面向平顺性仿真的越野汽车动态模型

首先根据越野汽车的结构特点和平顺性试验方法建立越野汽车静态模型;然后把平顺性虚拟测试过程视为变化的系统,从集合观点建立其动态模型,并把多种越野路面包括在模型中。测试结果表明,该建模方法可以用来表征不同越野车型随时间和空间变化的激励与响应特征,扩大了越野汽车平顺性虚拟测试系统的适用范围。     

Ride Dynamics of High-Speed Tracked Vehicles: Simulation with Field Validation

SUMMARY

Ride dynamic behaviour of a typical high-speed tracked vehicle, such as a conventional military armoured personnel carrier (APC) negotiating rough off-road terrains, is studied through computer simulations and field tests. A comprehensive ride dynamic simulation model is developed, assuming constant forward vehicle speed and non-deformable terrain profile. The ride model includes dynamic track load and wheel/track-terrain interaction. Dynamic track load is modeled in view of track belt stretching and initial track tension, whereas an equivalent damper and continuous radial spring formulation is employed to model wheel/track-terrain interaction. Field testing of a APC subjected to discrete half round obstacles of various radii, a sinusoidal course, a random course, and a Belgian Pave\ is carried out for various vehicle configurations and speeds. Computer simulation results are validated against field measured results. The comparison of measured and predicted results shows generally good agreement.     

A Track-Wheel-Terrain Interaction Model for Dynamic Simulation of Tracked Vehicles

A mathematical model of track-wheel-terrain interaction is presented that supports the dynamic simulation of tracked vehicles. This model combines approximate and known constitutive laws for terrain response with a new representation for the track segment. The resulting track-wheel-terrain model allows the computation of the track tension and the normal and shear forces at the track-terrain interface as the track negotiates terrain of arbitrary profile. A key feature of this model is the uniform treatment of contact between the track and the roadwheels and the track and the terrain. Treating both contact problems in the same manner significantly simplifies the problem formulation and also reduces difficulties in computing points of track-wheel and track-terrain separation. The model takes the form of a two-point nonlinear boundary value problem that accounts for tension variations along the track (due to the non-uniformly distributed normal pressure and traction), track extensibility, and geometrically large (nonlinear) track deflections. Solutions are obtained using a finite element formulation. Both the model and the solution method are formulated for implementation within a multibody dynamics code for simulating full vehicles. Several examples illustrate the capabilities of the proposed model.     

Analytical Tire Models for Dynamic Vehicle Simulation

Four basic tire models suitable for dynamic vehicle simulation are formulated. The models are compared through a six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear simulation of a cargo truck crossing rough ground. Guidelines are developed for the selection of an optimum tire model for a given dynamic vehicle simulation.     

Dynamics of Tracked Vehicles

This paper provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of tracked vehicle dynamics, including mobility over soft terrain, ride dynamics over rough surfaces and manoeuvrability. It is found that considerable progress has been made in the development of analytical frameworks for evaluating and predicting tracked vehicle mobility over soft terrain, taking into account the characteristics of terrain response to normal and shear loading. Certain computer simulation models for tracked vehicle mobility have been gaining increasingly wide acceptance by industry and governmental agencies in product development and in procurement. It is also found that most of the research on tracked vehicle ride dynamics and manoeuvrability is confined to operations on rigid surfaces. To achieve a realistic evaluation and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of tracked vehicles in the field, the key is to have a better understanding of terrain response to dynamic vehicular loading, including its dynamic stiffness and damping. Challenges that face vehicle dynamicists in this emerging field are identified.     

Dynamics of Tracked Vehicles

SUMMARY

This paper provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of tracked vehicle dynamics, including mobility over soft terrain, ride dynamics over rough surfaces and manoeuvrability. It is found that considerable progress has been made in the development of analytical frameworks for evaluating and predicting tracked vehicle mobility over soft terrain, taking into account the characteristics of terrain response to normal and shear loading. Certain computer simulation models for tracked vehicle mobility have been gaining increasingly wide acceptance by industry and governmental agencies in product development and in procurement. It is also found that most of the research on tracked vehicle ride dynamics and manoeuvrability is confined to operations on rigid surfaces. To achieve a realistic evaluation and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of tracked vehicles in the field, the key is to have a better understanding of terrain response to dynamic vehicular loading, including its dynamic stiffness and damping. Challenges that face vehicle dynamicists in this emerging field are identified.     

