Quantitative analysis of a novel antimicrobial peptide in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

We described the first results of a quantitative ultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry method for a novel antimicrobial peptide （phylloseptin, PSN-1）. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Waters bridged ethyl hybrid （BEH） C18 （50mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm） column with acetonitrile-water （25：75, v/v） as isocratic mobile phase. Mass spectrometry detection was performed in the positive electrospray ionization mode and by monitoring of the transitions at m/z 679.6/120, 509.6/120 （PSN-1） and m/z 340.7/165 （Thymopentin, IS）. Protein precipitation was investigated and the recovery was satisfactory （above 82%）. The method was shown to be reproducible and reliable with intra-day precision below 5.3%, inter-day precision below 14.2%, and linear range from 0.02 to 2 lag/mL with r〉0.994. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of PSN-1 in rats after intravenous administration.     

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence for determination of cloperastine hydrochloride

Objective To investigate the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of cloperustine hydrochloride.Methods ECL intensity of tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) rutheniumo(Ⅱ) was enhanced, the method for the determination of dupernstine hydrochloride was established using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemilumolinescence (ECL) detection. Results Under the optimum conditions, ECL intensity varied linearly with cloperastine hydrochloride concentration from 7.0×10-6 g/mL to 1.0×10-4 g/mL. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 8.05×10-7g/mL. he relative standard deviation of the ECL intensity and the migration time for 11 consecutive injections of 1.0 ×10-5g/mL cloperastine hydrochloride was 2.9% and 1.5%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to eloperastine hydrochloride tablet determination. Conclusion The method has been established, validated and applied for determination of cloperastine hydrochloride.     

Luminol-potassium permanganate chemiluminescence system for the determination of three anthracycline antibiotics

Objective To establish a flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of doxorubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrone and study its reaction mechanism. Methods In alkaline medium, chemiluminescence of luminol-potassium permanganate system could be inhibited obviously by anthracycline antibiotics. Combined with flow-injection technique, a new chemiluminescence method for determining the anthracycline antibiotics was set up. The chemiluminescence mechanism of the luminol-potassium permanganate system was also discussed. Results Under optimal conditions, the good linear ranges of doxorubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrone were 5.0×10-9-1.0×10-6g/mL, 1.0×10-9-1.0×10-5g/mL and 3×10-9-1.0×10-6g/mL, respectively. The detection limits of doxorubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrone were 3.0×10-9g/mL, 5.0×10-8g/mL and 2.0×10-9g/mL, respectively. During eleven repeated inter-day and intra-day precision tests of 1.0×10-6g/mL samples, the relative standard deviations corresponded to reference values of 3.0%, 2.8% and 2.1%. Conclusion The developed method is sensitive, accurate, rapid and of low cost. It can be applied to determine doxorubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin hydrochloride and mitoxantrone hydrochloride in injection preparations.     

流动注射化学发光法测定吩噻嗪类药物

目的确定以鲁米诺-高碘酸钾发光体系测定吩噻嗪类药物的化学发光分析方法。方法在碱性介质中,盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪对鲁米诺-高碘酸钾发光体系有明显的增敏作用,且增敏效果与其浓度呈良好的线性关系。基于此,建立了盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪的流动注射化学发光分析方法。结果在优化的实验条件下,盐酸氯丙嗪和盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围分别为3.0×10-9-1.0×10-6g/mL和3.0×10-8-7.0×10-5g/mL,检测限分别为5.0×10-10g/mL和7.3×10-9g/mL。结论本方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、线形范围宽,应用于相应注射剂和片剂分析,并与药典方法进行对照,结果令人满意。     

Determination of enantiomeric impurity of etomidate by high performance liquid chromatography

Objective To determine enantiomeric impurity of etomidate using high performance liquid chromatography. Methods (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate were isopropanol-n-hexane. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.5mL/min. The detected wavelength was 242nm. Results (R)-etomidate and (S)-etomidate could be separated completely under these conditions. The precision of (R)-etomidate was 1.57% (n=3). The limit of detection of (R)-etomidate was 4.25ng/mL. The average percentage content of (S)-etomidate was 0.09% in the samples. Conclusion The method was repeatable and sufficiently sensitive to determine the enantiomeric impurity of etomidate. It allows the quantitation of the impurities at the 0.085% (w/w) level relative to etomidate at a concentration of the test solution of 5mg/mL.     

