Research on the sound metric of door-slamming sound based on leaky integration and wavelet decomposition

The evaluation of the sound quality of door-slamming has become one of the important issues in vehicle noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) analysis. For the sound quality evaluation of door-slamming, a new sound metric, named as sound metric based on critical band wavelet decomposition (SMCBWD), is developed. In the new sound metric, the sound signals of door-slamming are sampled and the signal component of the door-slamming sound which has the great influence on the quality of door-slamming is extracted by using the leaky integration method. The extracted signal component is then decomposed by wavelets based on the critical bands and the coefficients of wavelet decomposition are calculated. Based on the energy of the frequency weighted wavelet decomposition coefficients, the new sound metric, SMCBWD, is calculated. In order to verify the effectiveness of SMCBWD, the correlation coefficients between the new sound metric and the subjective sound quality performance value of door-slamming, as well as between the traditional sound metrics (loudness, sharpness) and the subjective sound quality performance value of door-slamming have been calculated, respectively. The results show that the new sound metric developed in this paper has the higher correlations with the subjective sound quality performance value when compared with the traditional sound metric of loudness and sharpness. Thus, SMCBWD can be used to evaluate the sound quality of door-slamming more accurately.     

Objective evaluation of door-closing sound quality based on physiological acoustics

This paper presents a new method to objectively quantify the sound quality of doors closing in premium passenger cars. In previous works, psychoacoustic parameters have been used for objective quantification. However, these parameters do not agree well with subsequent subjective assessments. Therefore, the correlation between the psychoacoustic parameters and the subjective rating of door closing sounds in sampled cars is low, and it is not sufficient to use psychoacoustic parameters as an objective metric to quantify the quality of door-closing sounds. In this paper, a new method is proposed to objectively quantify the sound quality based on physiological acoustics and statistical signal processing. A gammatone filter is used as a pre-processing method in models of the auditory system and kurtosis, which is the fourth-order moment of the temporal signal and is used to extract quantitative information about the quality of door-closing sounds. The new metric obtained from the proposed method is highly correlated to subjective ratings and has been successfully applied to the quantification of door-closing sound quality.     

Objective evaluation of the sound quality of the warning sound of electric vehicles with a consideration of the masking effect: Annoyance and detectability

This study developed a method to evaluate the sound quality of the warning sound masked by background noise considering the masking effect. The warning sound of an electric vehicle is required by law for the safety of pedestrians. Therefore, the warning sound becomes an additional noise pollution source if it is designed as an annoyance. On the other hand, if the sound is designed with a low sound pressure level, pedestrians will not recognize the approach of vehicle due to background noise. To avoid nose pollution and permit the detectability of an approaching vehicle, a method for evaluating the annoyance and detectability of an electric vehicle is required. In this paper, the whine index evaluating the whine sound masked by the background was developed and used as a sound metric. This metric was employed for the development of an annoyance index and detectability index for electric vehicles.     

主观评价声品质参数的计算

传统的基于客观指标的噪声评价方法已经不能满足新车型的开发要求。为了更好地体现客户的主观感受。在评价噪声的过程中引入基于主观评价的声品质方法。文章详细介绍了语言清晰度、响度及尖锐度3个声品质参数的计算方法,对4辆不同品牌排量为1.3L的两厢乘用车进行车内匀速噪声测试,并进行了客观评价和主观评价。通过对比可以看出,基于主观的噪声评价方法更真实地反映了车辆的噪声水平和品质。     

Objective evaluation of human perception of automotive sound based on physiological signal of human brain

This paper presents a novel approach to apply the physiological signal of the human brain to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. In the previous work, psychoacoustic metrics were applied to the sound quality evaluation of automotive sound. Loudness among psychoacoustic metrics is used for one of major sound metrics for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound inside a car. Subjective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound shows different results depending on the two different groups of participants. One group liked powerful sound when a car is accelerated: the other group liked the refine sound. Loudness of the acceleration sound is not correlated with the subjective rating of the former group whilst it is correlated with that of the latter group. This evaluation suggests that for the people who like the powerful acceleration sound, it needs to find the sound metric for the objective evaluation of the sound quality of the acceleration sound. In this paper, a driver’s brain signal is measured using electroencephalography (EEG) when a driver hears the acceleration sound of passenger cars. The signal is analyzed to obtain the relationship between brain signals and human perception. According to these results, the alpha wave correlates to the human perception of powerful sound quality of passenger cars. This interesting relationship can be used for objective evaluation of passenger car sounds.     

