一位船长的航海经历

历时84天的西向环球航行 我以前做过杂货船的水手、三副、二副、大副和船长,后来又当过多用途货船和小型集装箱船的船长,最终成为一艘大型集装箱船的指挥者.比较典型的航程是多次参与一艘大型集装箱班轮历时84天的西向环球航行——从上海港出发,在上海港引航员引领下驶出长江口,开往东海;在中国香港、新加坡短暂停留后,穿越马六甲海峡,经印度洋、亚丁湾、红海,过苏伊士运河,一路挂靠热那亚、巴塞罗那、瓦伦西亚,而后出直布罗陀海峡,跨越北大西洋,停靠纽约、萨瓦那、迈阿密,穿越巴拿马运河后,继续西行,旁经墨西哥海岸,停靠长滩、西雅图、温哥华,最终横渡北太平洋,经津轻海峡,入日本海,回到上海的母港.     

小流域综合治理塑造新农村建设的实践

隆德县把小流域综合治理与新农村建设结合起来,走"政府引导、农民主体、部门联动、社会参与"的原则,因地制宜、突出重点、综合治理,立足改善当地生态条件和生产条件,通过治理水土流失、调整农业产业结构、培育特色种植业,增加了农民收入、居住环境好转、基础设施加强、生产得到发展,民风、村貌改善,推动了流域新农村建设的全面发展。     

人民海军援越扫雷始末

美军布雷、北越求援雷 1972年3月30日,越南人民军和南方人民武装力量发动春季攻势,同时展开几个大规模的兵种协同进攻战役,兵锋直指南越北部的广治、中部的昆嵩、南部的平隆三个战略方向,在地方武装力量和群众政治力量的配合下,先后解放广治、新境、德都、禄宁,围困安禄,取得了节节胜利,沉重打击了南越政权。美国为了切断来自越南北方的支援,保住阢文绍傀儡政府,争取巴黎和谈的有利条件,在大举增调海空兵力、恢复轰炸越南北方的同时,于5月9日开始对越南北方沿海航道、港口、河道实施大规模的水雷封锁。仅5月9日清晨就出动海军舰载机100余架,各型舰只6艘,在对海防、广安、鸿基、涂山等沿海地区进行轰炸和炮击之后,即以A-6A、A-7E型舰载机40余架实施布雷,其后还多次进行补充布雷,逐步扩大范围,先后封锁了海防、勒苗等重要海上航道以及太平河、马江、格会口、格梭口、筝河、日丽河、城门河、红河口、文奥河、茶李河、勒县河、格禁河等内河航道。     

绿色船舶扬帆中国

船舶的终身绿色化,使环保概念落实到船舶管理、生产、运营的各个环节,对船舶设计、生产、运营、拆解过程中的防污、防漏、节能、减排等方面都有全新的要求,对工业界、航运业的影响可谓重大,为了使业界更好地了解“绿色船舶”,适应新发展的需要,本刊特开设“绿色视界”栏目,为广大读者全力打造一个宣传绿色船舶理念、介绍新要求、解读新规范、推广新经验的平台。     

欢迎订阅《水运管理》杂志

交通部优秀科技期刊中国高校特色科技期刊上海市新闻出版行业文明单位华东地区优秀期刊《水运管理》杂志创刊于1979年,系经新闻出版总署批准、上海海事大学主管主办的学术性期刊(月刊)。刊物的定位是:立足航运市场,面向全球物流,以水运为主,以管理为特色,服务经济。刊物内容涵盖航运、船舶、港口、航道、规划、仓储、现代物流、集装箱运输、多式联运、客运、船代、货代、外运、理货、投融资、财务、海事、航务、劳务、法     

2011—2012年度防抗海冰工作协调会在津召开

1月12日,由中国海上搜救中心主办,天津市海上搜救中心、天津海事局承办的“2011—2012年度防抗海冰工作协调会”在津成功召开。会议由中国海上搜救中心总值班室主任、中国海事局副局长翟久刚主持,来自中国海上搜救中心,海军,农业部,中国气象局,国家海洋局,交通运输部水运局、海事局、救捞局,中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司、中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司以及辽宁、河北、天津、山东海事局和天津、营口、秦皇岛港务集团的代表参加了会议。     

山西海事：夯实基础 建立长效机制

山西地处华北西部的黄土高原东翼,属于典型的非水网地区,全省通航总里程1234公里,其中,黄河流经山西省4个市、19个县（市、区）,通航里程971公里,是与蒙、陕、豫的天然分界线,沿黄地区经济发展缓慢,自然条件恶劣,渡运是两岸百姓生活、农作、交流的主要运输工具之一,具有点多、线长、面广的特点,船员大多数属于当地村民,     