Analysis of ganciclovir and its related substances using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods

Objective High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods were developed for the determination of ganciclovir and its related substances. Methods A Hypersil ODS2 column (4.6mm×250mm, 5μm) was used with a mobile phase of 0.02M potassium 1.0mL/min, and UV detector set at 254nm was used for monitoring the eluents. Results The method was simple, rapid, selective and capable of separating all related substances at trace level with a detection limit of 0.04μg/mL. It has been validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, and limits of detection and quantification. The linearity range was 10.2-153.0μg/mL with r=0.9998. The percentage recoveries ranged from 96.7% to 101.6%, and RSD was 1.24%-1.96% (n=5). Conclusion The method was found to be suitable not only for monitoring the reactions during the process development but also for quality control of ganciclovir. For identification of related substances, LC/MS was used. The mainly related substances of ganciclovir active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were determined as guanine, (1, 3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl acetate, and diacetyl guanine.     

LC-ESI-MS/MS, a modified method for simultaneous quantification of isoflavonoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in a Chinese herbal preparation Gegen-Qinlian decoction

A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established to simultaneously quantitate four categories of compounds (isoflavonoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins) in Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD). These compounds were separated by a Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C18 column with a linear gradient consisting of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile (B), and delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. All the analytes were determined by electrospray positive ionization tandem mass spectrometry in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and stability of the method were evaluated with the validation over the range of 4.0-538 5 ng/mL. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of a Chinese herbal preparation GQD successfully.     

超声观测高同型半胱氨酸血症兔内皮功能损伤与血管细胞粘附分子的关系

目的研究高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)兔血浆细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的变化与内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)的关系,探讨内皮功能损伤的机理。方法将22只新西兰兔随机分为两组,每组11只,分别喂食正常饲料(正常对照组)、L-蛋氨酸[0.8g/(kg.d)]饲料(蛋氨酸组),分别于0、20、40、60、80d取血检测NO和VCAM-1的浓度,同时应用高分辨力超声检测其髂外动脉EDD的改变。结果①与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔髂外动脉的EDD显著降低,且呈明显的时间依赖性[80d,(-1.74±3.58)%vs.0d,(13.43±4.13)%,P<0.01];②与正常对照组相比,蛋氨酸组兔血浆中NO明显降低[80d,(217.43±27.38)μmol/L vs.0d,(379.75±56.83)μmol/L,P<0.05],血浆VCAM-1却明显升高[80d,(0.091 2±0.009 7)ng/mLvs.0d,(0.047 2±0.004 7)ng/mL,P<0.01],亦呈现明显的时间依赖性。结论高分辨力超声检测到的内皮依赖性舒张功能降低与血浆粘附分子明显相关,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)导致内皮功能损伤是一个多途径的综合损伤。     

奋乃静药物的流动注射化学发光测定方法的建立

目的建立快速测定奋乃静的流动注射化学发光新方法。方法在硝酸介质中,奋乃静能被硫酸铈氧化生成发光物质奋乃静砜,从而产生化学发光。基于此,建立了奋乃静的流动注射化学发光分析方法。结果在优化的实验条件下,不用任何发光增敏剂,奋乃静在1.0×10-7-7.0×10-5g/mL范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为8.0×10-8g/mL,对1.0×10-6g/mL的奋乃静进行了11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.8%。结论本方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、线形范围宽,应用于奋乃静片剂分析,并与药典方法进行对照,结果满意。     

CE-ECL法同时测定复方磷酸可待因中三种成分的方法学研究

目的 建立毛细管电泳-电化学发光法分离并检测复方磷酸可待因中三种成分,磷酸可待因、马来酸溴苯那敏和盐酸麻黄碱含量的新方法.方法 基于碱性介质中,复方磷酸可待因溶液中三种主要成分对联吡啶钌在铂电极上的电化学发光信号的增敏作用,且增敏强度和药物浓度成线性关系,与毛细管电泳联用,建立了毛细管电泳-电化学发光法分离并检测其含量的新方法.结果 在优化的实验条件下,确定三种药物对照品的线性范围、线性方程和检出限.通过对浓度为1.0×10~(-5)kg/L的磷酸可待因、马来酸溴苯那敏和盐酸麻黄碱对照品进行12次平行测定,其ECL发光强度的RSD值分别为2.89%,3.76%,3.32%.结论 该方法可用于复方磷酸可待因口服溶液中三种主要成分的含量测定,待测样品中的基质不干扰测定,方法的回收率分别为100.4%,101.9%,99.8%(n=5).     

