RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION USING HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION INSTILLATION: AN EX VIVO STUDY

Objective To determine whether radiofrequency ablation using hypertonic saline solution instillation can increase the extent of thermally mediated coagulation in ex vivo pig liver tissue. Methods Fifty-six radiofrequency ablation lesions were produced in fresh ex vivo pig's liver. According to different saline solutions, the lesions were divided into six groups: 25% acetic acid, 18% NaCl, 10% NaCl, 5% NaCl, 0.9% NaCl, and distilled water. After radiofrequency ablation, the lesions size and morphology were measured and compared.Results Using different instillation, the volume of coagulation necrosis was different: 25% acetic acid >18% NaCl >10% NaCl >5% NaCl >0.9% NaCl>distilled water. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation using hypertonic saline solution instillation can increase the volume of radiofrequency ablation induced necrosis.     

血栓形成过程与其声速的相关性研究

目的　探讨血栓形成过程与其声速变化的相关性。方法　采用超声脉冲反射法 ,着重就血栓形成过程中对其声速变化的相关性进行了定量研究。给出了声速随血栓不同形成时间变化的测量值。结果　当血栓样品一定时 ,由于血流状态改变水分减少 ,在血液的自然凝血过程中血小板聚集 ,血栓密度增加 ,组织弹性发生变化 ,声传输速度发生变化。发现血栓的声速变化随血栓形成时间的增加成正相关。结论　血栓的声速值与血栓形成时间密切相关。血栓的声学特性与其组织结构变化等因素有关     

Effects of Dynamic Changes in Ultrasound Attenuation and Blood Perfusion on Lesion Formation of Multiple focus Pattern during Ultrasound Surgery

A nonlinear finite-element program was developed to simulate the dynamic evolution of coagulation in tissue considering temperature and thermal-dose dependence of the ultrasound attenuation and blood perfusion rate.The effects of these dynamic parameters on the lesion formation were investigated in the particular case of ultrasound hepatic ablation with bi-focus intensity pattern.The results of simulations were compared that incorporate dynamic changes of ultrasound attenuation and perfusion and results that neglect these effects.The result shows that thermal-dose-dependent ultrasound attenuation is the dominating factor in the full dynamic model.If the dynamic ultrasound attenuation is ignored, a relatively significant underestimation of the temperature rise appears in the focal plane and the region next to the focal plane, resulting in an underestimation in predicting diameter of coagulation.Higher heating intensity leads to greater underestimation.     

实时超声在神经外科手术中的应用

目的应用B超实时对神经外科开颅手术中病变进行超声扫描,探讨其成像特征和应用价值。方法常规开颅后在硬膜外和硬膜下应用B超,结合术前资料,进行病灶的实时定位,帮助选择皮层切口和手术路径,并用B超判定病灶切除程度。结果42例中,全部病变定位准确,准确率达100%,34例病变全部切除,6例次全切,2例死亡。结论术中B超能实时显示病变的部位和轮廓,有助于病变的术中定位和定性,减少手术副损伤。     

超声医学图象自动分割的自产生与自组织神经网络

用自产生与自组织神经网络方法进行超声心脏图象的自动分割。这种无监督的聚类方法能够自动搜索网络节点数而获取图象中的目标数，从而完成对图象的自动分割。实验结果表明，与自组织特征射方法相比，此方法具有许多优点。     

基于云模糊理论的图像纹理分割

为了处理图像纹理的模糊性和随机性,基于云模糊理论提出了纹理特征矢量云模型,并成功地应用于纹理图像分割.该方法在对纹理统计描述符模糊化处理后,逆向生成纹理特征矢量云.矢量云模型的数字特征能够很好地表达纹理的模糊性和随机性,据此通过云距离计算及纹理特征矢量云生长,完成对图像纹理的分割.实验结果表明,该方法较经典的ISODATA算法和K-means簇算法的分割精度高,并且迭代收敛速度快.     

基于帧缓存的多角度影像精细纹理映射方法

三维建筑物模型纹理映射方法通常针对单独平面选取单一影像投影,然而单张关联影像通常存在部分遮挡问题,影响纹理映射质量. 为此,本文提出一种基于帧缓存纹理绘制技术的多角度影像精准纹理映射方法. 首先将单体化精细建筑模型和倾斜摄影测量解决方案生成的三角网模型配准,再根据建筑模型空间特征进行纹理绘制基元提取;然后根据纹理绘制基元对三角网模型生成虚拟渲染相机,利用帧缓存纹理绘制方法,获取帧缓存对象并提取纹理,最后通过纹理绘制基元映射到精细建筑物模型表面,实现三角网模型到精细单体化建筑模型的自动纹理映射. 利用倾斜摄影测量数据进行实验,实验结果表明,相比传统方法,本文方法减少了14%以上的不良纹理比率,纹理空间压缩率达到14.21%,且具有更精确的纹理映射效果,能满足精细建筑模型的纹理重建需求.      