责任、勇敢、技能、团队、创新、尊重、包容——新时代海员铸就

一、概述 海洋是地球的重要组成部分,是人们赖以生存的基础,也是世界经济发展、文化交流、文明进步、货物贸易的第一媒介。自人类有记载的历史以来,人们对海洋灾害或突发性的自然灾害,如：热带气旋（温带气旋）、台风（飓风）、风暴潮、大风、巨浪,严寒、海冰、海雾、地震、海啸等有着较为全面的认识并通过智慧规避这些海洋灾害的影响。     

《先进的电力推进舰船图文集——军用篇》

<正>(编号:E01,2011年正式出版物,16开幅面,210页,彩色铜板印刷,800元)该图文集汇集国外所有在役和在建的采用电力推进的军用舰船和军辅船,包括航空母舰、巡洋舰、驱逐舰、护卫舰、两栖登陆舰等及军辅船。内容详实、系统、全面,包含有舰船照片、建造时间、建造厂、服役时间、吨位、人员数量等数据,还提供有主要动力系统设备图、系统配置图,以及详尽的动力系统参数,当然还包括文字说明。本书可作为相关科技人员和管理者的参考书,也是目前     

全国港口行业2015年9月景气指数评点

2015年9月,我国港口行业景气指数为195.29点,环比下跌6.88点,跌幅为3.40%;同比上涨4.79点,涨幅为2.51%。从吞吐量统计数据来看,环比方面,当月全国港口货物吞吐量指数、外贸吞吐量指数、集装箱吞吐量指数分别下跌2.3%、8.3%、3.5%;同比方面,三项吞吐量指数分别上涨5.8%、2.0%、2.8%。从各区域港口环比情况来看,环渤海、长三角、长江中上游、海峡西岸、珠三角、     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

港口系统设备钢轨连接技术

港口系统设备一般外型尺寸和质量较大，多采用截面积较大的起重机钢轨作为行走轨道。根据港口系统设备使用特点和工程施工现场条件，结合码头和堆场结构，借鉴轻轨和重轨的无缝连接技术，对各种焊接工艺进行比较，分析钢轨的材料组成和焊接过程内部组织变化，推荐一种保证设备使用安全和操作人员舒适度、连接质量稳定、便于维护、操作简便、满足港口系统设备钢轨安装现场要求的连接方法和工艺,有助于实现工期目标，可推广应用于矿山、港口、电厂、码头及堆场等大质量机车或起重设备的钢轨连接。     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

广西沿海重力式码头病害分析

采用现场调查的方法,统计分析广西沿海重力式码头病害,主要有裂缝、水工结构附属设施病害、结构破损、不均匀沉降与位移、漏砂、基床淘刷等,讨论病害与泊位吨级、运营时间的关系以及病害的成因与危害,提出病害防治措施。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

具备开通闸条件的通航节制闸建设方案

通航节制闸运行调度原则与常规的船闸工程和水闸工程明显不同,针对其口门宽度、门槛水深、闸门形式、平面布置等关键技术问题,船闸工程和水闸工程规范尚无具体的要求。以邓楼节制闸重建工程为例,对现有的节制闸运行调度原则进行调整以满足开通闸通航的要求,同时通过实施工程补偿措施以满足原节制闸防洪水倒漾、引水灌溉、保护水质的功能。通过理论计算和对比分析等方法得知建设2孔净宽23 m、门槛水深5. 5 m的通航节制闸能够满足船舶安全通航和航道通过能力的要求,并得出"升卧式平面闸门能够适应长期低水头运行、高通航保证率要求特点"的结论。其确定运行规则、建设规模、闸门形式、布置方案的方法对类似项目的建设及船闸标准规范的完善均有借鉴意义。     

BIM技术在航道建设中的作用

航道工程具有施工工期长、施工影响因素多等特点。在航道工程的设计、施工、维护的各个阶段,随着对精细化管理的需求日趋提高,传统的实施方法已不能满足工程的强度与精度要求。从航道工程和BIM的特性入手,探讨了BIM技术在航道工程设计、施工、维护等各阶段的应用。在保证设计合理性的前提下,可通过BIM模型完成设计意图的表达与传递,从而保证航道工程的施工质量,以及后续维护阶段航道整治建筑物安全、稳定地发挥其作用。