越野车驾驶室电器用检测器

介绍对越野车驾驶室电器进行预先检测的重要性,详细论述一种新型越野车驾驶室电器用检测器的设计思想、基本结构、工作原理和使用方法。应用该检测器对驾驶室的电器进行检测,操作简单、方便,减轻了产品检验的工作难度和劳动强度,提高了工作效率。     

越野车车门过线橡胶护套的设计与分析

本文介绍某越野车车门过线橡胶护套的设计方法及过程。首先利用IPS仿真软件,建立两种类型线束护套的仿真模型,并对线束赋予材料属性、重力,对比两种类型的车门过线护套在车门打开和关闭过程中的运动情况,选出更合适的护套方案;然后对所选方案的橡胶护套长度进行优化;最后,对橡胶护套进行100000次开关门台架试验,结果显示,该橡胶护套可以满足设计需求。此设计过程结合了IPS仿真软件,较为真实地反映了橡胶护套的运动情况及拉伸量,减少了设计时间,提升了设计效率并降低了开发成本,对同类型汽车车门过线橡胶护套的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

越野汽车变传动比差速器的研究

提出了一种新型变传动比锥齿轮差速器，其特点是传动比变化周期突破了单周节限制，变化幅度得以显著增大，从而增大了差速器锁紧系数，提高了汽车的越野通过能力。给出了一种非圆锥齿轮副传动的啮合分析方法，以曲面上曲线的短程曲率为桥梁和纽带，将球面节曲线伸展成平面当量节曲线，进而把复杂的球面啮合阿题简化成平面啮合问题。     

EQ2102型越野车前轮摆振问题的研究

从前轮摆振的一般概念入手,阐明了前轮摆振问题的形成机理、技术对策,结合EQ2102型越野车的前轮摆振实际。深入分析了该问题产生的原因,系统地提出了工艺、产品等方面的解决方案,并获得了良好的实际效果。     

轻型越野车车轮定位与悬架的相互影响

分析了轻型越野车采用悬架系统相应的车轮定位特性,通过对侧倾中心和车身侧倾角的分析,得出了车轮定位与悬架相互影响的工程理论研究方法,并通过ADAMS仿真分析和道路试验给予了验证。     

越野车复合型悬架平顺性的研究

为解决越野车在复杂路面行驶过程中平顺性较差的问题,本文中在某型越野车原悬架系统上加装空气弹簧,形成新型复合型悬架结构.首先为探究越野车悬架系统的振动机理,通过对越野车空气弹簧和原悬架系统进行理想化结构分析,构建出了空气弹簧与螺旋弹簧相并联的复合型悬架系统模型;然后针对越野车行驶要求,提出了一种新型工作模式切换控制策略,...     

提高某越野运兵车乘坐舒适性的悬架设计

文章针对某越野运兵车,通过对悬架系统的结构和零部件进行改进设计,来提高运兵车的乘坐舒适性。     

Damper Models for Heavy Vehicle Ride Dynamics

SUMMARY

A laboratory rig for testing hydraulic dampers using the ‘hardware-in-the-loop’ method is described, and the accuracy of the test method is investigated. A mathematical model of a hydraulic shock absorber is then developed. The model is suitable for vehicle simulations and has seven parameters which can be determined by simple dynamic measurements on a test damper. The shock absorber model is validated under realistic operating conditions using the test rig, and the relative importance of various features of the model on the accuracy of vehicle simulations is investigated.     

Spatial Dynamics of Multibody Tracked Vehicles Part II: Contact Forces and Simulation Results

In this part of the paper, three dimensional computational capabilities, that includes significant details, are developed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of large scale spatial tracked vehicles. Three dimensional nonlinear contact force models that describe the interaction between the track links and the vehicle components such as the rollers, sprockets, and idlers as well as the interaction between the track links and the ground are developed and used to define the generalized contact forces associated with the vehicle generalized coordinates. Tangential friction and contact forces are developed in order to maintain the stability of the track motion and avoid the slippage of the track or its rotation as a rigid body. Body and surface coordinate systems are introduced in order to define the spatial contact conditions. The nonlinear equations of motion of the tracked vehicle are solved using the velocity transformation procedure developed in the first part of this paper. This procedure is used in order to obtain a minimum set of differential equations, and avoid the use of the iterative Newton-Raphson algorithm. A computer simulation of a tracked vehicle that consists of one hundred and six bodies and has one hundred and sixteen degrees of freedom is presented in order to demonstrate the use of the formulations presented in this study.     

Damper Models for Heavy Vehicle Ride Dynamics

A laboratory rig for testing hydraulic dampers using the 'hardware-in-the-loop' method is described, and the accuracy of the test method is investigated. A mathematical model of a hydraulic shock absorber is then developed. The model is suitable for vehicle simulations and has seven parameters which can be determined by simple dynamic measurements on a test damper. The shock absorber model is validated under realistic operating conditions using the test rig, and the relative importance of various features of the model on the accuracy of vehicle simulations is investigated.     

四轮车辆非平稳路面不平度时域模拟及小波分析

建立了非平稳的四轮相关滤波白噪声路面时域模型，并用计算机模拟得出四轮的路面不平度时间序列。理论验证的结果表明该模型与路面的实际情况非常接近，进而采用谱分析、小波分析等数据处理技术对路面信号的时频特征进行了深入的探讨，得出了一些有价值的结论。