汽车声品质主客观评价方法研究

阐述了汽车产品开发过程中声品质主观评价方法的不足,介绍了各心理声学参数的应用。以10种类型轿车在不同车速下不同位置座椅处的耳旁噪声为评价对象,对车内噪声品质用成对比较法进行了主观评价试验;分析计算了各噪声样本的主要心理声学客观参数;在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,通过相关分析和多元回归分析,建立了匀速车内噪声主观偏好性与心理声学参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,与轿车匀速车内噪声品质相关的主要心理声学参量根据车速的不同而不尽相同。     

Quality evaluation of car window motors using sound quality metrics

In this paper, a method to establish a decision criterion to evaluate the quality of small window motors using sound quality (SQ) metrics is suggested. Although the sound level radiated from the motor is relatively small compared to other sounds in a car, the sound from an abnormal motor gives an uncomfortable feeling and the impression of abnormal operation, which can lead to customer complaints. To construct an objective decision criterion, the correlation between the SQ metrics and the subjective decision on the passing or failure of the motor were investigated. Four representative SQ metrics, viz., loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength, were calculated for the collected samples. It was observed that the loudness and roughness of the motor sample group classified as abnormal was higher than those of the normal motors. For a single figure rating for motor quality, an evaluation index for the motor sound was generated by combining the correlated SQ metrics with proper weightings. Evaluation results on the specimens that were not employed in generating the quality evaluation index showed a reasonable agreement with the subjective test at 73%. The suggested quality check method can replace the current subjective decision procedure to identify the faulty motors.     

基于整车路噪性能提升的轮胎优化设计

为提升整车路噪性能,本文中基于虚拟试车场技术和代理模型优化方法对轮胎参数进行了优化.通过集成试验场扫描所得路谱、CDTire轮胎模型和整车声固耦合模型,建立了整车路噪仿真环境.采用最优拉丁超立方采样、Kriging模型和多岛遗传算法构造了优化模型.以轮胎关键物理参数为设计变量,驾驶员外耳声压级均方根为优化目标,测点三向...     

车内声品质主观评价模型及中频噪声优化

为研究特种车车内声品质,对3辆不同类型特种车进行实车道路实验,建立了主观评价烦躁度和声品质客观参数之间的Kriging模型,通过滤波分析得到不同频段声品质参数对主观评价结果的影响。建立了混合FE-SEA模型,以计算车内中频噪声,并与实验数据进行对比,验证模型精度。计算了车身主要板件对车内中频噪声的声学贡献度,找到对车内声压贡献较大的板件,并对其进行优化,有效降低了车内中频噪声。     

Application of a sound insulation panel with ventilation holes to the engine under-cover

Reducing engine noise is one of the most important issues in lowering vehicle exterior noise. An engine under-cover is one effective measure for reducing engine noise. However, the size of the under-cover is limited by the need to ensure sufficient engine cooling performance. To solve this problem, a new sound insulation panel with ventilation holes was developed and applied to the engine under-cover. The panel accomplishes sound insulation by controlling the acoustic anti-resonance of sound waves transmitted through the ventilation holes. This paper describes guidelines for applying the panel to the engine under-cover from the viewpoints of acoustics and fluid dynamics.     

轿车车窗上升过程声品质预测模型研究

针对声品质主观评价试验成本高的问题,提出一种基于车窗上升过程稳态噪声和瞬态噪声的声品质预测模型。采集24款轿车左前门车窗上升过程的噪声信号,在时域上划分为具有瞬态噪声特征的启动阶段、停止阶段和具有稳态噪声特征的平稳运行阶段,分别计算出3个阶段的客观评价参数。通过主观评价试验得到每款样本车的主观评价结果。运用BP神经网络建立了车窗上升过程的声品质预测模型,预测结果表明,此方法提取的客观评价参数能反映左前门车窗上升过程的声品质特征,BP神经网络建立的声品质预测模型具有较高准确度和泛化能力,能在一定程度上代替评测员对车窗上升过程声品质进行评价。     

Improvement of noise reduction performance by decreasing air-flow resistance ff sound insulation materials

Conventionally, sound insulation materials have been applied to control interior noise above 500 Hz, and damping materials to control interior noise below 500 Hz. In this paper, the acoustical materials for vehicle panels, which consists of damping materials and sound insulation materials, are investigated by using a two-degrees-of-freedom system.The investigation shows that sound insulation materials can become effective to reducing interior noise below 500 Hz byducin their stiffness. This stiffness depends on not only the spring of the material itself but also on the pneumatic spring which is determined by air-flow resistance.This paper concludes with applications of techniquws to reduce interior noise below 500 Hz by improving sound insulation materials.     