IS导管血管壁内局部导入c-myc反义寡核苷酸预防PTCA术后再狭窄的实验研究

目的　探讨IS导管局部导入c myc反义寡核苷酸及c myc反义寡核苷酸对血管平滑肌细胞的抑制作用。方法　 2 1只家兔 ,对照组 6只 ,反义寡核苷酸治疗组 15只。用IS导管导入c myc反义寡核苷酸 (1mg)于球囊损伤的髂动脉后 ,动脉血管造影。病理切片 ,图象分析测定新生内膜、中膜、面积和厚度 ,c myc蛋白免疫组化染色。 结果　动脉造影对照组 5 0 %～ 80 %局限狭窄 ,给药组 10 %～ 30 %局限狭窄。光镜观察结果显示 :血管内膜增生面积给药组为 (4.0 4± 1.0 2 )× 10 5μm2 ,对照组为 (7.6 6± 3.7)× 10 5μm ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;对照组c myc免疫组织化学染色阳性 ,给药组血管c myc免疫组织化学染色显示弱阳性或阴性。结论　IS导管可在体局部导入反义寡核苷酸于动脉损伤靶点 ;c myc反义寡核苷酸可抑制SMCs迁移、增生及新生内膜的形成     

脑梗塞患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与叶酸、B_(12)的关系

目的　研究同型半胱氨酸 (HCY)与脑梗塞的关系及叶酸、维生素B1 2 (B1 2 )对HCY水平的影响。方法　采用高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定 40例脑梗塞患者和 2 0例同龄健康对照组血浆HCY浓度 ,用SimulTRAC SNB放射法测定两组血清叶酸、B1 2 的含量。结果　①脑梗塞患者血浆HCY浓度 (2 4 0 2 μmol/L± 1 1 2 4 μmol/L)高于对照组 (1 4 0 μmol/L± 4 48μmol/L) (P <0 0 1 ) ;②脑梗塞患者叶酸水平 (4 82 μg/L± 1 97μg/L)显著低于对照组 (6 88μg/L± 2 85μg/L) (P <0 0 0 1 ) ;脑梗塞患者B1 2 含量 (2 4 7 56ng/L± 1 58 72ng/L)略低于对照组 (2 70 31ng/L±1 98 39ng/L) ,但无显著差异 (P >0 0 5) ,Pearson相关分析显示两组HCY浓度与叶酸水平均呈负相关性 ,与B1 2 水平无显著相关。结论　脑梗塞患者血浆HCY浓度高于同龄健康人 ;HCY浓度与叶酸水平呈负相关性 ,与B1 2 水平相关性不显著     

Flow-injection-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers

Objective To develop a rapid, simple and sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers (bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol). Methods The chemiluminescence of cerium (Ⅳ)-sulfite system was obviously sensitized by adding anyone of three β-blockers in acid media. A new chemiluminescence method was set up by combining with flow-injection technique and used to determine the three β-blockers. Results Good linear ranges were obtained at the concentrations of 2.0×10-7g/mL-4.0×10-5g/mL, 1.0×10-7g/mL-3.0×10-5g/mL and 7.0×10-7g/mL-1.0×10-5g/mL, respectively, with the detection limits of 5.0×10-8g/mL, 7.0×10-8g/mL and 5.0×10-8g/mL (S/N=3), respectively, and the relative standard deviations for 11 times consecutive injections of 1.0×10-6g/mL bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol were 3.57%, 2.21% and 2.26%, respectively. Conclusion The developed method is sensitive, accurate, rapid and of low cost. And it can be applied to determine bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations.     

Analysis and determination of diterpenoids in unprocessed and processed Euphorbia lathyris seeds by HPLC-ESI-MS

Euphorbia lathyris （Caper spurge） is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica （T/PCMM）. This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids （Euphorbia factors LI-L3, L7a, and Ls） with the spectra of UV and mass, quantifying three diterpenoids L1, L2, and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS）. The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm× 150mm i.d., 5 μm） with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm. An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor Lb 3.8-30.5μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2, and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor LB. The average recoveries （n=6） of three diterpenoids were 98.39%, 91.10% and 96.94%, respectively, with RSD of 2.5%, 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E. lathyris seeds were 3.435, 1.367 and 0.286 mg/g, respectively, which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E. lathyris seeds which were 4.915, 1.944 and 0.425 mg/g, respectively. The method is simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible, and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds.     