精细建筑物碎片化纹理优化的二维装箱方法

为了解决精细建筑物模型大量碎片化纹理造成模型加载时间长和实时渲染效率低的问题,提出一种精细建筑物碎片化纹理优化的二维装箱方法.计算共用纹理并集区域,优化冗余纹理内容,并同时顾及超出常规坐标[0,1.0]范围的异常纹理;使用二维装箱算法对优化后的离散纹理进行封装,降低纹理数量;利用纹理映射和纹理集技术将优化后的纹理重映射...     

Depth Camera-Based Robot-Assisted Ultrasonic Lipolysis System

With many advantages such as non-invasive,safe and quick effect,focused ultrasound lipolysis stands out among many fat-removing methods.However,during the whole process,the doctor needs to hold the ultra-sound transducer and press it on the patient's skin with a large pressure for a long time;thus the probability of muscle and bone damage for doctors is greatly increased.To reduce the occurrence of doctors' occupational diseases,a depth camera-based ultrasonic lipolysis robot system is proposed to realize robot-assisted automatic ultrasonic lipolysis operation.The system is composed of RealSense depth camera,KUKA LBR Med seven-axis robotic arm,PC host,and ultrasonic lipolysis instrument.The whole operation includes two parts:preoperative planning and intraoperative operation.In preoperative planning,the treatment area is selected in the camera image by the doctor;then the system automatically plans uniformly distributed treatment points in the treat-ment area.At the same time,the skin normal vector is calculated to determine the end posture of the robot,so that the ultrasound transducer can be pressed down in the normal direction of skin.During the intraoperative operation,the robot is controlled to arrive at the treatment point in turn.Meanwhile,the patient's movement can be detected by the depth camera,and the path of robot is adjusted in real time so that the robot can track the movement of patient,thereby ensuring the accuracy of the ultrasonic lipolysis operation.Finally,the human body model experiment is conducted.The results show that the maximum error of the robot operation is within 5 mm,average error is 3.1 mm,and the treatment points of the robot operation are more uniform than those of manual operation.Therefore,the system can replace the doctor and achieve autonomous ultrasonic lipolysis to reduce the doctor's labor intensity.     

B型超声胎囊定位吸引刮宫200例分析

为探索早孕胎囊好发的着床部位,进一步提高人流手术质量,减少并发症,本文对200例早孕妇女于人流术前常规进行B型超声(以下简称B超)胎囊定位与对照组200例术前未进行胎囊定位者比较。定位组人流术时出血量减少、手术时间短,人流综合反应发生率显著下降,200例中一例空刮,空刮率0.5％;未定位组200例中空刮5例、空刮率2.5％,经手术核实,胎囊定位准确率99.5％。本文对以上结果进行了讨论。     

Active Contours and Mumford-Shah Segmentation Based on Level Sets

IntroductionThe basic idea in active contour models orsnakes is to evolve a curve,subject to constraintsfrom a given image,in order to detect objects inthat image.For instance,starting with a curvearound the object to be detected,the curve movestoward its interior normal and has to stop on theboundary of the object.LetΩ be a bounded open subset of R2 ,with Ω its boundary. Let u0 ∶Ω→ R be a given image,and C( s)∶ [0 ,1 ]→ R2 be a parameterized curve. Inthe classical snakes and active…     

一种基于支持向量机的轴承表面缺陷检测方法

提出了一种基于支持支持向量机和主成分分析的轴承表面缺陷检测算法,该算法把轴承中的非缺陷区域和缺陷区域分别看作两种不同的纹理模式,先利用主成分分析法(PCA)对图像进行降维处理,然后用支持向量机方法对降维后的样本采样学习,然后进行分类判断.实验结果表明,该算法能够较好地实现轴承缺陷的检测分类,有一定的实用价值.     

肝硬化合并食道静脉曲张破裂出血危险因素的研究

本研究目的在于探索导致肝硬化食道静脉出血的各种危险因素。病例来源于我院1983～1985年收治的部分门脉性肝硬化合并食道静脉曲张患者共100例,按其是否伴有食道静脉曲张出血分为出血组和非出血组各50例,对导致出血的各种危险因素进行了回顾性调查。最后本文提出了引起静脉曲张出血的始发危险因素是门脉高压的程度;门静脉游离压>3.49Kpo,或B超探测门静脉(总干)直径>1.9cm,脾静脉(脾门处)>1.3cm。促发因素;男性,年龄>40岁,合并肺部感染,脾功能亢进(血色素<70g/L,白细胞计数<5×10~9/L,血小板<60×10~9/L)。具备上述始发危险因素二项和促发危险因素二项以上的食道静脉曲张患者,提示出血高度可能性。建议用B型超声探测门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉直径作为判断门静脉压的一种手段,可使肝硬化患者避免导管检测或食道镜检查带来的危险和不便。     

