Prediction of Welding Residual Stress in 2. 25Cr-1Mo Steel Pipe

Introduction2.25Cr-1Mo-steel is widely used in thepetroleum industry and in steam power generatingof both nuclear and conventional power plants be-cause of its excellent high-temperature strength,corrosion resistibility,and resistance to high-tem-perature hydrogen attack.Because several alloy el-ements are added into2.25Cr-1Mo-steel,marten-site is prone to form after welding.It has been rec-ognized that phase transformation can radically af-fect the development of residual stresses[1-2].Inor…     

Ignition-proof properties of a high-strength Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

<正>A high-strength Mg-15.3Gd-l.8Ag-0.3Zr(GQ152K,mass fraction) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy process.The solution and aging(denoted as T6) treated alloy exhibits remarkable mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 421 MPa and tensile yield strength of 309MPa.It has higher igniting temperature of 1208 K.Moreover,it can stand against flame at 1203 K for over 6 min in vertical burning tests, and its flammabiUty behavior is very similar to that of 6101A1 alloy.Vertical burning tests appear to be able to directly study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys and it appears to be a good approach to study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys in an aircraft fire accident.     

Modeling, identification and simulation of DC resistance spot welding process for aluminum alloy 5182

Currently the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding(AA-RSW) has been extensively used for light weight automotive body-in-white manufacturing.However the aluminum alloys such as AA5182 have inferior weldability for forming the joint due to their high reflectiveness to heat and light.Therefore it is necessary to further develop the high performance control strategy and the set-up of a new welding schedule.The welding process identification is the essential issue where the difficulty arises from the fact that the AA-RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal,electrical,mechanical and metallurgical dynamics.To understand this complicated physical phenomenon a novel dual-phase M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the AA-RSW electrical-thermal process and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs.Based on the experimental information,the transfer function of an AA-RSW electrical- thermal mechanism is identified,and the optimum model order and parameters are determined.Subsequently a control-oriented DC AA-RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm.The simulated results of the control model show agreement with the experimental data,which validates its feasibility for the corresponding welding control.     

Some Key Technologies of a New-type CNC Curve Grinding Machine

This paper presented a new-type CNC curve grinding machine, in order to conquer the disadvantages of conventional NC curve grinding machine and improve surface quality, dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency. The new-type grinder adopts some high and new technologies: ① the normal tracing device could make grinding wheel coincide with the normal direction of the machining points in work piece, and improve surface quality and dimensional accuracy; ② the digital image on-line recognition system could monitor machining process and compensate wheel wear in real time; ③ linear motor drive mechanism could realize the exact adjustment of the grinding head digitally and increase the machining efficiency. The math models of normal tracing and circular tolerance zone were presented. The experimental results show that the new-type CNC curve grinding machine equipped with the three devices mentioned above is easy to realize the precision grinding of any complex curve, and improve surface quality, dimensional accuracy and machining efficiency.     

Feature extraction and modeling of welding quality monitoring in pulsed gas touch argon welding based on arc voltage signal

Arc sensing plays a significant role in the control and monitoring of welding quality for aluminum alloy pulsed gas touch argon welding （GTAW）. A method for online quality monitoring based on adaptive boosting algorithm is proposed through the analysis of acquired arc voltage signal. Two feature extraction algorithms were developed in time domain and frequency domain respectively to extract six statistic characteristic parameters before removing the pulse interference using the wavelet packet transform （WPT）, based on which the Adaboost classification model is successfully established to evaluate and classify the welding quality into two classes and the classified accuracy of the model is as high as 98.81%. The Adaboost algorithm has been verified to be feasible in the online evaluation of welding quality.     