某型汽车后减振器异响分析与改进

针对某型车总装下线后经过绳索路面时车内出现明显的冲击异响问题,进行主观评价和客观测量,判定异响来自后减振器上支撑总成,并对上支撑总成进行优化改进.     

全油门加速工况车内声品质研究

以23辆乘用车的3挡全油门加速工况的车内噪声为研究对象,对车内声品质采用等级评分法进行主观评价试验,分析计算各噪声样本的心理声学参数和非心理声学的客观参数,并应用多元线性回归理论建立声品质预测模型。研究表明,响度、线性度和粗糙度是影响听众对全油门加速噪声主观感受的最重要的因素,模型预测结果与主观评价试验结果相关系数R~2为0.853,预测值与主观评价实测值吻合度较高,所建立的声品质评价模型在统计学上是有意义的。     

汽车道路耐久性试验中的主观评价体系研究

讨论了汽车道路耐久性试验中主观评价原理及与客观评价的区别,并提出一种动态主观评价模板.阐述了主观评价体系在静态感知、操纵稳定性、噪声品质、舒适性等方面的应用.     

基于模拟器的道路安全评价方法

针对在建成道路之前很难对设计道路的安全性进行有效的评价,提出了基于驾驶模拟器对设计道路进行安全评价的主客观评价模型,并对专家意见法、熟练驾驶员评价法和新手评价法三种主观评价方法,视距评价法、眼动评价法、汽车的稳定性评价法和道路线形宜人性评价法四种客观评价方法进行了探讨,分析了两种类型评价方法的优缺点。     

噪声地图技术在高速公路噪声污染防治中的应用研究

噪声地图是一种通过声压级分布来体现特定区域或点位噪声强度的声学仿真技术,一般用于医院、学校等特殊声功能区的噪声监测与控制。基于江苏盐靖高速K166段的噪声状况,本研究首次将噪声地图应用于高速公路交通噪声防治方案的设计,通过一般敏感点监测、噪声衰减断面监测及24h连续监测等3种监测方法对该路段进行了系统的环境噪声质量监测,在此基础上建立了噪声地图仿真模型并提出了降噪方案。     

某纯电动汽车用HVAC空调箱轰鸣声优化方案研究

声品质作为体现整车舒适性的一个重要指标,越来越受到人们的重视。本文针对某纯电动汽车用空调箱轰鸣声产生的机理进行了系统的分析。通过CFD仿真分析、半消音室近场测量验证、主观评价等,确定空调箱内部流道产生涡流是引起轰鸣声的主要原因。通过空调箱内部流场优化,使空调箱轰鸣声得到改善,提高了空调箱的声品质。试验验证及主观评价结果表明,此轰鸣声优化方案效果良好,具有重要的参考与指导价值。     

汽车定置噪声限值及测量方法研究

基于目前执行的定置噪声标准GB/T 14365-2017《声学机动车辆定置噪声声压级测量方法》,以某企业为例,重点分析了试验实施的具体方法,通过对标准内容解读,提出了一种同一车系定置噪声的视同判定方法,对整车企业具有一定的指导意义。     

Suspension system state estimation using adaptive Kalman filtering based on road classification

This paper provides a new method to solve the problem of suspension system state estimation using a Kalman Filter (KF) under various road conditions. Due to the fact that practical road conditions are complex and uncertain, the influence of the system process noise variance and measurement noise covariance on the estimation accuracy of the KF is first analysed. To accurately estimate the road condition, a new road classification method through the vertical acceleration of sprung mass is proposed, and different road process variances are obtained to tune the system’s variance for the application of the KF. Then, road classification and KF are combined to form an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) that takes into account the relationship of different road process noise variances and measurement noise covariances under various road conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed AKF algorithm can obtain a high accuracy of state estimation for a suspension system under varying International Standards Organisation road excitation levels.