Serum concentrations of laminin and fibronectin in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Objective To study the serum iaminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) changes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and explore the role of them in assessing the severity of ACS. Methods This study included 46 ACS patients [25 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 21 with unstable angina (UA)], 51 stable angina (SA) patients and 47 people without CHD as controls. Serum levels of LN, FN, fibrinogen and blood fat were assessed. Coronary angiography were performed on 49 of them. Results The serum concentration of LN was lower in ACS patients [(85.20±27. 57)ng/mL], higher in SA patients [(116. 80 ± 28. 80)ng/mL] as compared to that in the control group [(100.06±29.96)ng/mL], with significant difference among the groups (P<0.05). No difference was found in FN among the three groups. However, the subgroup analysis in the group with ACS showed that the serum concentration of FN was significantly higher in UA patients [(229.60±121.39)μg/mL ], and lower in AMI patients [(108.31±47.12) μg/mL ]. The serum LN and FN concentration could respectively enter the logistic regression equations of ACS patients and US patients. Neither LN nor FN concentration was correlated with narrowing of coronary artery of angiography. Conclusion Serum LN and FN level may be a useful indicator for stability of atherosclerosis plaque in coronary arterial disease patients, but could not predict the extent of narrowing in coronary angiography.     

莫索尼定对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚及c-myc基因表达的影响

目的　研究国产盐酸莫索尼定 (Mox)对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)左室肥厚的逆转作用及其可能机制。方法　2 0周龄的雄性自发性高血压大鼠 30只随机分为①Mox +SHR组 ,②Cap +SHR组 ,③SHR组 ,每组 10只。另设性别、周龄相配的SD大鼠 10只为正常对照组 (NC组 )。观察期末 ,测量左心室重 体重 (LVW BW )、左室胶原分数(CVF)、标准化血管周胶原面积 (PVCA)、肌间动脉中膜厚度 (AMT)及左室组织c myc基因表达的变化。 结果　Mox+SHR组不仅LVW BW明显低于SHR组 [(3.4 6± 0 .13)mg·g- 1 vs(3.96± 0 .18)mg·g- 1 ,P <0 .0 1],CVF低于SHR组 [(0 .0 86± 0 .0 18)vs(0 .0 4 6± 0 .0 15 ) ,P <0 .0 1],PVCA少于SHR组 [(0 .6 9± 0 .11)vs(1.34± 0 .2 9) ,P <0 .0 1],AMT薄于SHR组 [(7.97± 0 .73) μmvs(11.91± 1.16 ) μm ,P <0 .0 1],而且c myc表达量也低于SHR组 [(0 .74±0 .16 )Avs(1.2 4± 0 .2 1)A ,P <0 .0 1]。结论　盐酸莫索尼定能够逆转自发性高血压大鼠的左室肥厚 ,对c myc基因表达的减少可能是其作用机制     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的血清差异表达蛋白分析

目的应用液体芯片-飞行时间质谱技术从慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的血清中找出差异表达蛋白,筛选出其蛋白多肽(m/z)的疾病标志物。方法应用液体蛋白芯片(MB-WCX)结合飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对16例病理确诊的COPD患者和32例正常对照人群进行血清蛋白组分析。采用ClinProTools软件进行蛋白多肽的组间差异对比,共获得115个蛋白多肽峰图,其中24个蛋白多肽峰图具有极显著差异(P<0.001),其中10个蛋白多肽在COPD患者中表达下调,其余14个蛋白多肽在COPD患者中表达上调。两组数据中最大差异的两个蛋白多肽峰分别是m/z:1 012.92和m/z:4 152.85。结论利用液体芯片-飞行时间质谱技术可以从COPD患者的血清中获得稳定丰富的蛋白多肽图谱,并且能够筛选出潜在的疾病标志物。     

离子缔合物溶剂萃取荧光法测定痕量汞

在酸性介质中,Hg2+、Br-和亚甲蓝形成离子缔合物,该缔合物易被1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂所萃取,在689nm处有较强荧光。在优化的实验条件下,在0.01～6.4μg/mL范围内,Hg与荧光强度成正比,该法综合荧光的高灵敏度特点和溶剂萃取的浓缩作用,使其灵敏度得到极大提高,检出限为3 ng/mL,更适合用于痕量汞的测定。经过用于乌江水样中痕量汞的实际测定,结果比较满意。     

RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gon yanthes Benth

Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth. Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8 (2) (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) column with the mobile phase of methanol-water (88∶12, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm, and the temperature of the column was maintained at 35 ℃. Results The calibration curve of β-Sitosterol was linear over the concentration range of 0.075-0.375 mg/mL (r=0.9999) and the average recovery of β-Sitosterol was 96.30% with RSD of 3.60%(n=3). Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.     

广义简化牛顿迭代收敛研究

Banach空间E的某个区域到同型空间F的Fréchet可微的算子f:E→F,A:F→E是一个相反的固定的线性算子,迭代zn+1=zn-Af(zn)为简化牛顿迭代,其中n∈N0,A=Df(z0)-1.用KaHTOPOBИЧ的区域判据和Smale的点估计判据研究广义简化牛顿迭代的收敛性和收敛域的大小,并且包括当α(f,z)≤3-2 2时广义简化Newton迭代收敛情况.