Surface hardness evaluation of components made by color stereolithography

Surface hardness value is a commonly used indicator for describing the mechanical property of stereolithography parts. In order to investigate colorants how to influence the surface hardness of colorful resin component, a procedure is proposed to fabricate testing specimens based on color stereolithography technology in this study. Liquid photosensitive resin LPR2001 is mixed with two colorants （phthalocyanine blue and eosin powder） respectively before curing. The phthalocyanine blue powder is insoluble and only dispersive in the solid- liquid mixture which results in deposits. Therefore, surface modification is conducted to the phthalocyanine blue powder for improving wettability. By contrast, the eosin powder is dissoluble and does not cause any deposits in the liquid resin. Specimens are produced by laser curing colored resin and tested by MTSR Nano Indenter XP system. The change of hardness values is illustrated at certain mass percentages of colorant. Comparisons and discussions are carried out to explain the colorants＇ effect. It is concluded that incorporating colorant to liquid resin results in decreasing the surface hardness of components. But sensibilization effect of the colorants also influences the curing process. Surface modification to the phthalocyanine blue powder is a feasible method to increase the hardness value of color stereolithography components. Dissolvable eosin has an approximate linear effect on surface hardness.     

Closed Loop Space-Time Block Coding for Wireless Downlink Transmission

In order to improve the poor performance of Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) in a downlink correlated fading environment, a closed loop scheme is proposed. With the known channel fading statistics fed from the receiver, eigenbeamforming is utilized to improve the performance of STBC at the transmitter. The new system achieves the array and diversity gain simultaneously. Because reduced dimension processing is adopted, the proposed system has a relative simple structure compared with the traditional beamforming system. The validity of the scheme is verified in several situations by simulation experiments.     

PERFORMANCE OF A KIND OF PERMANENT MAGNETIC SUCKERS USED IN WALL-CLIMBING ROBOTS

IntroductionWall- climbing robots with magnetic tracks arewidely used in the fields such as oil tank surfaceinspection,paints spraying shown in Fig.1 .Therobot attaches to the steel wall surface due to anumber of magnetic suckers on both tracks andis driven by the rear chain wheels. In order todecrease the robot's weight and improve its at-tractive ability on steel wall surface,the mag-netic suckers should be small in size,light inweight and powerful in attractive force.Theseare some of the i…     

Geometrical design of blade＇s surface and boundary control of Navier-Stokes equations

In this article a new principle of geometric design for blade＇s surface of an impeller is provided. This is an optimal control problem for the boundary geometric shape of flow and the control variable is the surface of the blade. We give a minimal functional depending on the geometry of the blade＇s surface and such that the flow＇s loss achieves minimum. The existence of the solution of the optimal control problem is proved and the Euler-Lagrange equations for the surface of the blade are derived. In addition, under a new curvilinear coordinate system, the flow domain between the two blades becomes a fixed hexahedron, and the surface as a mapping from a bounded domain in R2 into R3 , is explicitly appearing in the objective functional. The Navier-Stokes equations, which include the mapping in their coefficients, can be computed by using operator splitting algorithm. Furthermore, derivatives of the solution of Navier- Stokes equations with respect to the mapping satisfy linearized Navier-Stokes equations which can be solved by using operator splitting algorithms too. Hence, a conjugate gradient method can be used to solve the optimal control problem.     

Advanced unified failure model on uniformly reinforced concrete box section members

Based on the traditional Nielsen model,a unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section members under combined forces was introduced by Luo and Liu.One of their contributions is adjustment of the shear carrying capacity of concrete at the member failure surface.In the unified failure model,the comparison with the experimental results verified this adjustment.Nevertheless,it should be pointed out that the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at member failure surface for the reinforced concrete members in the unified failure model is a fixed adjustment constant for all experiment data,which is basically determined by curve fitting.However,the adjustment factor should vary with the normal stress at the member failure surface.In this paper,an advanced theoretical model is introduced,in which the adjustment factor of shear carrying capacity at failure surface is a variable related to the normal stress at failure surface.Furthermore,the advanced unified failure model on the uniformly reinforced concrete box section member can still be expressed in a simple form.Finally,the comparison with several groups of test data has verified that this advanced model is more accurate and feasible to be used in design.     

激光熔覆涂层的组织特点与裂纹产生的机理探讨

碳钢、铸铁表面分别采用激光熔覆N i基、Fe基合金涂层,观察并分析了熔覆涂层界面及其显微组织和硬度特点,探讨了碳钢表面激光熔覆层裂纹产生的机理.     

