进行了强度和变形的分析计算．找出了该结构设计的薄弱环节．为改进设计提供了依据。     

基于ATMEGA16的电动助力转向系统设计

电动助力转向是汽车助力转向的发展趋势,本文设计了ATMEGA16单片机控制系统,利用PWM技术、MOSFET驱动电路和MOSFET桥式电路控制转向电机电流的大小和流向,进而控制助力的大小,利用PID控制算法实现转向电机电流的反馈控制。并分别介绍了系统结构和软件流程图。实验表明该系统能够实现良好的助力。     

汽车电动助力转向单片机的控制系统

阐述了电子控制式电动助力转向系统的工作原理和结构特点,其控制电路核心是P87LPC768单片机,采用脉宽调制(PWM)的控制方式来改变电机电枢两端的平均电压,并通过模糊控制技术达到控制电机的目的,台架试验结果表明控制系统是有效的。     

The effect of situation awareness on driving performance in young sleep-deprived drivers

This study aims to investigate how situation awareness (SA) when driving in sleep-deprived condition mediates the effect of sleep deprivation and driving performance in young drivers. Fifteen male students (mean age 21.1 ± 0.8 years) underwent two 45-min driving simulation sessions in random counterbalanced order: one in the morning after approximately seven hours sleep (normal-sleep condition) and another one in the morning after 24 h sleep deprivation (sleep-deprived condition). SA was measured using quantitative analysis of situation awareness (QASA). Driving performance was measured in terms of the number of collisions. Here we find that SA and driving performance decrement when driving in sleep-deprived condition. Compared to normal-sleep condition, driving in sleep-deprived condition impaired SA (p = 0.024) and driving performance (p = 0.006). The mediation analysis shows that the decrement of driving performance is predicted by sleep deprivation (p = 0.021) and SA (p = 0.041). These results indicate that SA partially mediates the effect of sleep deprivation on driving performance. SA decrement in sleep-deprived condition impairs driving performance that can pose a danger to safety-critical action during driving in young drivers.     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的车辆转向稳定性的仿真研究

汽车的操纵稳定性是衡量汽车安全性最基本的指标之一,影响汽车行驶稳定性的基本因素主要有横摆角速度与质心侧偏角,将汽车简化为二自由度模型,建立关于横摆角速度与质心侧偏角的转向微分方程.基于MATLAB/Simulink软件建立仿真模型,对前轮转向与四轮转向典型的二自由度汽车模型进行仿真分析.对比两轮转向和四轮转向的稳定性....     

Drowsy behavior detection based on driving information

Drowsy behavior is more likely to occur in sleep-deprived drivers. Individuals’ drowsy behavior detection technology should be developed to prevent drowsiness related crashes. Driving information such as acceleration, steering angle and velocity, and physiological signals of drivers such as electroencephalogram (EEG), and eye tracking are adopted in present drowsy behavior detection technologies. However, it is difficult to measure physiological signal, and eye tracking requires complex experiment equipment. As a result, driving information is adopted for drowsy driving detection. In order to achieve this purpose, driving experiment is performed for obtaining driving information through driving simulator. Moreover, this paper investigates effects of using different input parameter combinations, which is consisted of lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, and steering angles with different time window sizes (i.e. 4 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 60 s), on drowsy driving detection using random forest algorithm. 20 s-size datasets using parameter combination of accelerations in lateral and longitudinal directions, compared to the other combination cases of driving information such as steering angles combined with lateral and longitudinal acceleration, steering angles only, longitudinal acceleration only, and lateral acceleration only, is considered the most effective information for drivers’ drowsy behavior detection. Moreover, comparing to ANN algorithm, RF algorithm performs better on processing complex input data for drowsy behavior detection. The results, which reveal high accuracy 84.8 % on drowsy driving behavior detection, can be applied on condition of operating real vehicles.     

重型商用车汽车轮胎花纹对整车性能的影响

汽车轮胎是汽车的行驶系统的重要组成部分,对汽车保持正常的行驶起着重要的作用.除了承载着全车重量,传递驱动转矩外,车轮还还起着减震和缓冲,转向和制动的作用.轮胎对汽车的驾驶性、通过性、舒适性和安全性都有着直接的影响.文中从各轮胎花纹的性能,轮胎性能对整车性能的影响和分轮位配置花纹的优势,为整车提供更经济,安全,可靠的轮胎花纹的匹配方法.     

基于MATLAB的公路运输量预测系统设计

交通流预测是智能交通系统的热门研究领域。本文基于MATLAB软件,运用指数平均法、弹性系数法、回归分析法、灰色预测法和组合预测法,对某市近年来客运量进行预测。结果表明,经过模型验证,运用上述五种方法构建的预测系统均可对客运量交通流进行良好预测。     

Research on control strategy for differential steering system based on H mixed sensitivity

The differential steering system (DSS) of electric wheel vehicle gets rid of the restrictions of traditional steering system completely. As an ideal steering technology, it not only realizes the perfect combination of the road feel and the steering portability, but also realizes the harmony and unification between the steering maneuverability and safety. The structure and basic theory of the DSS of electric wheel vehicle are discussed in this paper. Based on these, the dynamic model of the steering system is built. Considering of the uncertainties and disturbances existing in the model, the H_∞ mixed sensitivity control theory is applied to achieve better tracking performance and road feel in the process of steering. Then, a H_∞ mixed sensitivity controller is designed to restrain the effect of the road disturbance and model uncertainties. The simulation results indicate that the DSS with the designed controller can effectively restrain the effect of noises and disturbances caused by random motivation from road, torque sensor measurement and model parameter uncertainty, and enable the driver to obtain satisfactory road feel.     

Tire wear estimation based on nonlinear lateral dynamic of multi-axle steering vehicle

This paper presents a novel nonlinear dynamic model of a multi-axle steering vehicle to estimate the lateral wear amount of tires. Firstly, a 3DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamic model is developed, including dynamic models of the hydropneumatic suspension, tire, steering system and toe angle. The tire lateral wear model is then built and integrated into the developed vehicle model. Based on the comparison of experimental and simulation results, the nonlinear model is proved to be better than a linear model for the tire wear calculation. In addition, the effects of different initial toe angles on tire wear are analyzed. As simulation results shown, the impact of the dynamic toe angle on the tire wear is significant. The tire wear amount will be much larger than that caused by normal wear if the initial toe angle increases to 1° - 1.5°. The results also suggest that the proposed nonlinear model is of great importance in the design and optimazation of vehicle parameters in order to reduce the tire wear.     

基于模糊解耦控制的车辆转向制动系统研究

车辆转向系统和制动系统之间存在着很强的速度耦合关系,造成两个系统之间的性能相互影响,使得车辆在转向制动这一工况成了汽车最危险的工况之一。本文结合实际车辆参数建立转向系统的二自由度模型和制动系统的单车轮模型,针对车辆转向制动工况设计了模糊解耦控制器,实现了车辆的转向与制动同时控制。经验证含有模糊解耦控制的车辆转向制动系统具有很好的动态控制效果,并且有很强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

基于CMAC神经网络与PID并行控制的汽车电动助力转向系统

电动助力转向系统(EPS)已经成为世界汽车技术发展的研究热点,然而对EPS控制策略的研究大多仅限于传统的控制方式。比较了单纯PID控制和CMAC与PID复合控制下电动助力转向系统对各种输入信号的响应,证明复合控制对非线性信号有很强的跟踪能力,并且具有很好的抗干扰性。