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低标准船舶,特别是老旧低标准船舶是我国水域安全和生态环境的最大隐患。严格而有针对性的港口国检查(PSC)是清除低标准船,确保水域安全与防止污染的重要措施。众所周知,巴黎备忘录地区的欧洲、加拿大,美国和澳大利亚等是世界上港口国监督检查最严厉的地区,20年以上的船舶在这些地方难觅踪影,保证了这些地区的海上安全和环境。在当今中国必定要走向海事强国的同时,这些国家和地区的经验和做法值得我们认真地研究和借鉴。 相似文献
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港口国监督(PSC)是港口国普遍采取的对到达本国港口的外国船舶一种监督和控制,主要目的是为了消除低标准船舶,确保船舶和人员财产安全,防止海洋污染和提供健康和安全工作环境等。在世界各国中,美国和澳大利亚是目前港口国监督要求比较严格、 相似文献
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船舶建造标准在整个海上安全链中具有重要意义。通过制定共同船舶建造标准来抵制低标准船舶,对于保证海上安全,保护海洋环境意义深远。拥有全球商船总吨90%以上船级的国际船级社协会(IACS)制定的“散货船结构共同规范(JBP)”和“油轮结构共同规范(JTP)”,必将引发一场规范的变革,为此,航运和造船界应作好充分准备。 相似文献
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由中国船级社(CCS)推行的国内船舶分级管理制度是四部委联手开展的“全国低质量船舶专项治理活动”的有机组成部分,它将为我国根除低标准船舶、控制低标准航运发挥源头治理的作用。 相似文献
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港口国监控当局不适当滞留船舶的法律责任 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着港口国监控(Port State Control,PSC)在地区内部和地区之间合作交流的不断发展,PSC在改善船舶安全管理上的成效上已普遍获得国际认可,被认为是大量低标准船舶的制止因素,又被认为是有助于支持公平竞争的网络。PSC的目的主要在于监督船舶严格执行有关国际公约,满足有关安全和防污染的标准要求,消除低标准船舶营运,实现IMO“船舶更安全, 相似文献
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此文简要讨论了船舶安全和防污染管理方面的有关问题,提出了安全管理评估标准,认为优化船舶管理资源、集中承担安全和防污染管理责任是提高安全管理水平,消除低标准管理的有效手段。 相似文献
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随着美国海运市场的快速发展和对海上人命安全、防污染要求越来越高,USCG监督覆盖范围越来越广泛,受检外籍船舶逐年增加,船舶缺陷处理措施也越来越严格。经过多年的严格检查,使在美的外籍船舶不论从船舶硬件还是软件方面都有了质的变化,在实质上,许多低标准船舶取消挂靠美国港口计划和改挂PSC检查较松的港口国港口,这也导致挂靠美国港口的外籍船舶滞留率和强制行动下降。 相似文献
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The study examines 20-years of data on 36 world principal fleets and on worldfleets in general, analyses their developments, and particularly their safety records in terms of accidental total loss rates. This study confirms that the open-registry ships tend toward substandard ships. However, some open-registry countries' safety records are quite acceptable. It finds that the safety record of developing maritime countries as a group is better than that of developed maritime countries, of which some are worse than the world average. 相似文献
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The study examines 20-years of data on 36 world principal fleets and on worldfleets in general, analyses their developments, and particularly their safety records in terms of accidental total loss rates. This study confirms that the open-registry ships tend toward substandard ships. However, some open-registry countries' safety records are quite acceptable. It finds that the safety record of developing maritime countries as a group is better than that of developed maritime countries, of which some are worse than the world average. 相似文献
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Since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the Port State Control (PSC) programme in 1982, it has been playing a vital role in the enforcement of safety law at sea worldwide. This paper addresses the effectiveness of PSC and the effectiveness of the methods for selecting ships to be inspected adopted by regional PSC. Data on ship total loss (from 1973-2003) and on the PSC records (from 1994-2005) have been collected. The study reveals that the enforcement of PSC is effective in improving the safety level of maritime transport. The methods adopted by regional PSC are compared on their effectiveness, efficiency and stability in identifying substandard ships. Suggestions are made on the improvement of the enforcement of PSC. 相似文献
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我国内河水域新建桥梁在对主墩进行施工过程中,为了确保船舶正常通航,海事部门要求实行单向通航。因此,主墩施工期间桥区水域可能出现船舶排队等候过桥的现象,船舶等候过桥势必增加桥区水域复杂的通航环境,目前海事部门规定桥区水域(单向通航)航行的船舶之间应保持足够的安全距离。通过建立数学计算模型对桥区水域(单向通航)通航船舶之间安全距离进行量化研究,探讨出桥区水域船舶之间安全距离计算方法。为海事部门制定桥区水域通航安全管理规定、维护桥区水域良好的通航秩序和船舶过桥安全提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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随着电子海图系统在海船上的普及,有关“ECDIS操作”培训与发证工作已经变得非常急迫。针对“ECDIS操作”培训的必要性以及国外有关的培训、发证办法进行了研讨,并就我国海事部门、船舶公司和航运培训机构如何开展该项培训与发证,提出了一些设想。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTMaritime actions against substandard operations of ships are a great deal of memorandum of understanding (MoUs) under regional basis agreements among port state control (PSC) organisations. Herein, concentrated inspection campaigns (CIC), performed by the different members of MoUs in certain periods, are a monitoring strategy to effectively control the core operational matters encountered in fire-safety systems, propulsion and auxiliary machinery system, lifesaving appliances, working conditions on board ships, etc. This paper proposes a quantified maritime safety analysis based on fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate CIC database of MoUs in order to achieve advance creative solutions. Demonstration studies are performed on the special database on fire-safety system deficiencies. Since the fuzzy FMEA outcomes point out the risk prioritisation numbers and relevant control options, the paper attempts to transform CIC feedback into useful information in terms of enhancing the ship PSC inspection concept (e-PSC inspection). The paper theoretically contributes to safety analysis methods in literature while demonstration of e-PSC inspections offers an insight into maritime industry in safety improvement. 相似文献
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文章试图从实船操作、公司岸基支持和海事机构安全监督的角度,结合大风浪船舶操纵与船舶避碰的理论,浅论船舶在大风浪中航行的安全保障。 相似文献