激光熔覆技术在铝合金活塞生产中的应用

本文通过对生产实践中的激光熔覆实验和熔覆层抗蚀性试验的研究,说明在铝合金活塞生产中应用激光熔覆技术的可行性及其广阔的应用前景。     

2.25Cr-1Mo钢TIG堆焊Fe_3Al合金的研究

通过TIG堆焊工艺试验,建立了填充金属含铝量与Fe-Al合金堆焊层含铝量之间的对应关系,研究了含铝量对堆焊层裂纹倾向、显微组织,力学性能及断裂特征的影响规律,确定了获得Fe3Al合金堆焊层所要求的焊丝含铝量范围,为研制开发Fe3Al堆焊焊丝提供了依据.     

铝包钢线芯线自动对心功能的研究

介绍了铝包钢线连续挤压包覆工艺原理，通过分析模腔内芯线受力，推导出轴对压状态时芯线上的径向力计算式，进而证明当常摩擦因子与包覆模半锥角满足一定条件时，芯线在不平衡衡向作用下有自动对心功能。     

Analysis of stress and strain fields of laser cladding process on ring circular orbit

The cracking of coatings and the deformation of base frustrate the application of laser cladding technology especially on surface of the ring circular orbit. In order to solve the two problems above, the stress and strain fields of the laser cladding process on the ring circular orbit were analyzed through the finite-element method, based on the temperature field. The wedge module of the ring circular ring was the subject investigated. The calculating results show that during the cladding process the crank point tends to generate the transversal crack; the centre point on the coating/base interface tends to generate longitudinal crack; the intersecting edge of the coating and base tends to generate toe crack. Moreover, the cracking tendency of the outer marginal point is obviously greater than that of the inner marginal point. The rather high stress appears at the border position where the constraint exists, and the stress on the point in front of molten pool under the range of laser irradiation is large as well. And the displacement becomes larger as the cladding process proceeds.     

爆炸法制备钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层试验研究

采用爆炸法制备了钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层，利用热力学和爆轰波原理获得爆炸的各种参数，用爆轰波理论分析了试验的结果。由于曲面波的原因，造成涂层不均匀、试件变形较大，而含铝复合涂层较为均匀。为制备稳定的钛基体羟基磷灰石涂层提供了一种新方法。     

铜包钢线连续挤压包覆工艺试验研究

采用连续挤压包覆法生产铜包钢线是连续挤压技术的一次飞跃，为了对该技术进行深入研究，对连续挤压包覆成形进行了工艺分析，并通过工艺试验获得了质量良好的铜包钢线．研究结果表明，单槽连续挤压包覆工艺更适合于铜包钢线的生产．     

Ni60自熔性合金高频感应熔涂组织分析

研究分析了Ni60自熔性合金高频感应熔涂组织。结果表明:高频感应熔涂Ni基涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层与基体之间存在明显的扩散转移带,涂层组织中存在明显的柱状晶。高频感应熔涂涂层中有丰富的增强耐磨性的杂质相,能显著提高基体表面硬度。     

等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层性能的研究

金属基底上喷涂陶瓷涂层使表面具有耐磨、耐磨蚀、耐高温等特点,用运等离子涂技术在４５号钢表面喷涂Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３－３％、ＴｉＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、ＺｒＯ２－８％Ｙ２Ｏ３等四种陶瓷涂层,部分采用Ｎｉ包Ａｌ为打底层,检测陶瓷涂层的硬度,耐磨性及结合力等力学性能,并进行相和扫描电镜观察,四种陶瓷涂层的表面硬度达到７０－９０ＨＲ１５Ｎ;有打底层的陶瓷涂层的硬度稍大于无底层的涂层硬度;Ａｌ２Ｏ３－３％ＴｉＯ２     

Friction characteristics in green drilling titanium alloy Ti6Al4V

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, as difficult-to-cut material, has poor machinability. Conventional cutting fluid serves as a coolant and lubricant. In green drilling, water vapor is recognized as an effective coolant; however, its lubrication properties are not well known in drilling. This paper investigates the friction characteristics between chip and tool in green drilling Ti6Al4V, compared with that in sliding and turning process. A friction evaluation model is developed based on the equivalent model of drilling, then is used to calculate the effective friction coefficient. Results indicate that the friction coefficient on the tool-chip interface is considerably reduced in drilling by water vapor, so the drilling forces decrease, too. The friction coefficient decreases as velocity increases in drilling, which is different from the law of sliding tests; the friction coefficient increases when the distance to chisel edge increases.