埋地管道外防腐层的检测与修复

防腐层性能的好坏直接影响到管道的使用寿命。而由于施工质量、自然老化等原因导致埋地管道防腐层破损的现象时有发生。因此,适时开展防腐层的检测与修复十分必要。在分析国内埋地管道防腐技术现状的基础上,介绍了目前常用的几种管道外防腐层检测技术和防腐层修复工艺,最后根据济淄线管道防腐层检测与修复的实践,提出了几点建议。     

水平定向钻管道防腐层的选择和检验

文中从讨论管道防腐层的机械性能和检验方法出发,分析了水平定向钻管道防腐层的质量影响因子及常用防腐层机械性能对比试验,介绍了水平定向钻管道防腐层的抗磨损层选择方法和工程经验。研究表明,推荐采用环氧类涂层用于水平定向钻管道表面抗磨损。水平定向钻穿越后,利用管道阴极保护馈电试验和防腐层平均电导率可以有效评估穿越后防腐层的质量。     

埋地管道防腐层破损点检测技术综合应用研究

对防腐层完整性检测尤其是对防腐层破损点的精确定位,及对检出大、中面积破损点开挖修补,是确保土壤跟管道的有效绝缘、提高阴极保护效果的关键。文中分析了常用埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点检测技术特点,结合现场检测实践,综合应用多种技术,能有效检测埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点。根据测量数据可以判断破损点大小以及是否开挖修理,在管道安全运行及检测的经济性之间寻找结合点。     

PCM检测技术在管道外防腐层的应用

燃气管道防腐性能对燃气输送设备状态的影响非常大,利用防腐层检测技术可以有效地对燃气管道使用性能进行系统检测。文中介绍了PCM检测技术及其原理,对比了几种常用的外防腐层检测技术,通过工程实例,利用PCM检测技术对某段埋地钢质燃气管道进行了检测与数据分析,评价了该段埋地钢质燃气管道外防腐层的质量,给工程应用提供参考,提高防腐层检测的准确性。     

埋地管道防腐层缺陷地面检测技术最新进展

本文结合国内实际情况,分析了目前国内常用的埋地管道防腐层缺陷地面检测技术的优缺点,介绍国外广泛应用的ＤＣＶＧ和ＣＩＰＳ联合对防腐层破损进行检测的技术原理,同时,介绍了防腐层剥离检测的最新研究进展。     

石油沥青防腐管道腐蚀特点及防护

介绍了石油沥青防腐管道的腐蚀特点,并在分析、总结埋地石油沥青防腐管道内检测、防腐层大修的基础上提出了防护对策,具有一定的借鉴作用。     

油气站场埋地管网腐蚀控制技术

介绍了国内外站场管道的腐蚀情况,并分别从防腐层、区域性阴极保护、在线监/检测角度进一步对比分析了国内外油气站场埋地管道的腐蚀控制情况;从防腐层和阴极保护两方面总结了站场埋地管道腐蚀的主要原因,制订了相应的腐蚀控制对策;并根据国内站场腐蚀的具体情况,从表面处理、防腐材料性能指标、防腐层结构和防腐等级设计几方面对优化站场管道防腐层提出了相应的建议.     

SEBF熔融结合环氧粉末防腐层

叙述了钢套钢直埋蒸汽管道外防腐层选择的原则,对目前常用的3种防腐层性能进行了比较,在不同试验条件下,对SEBF耐温型熔融结合环氧粉末涂层电阻值、增重率、抗CI-应力腐蚀性能、抗腐蚀疲劳性能及耐温性能进行了试验验证。     

输油,气管道沥青防腐层判废方法浅析

运行２０￣３０年的输油、气管道沥青防腐层进入老龄期,防腐层的判废成为输油企业亟待解决的问题。文章指出科学准确地进行防腐层判废是合理利用资金,搞好防腐层大修工作的重要前期工作。并结合鲁宁管道防腐层判废方法和实际经验,提出管道沥青防腐层判废的科学途径是把防腐层绝缘电阻率、阴极保护系统运行参数、防腐层检补漏情况有机结合起来科学分析,最后确定需防腐层大修的段落,确保防腐层判废有较好的准确率。     

复杂地区管道外防腐层的选择

本文大分析土壤环境对管道的化学和物理破坏作用的基础上，根据复杂地区管道外防腐层的具体要求，提出了埋地钢质管道外防腐层的选择原则。目前可供选择的各类防腐层很多，每种防腐层都有一定的适用范围，基本原则是确保管道防腐绝缘性能，在此基础上再考虑施工方便、经济合理等因素，通过技术经济分析与评价确定最佳方案。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.