钙基脂中添加剂超声波均化分散工艺的研究

研究了超声波对润滑脂中固体添加剂MoS2分散工艺的优化，通过观察润滑脂中MoS2的分散程度，利用摩擦磨损试验机测量超声波分散前后润滑脂的摩擦系数．结果表明：经过对超声分散工艺的优化，不但可以对润滑脂中固体添加剂MoS2进行微观均化，进而提高润滑脂的减磨减损功能，而且经过分散后，在润滑脂黏度不发生变化的前提下，材料的摩擦系数可以减少20％．     

经宫颈活取早孕绒毛作产前诊断方法的研究

本文对155例早孕妇女进行了经宫颈获取绒毛方法的研究,并对三种不同来源与直径的抽吸管效果进行了对比。临床实验研究证实在B超指示下取材的成功率较盲吸法高,可达99%。改进后的Ⅱ型吸管将钢丝固定在吸管外,操作时不用抽管芯,比进口管操作简便,取一次检材成功率可达85%,实验结果表明,胚胎着床在子宫后壁较易取材成功。孕期7～8周时,在B超指示下取材一次成功率最高,且取到的组织量也最多。20例孕妇在活取绒毛后观察了3～7天后行人流术。近期观察无一例发生流产和胚胎宫内死亡,证明了本操作的安全性。     

集料表面纹理粗糙度的测量

为了有效评价集料表面纹理粗糙程度对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,采用激光轮廓仪直接测量了9种不同集料的表面纹理轮廓曲线,通过轮廓滤波方法将其划分为宏观纹理和微观纹理,并应用几何统计方法,以算术平均偏差、算术平均波长和轮廓偏斜度为评价指标,对其表面纹理粗糙度进行了定量评定.分析结果表明:算术平均偏差最适宜用来描述集料表面纹理的粗糙程度,算术平均偏差越大,集料表面纹理的粗糙度越大;波长2 mm为集料表面宏观纹理和微观纹理的界限值;根据算术平均偏差,集料表面纹理粗糙度可以划分为4级.     

射频热凝靶点消融术在颈腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的观察射频热凝靶点消融术在治疗颈腰椎间盘突出症中的疗效及安全性,并对该新技术的推广应用做出评估。方法对120例经CT或MRI检查确诊的颈腰椎间盘突出症患者,根据临床症状、CT或MRI结果确定射频热凝的靶点位置,在C型臂引导下穿刺到靶点,通过椎间盘造影确定电极已进入靶点,再行阻抗测试、电生理测试及温度测试后,给予86-94℃温度,对靶点进行热凝消融。此时,通常可以复制出原有的腰腿痛症状,用此温度治疗4个周期,每个周期100 s。结果本组120例患者,经过该技术治疗后,其中73例治疗效果达优级,30例治疗效果良好,13例效果较差,4例无效,优良率85.8%。有4例患者术后并发轻微头痛、头晕等不适症状,均于2日内消失。余无其他并发症。结论射频热凝靶点消融术是目前治疗腰椎间盘突出症的最新的、且安全有效的方法。     

Multi-element ultrasound phased array applicator for the ablation of deep-seated tissue

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has attracted increasing interests as a promising noninvasive modality for the treatment of deep tumors in the thoracic and abdominal cavity. A 90-element HIFU spherical phased array applicator operated at 1MHz has been developed for deep tissue ablation. The spherical array with a 5 cm wide central hole has a 21 cm diameter and an 18 cm radius of curvature. Annular element distribution with unequal element spacing is used to reduce the number of elements. The array is constructed with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT-8) circular elements that are 1.4 cm in diameter and have a wall with thickness of 0.2 cm. The array offers an effective ablating depth of at least 8 cm in the tissue for both simulations and ex vivo experiments. The simulations demonstrate that the developed array can steer the focus with good quality of intensity distributions up to 6mm off center over ranges from 17 to 21 cm when the water depth is set at 11 cm. We also present the beam focusing capability in deep tissue through a series of ex vivo experiments by measuring discoloration areas after sonications. These results indicate that the developed array is ideal for the ablation of deep-seated tissue.     

基于复轮廓波域高斯比例混合模型SAR图像去噪

在分析了SAR图像的噪声成因及其噪声模型的基础上,提出了一种适用于复轮廓波变换域的高斯比例混合模型的SAR图像去噪（CCT-GMS）算法.本文所提出的算法具有多方向多尺度移不变性,并且充分的利用了复轮廓波的时域和频域的特性,改善了图像的视觉效果.实验结果表明：相比使用小波-轮廓波加上Cycle Spinning去噪,本文算法的峰值信噪比提高2 dB,相比使用BLS-GMS去噪,本文的算法抑制了人造纹理产生,视觉效果得到了明显的改善.     

NOVEL METHOD FOR TEXTURE DISCRIMINATION USING WAVELETS

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