共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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文章从燃烧学的理论出发,分析了汽油与柴油燃烧后的生成产物。根据GB/T19233—2008《轻型汽车燃料消耗量试验方法》中对汽油和柴油中碳的质量比与所生成的碳氢化合物中碳的质量比的规定,确定汽油及柴油的化学式,以及各自所生成的碳氢化合物的化学式。以此为基础建立了汽油机和柴油机的基于碳平衡法的油耗计算模型。根据以往各国柴油机的碳平衡法的模型中未考虑碳烟的情况,本文借鉴参考文献[2]的柴油机烟雾计算模型,将碳烟也考虑其中。 相似文献
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热管理系统的研究在燃料电池汽车的整车开发中有着非常重要的意义。本文对国家863项目中燃料电池汽车几种不同的整车热管理方案进行了研究,计算出不同设计方案下FCE散热器、PCU散热器和空调冷凝器的散热量,并进行对比分析,得到了最优的热管理系统散热方案。同时简单介绍了热管理控制策略。本文的研究结果对燃料电池汽车整车热管理系统的设计具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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文章针对自主研发的φ800 mm土压平衡式模型盾构掘进系统,详细介绍了盾构机壳体、掘削系统、螺旋出土器、推进系统和控制台5个重要部件各自的结构形式、布局特点、参数确定及具体功能等,并指出该模型盾构试验系统可根据不同的需求开展原样土体掘进试验、相似模型试验,以及盾构近接施工等复杂条件下的模拟试验;通过在原样砂土地层中的掘进试验结果,分析了地表沉降形态与发展过程及地层损失率与地层位移间的关系;运用Peck公式对地表沉降进行了计算并与试验值进行了对比,验证了该土压平衡式模型盾构掘进系统的可靠性。 相似文献
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The United States transportation sector consumes 5 billion barrels of petroleum annually to move people and freight around the country by car, truck, train, ship and aircraft, emitting significant greenhouse gases in the process. Making the transportation system more sustainable by reducing these emissions and increasing the efficiency of this multimodal system can be achieved through several vehicle-centric strategies. We focus here on one of these strategies – reducing vehicle mass – and on collecting and developing a set of physics-based expressions to describe the effect of vehicle mass reduction on fuel consumption across transportation modes in the U.S. These expressions allow analysts to estimate fuel savings resulting from vehicle mass reductions (termed fuel reduction value, FRV), across modes, without resorting to specialized software or extensive modeling efforts, and to evaluate greenhouse gas emission and cost implications of these fuel savings. We describe how FRV differs from fuel intensity (FI) and how to properly use both of these metrics, and we provide a method to adjust FI based on mass changes and FRV. Based on this work, we estimate that a 10% vehicle mass reduction (assuming constant payload mass) results in a 2% improvement in fuel consumption for trains and light, medium, and heavy trucks, 4% for buses, and 7% for aircraft. When a 10% vehicle mass reduction is offset by an increase in an equivalent mass of payload, fuel intensity (fuel used per unit mass of payload) increases from 6% to 23%, with the largest increase being for aircraft. 相似文献
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Samuel Rodman Oprešnik Tine SeljakFran?išek Bizjan Toma? Katrašnik 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(3):221-227
This paper examines the influence of compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline fuel on the exhaust emissions and the fuel consumption of a spark-ignition engine powered passenger car. The vehicle was driven according to the urban driving cycle and extra urban driving cycle speed profiles with the warmed-up engine. Cause and effect based analysis reveals potential for using different fuels to reduce vehicle emission and deficiencies associated with particular fuels. The highest tank to wheel efficiency and the lowest CO2 emission are observed with the natural gas fuelled vehicle, that also featured the highest total hydrocarbon emissions and high NOx emissions because of fast three way catalytic converter aging due the use of the compressed natural gas. Retrofitted liquefied petroleum gas fuel supply systems feature the greatest air-fuel ratio variations that result in the lowest TtW efficiency and in the highest NOx emissions of the liquefied gas fuelled vehicle. 相似文献
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通过安装车载测试系统收集香港港岛山区路段正常行驶工况下尾气中的CO、NOx、HC等污染物和油耗并辅助计算机软件进行分析。研究得出,山区道路设计、地形地貌和驾驶习惯对车辆油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放有直接关系。可以通过坡道加宽、坡道延长、减少坡道红绿灯等措施减少车辆在山区道路行驶过程中速度变化频率,从而减少油耗以及CO、NOx和HC排放。 相似文献
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车辆信号灯对行车安全有重要的警示作用,现有的载货汽车不具备完善的信号灯故障动态监测预警功能。为在车辆行驶过程中对信号灯故障进行实时动态监测预警,设计了一种基于单片机控制、多传感器输入的车辆信号灯故障监测预警装置,基于信号灯工作原理的差异分别提出了信号灯故障0-1监测法、积分判别法和最小值判别法。以解放赛龙CA1169PK2L2EA80重型载货汽车为试验车,Freescale MC9S12XEP100单片机为车载终端构建了车辆信号灯故障监测试验系统平台。利用TES-1339R照度计分析了不同光照强度的外界光源对系统监测结果的影响,并采用故障预设的试验方法针对制动和转向信号灯分别采用不同的故障判别方法进行实车试验。试验结果表明:0-1监测法可以准确监测制动灯故障信号;积分判别法和最小值判别法适用于转向灯故障监测,最小值判别法较积分判别法监测转向灯故障分辨率高。该系统实现了车辆信号灯故障实时动态监测及声光预警,为预防由信号灯故障引发的道路交通事故提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2003,8(1):21-36
This paper presents a parametric study of the energy demands of car transportation on two competing inter-city commuter routes in the UK for all main categories of automotive vehicles. The commuter routes are between Bristol and Bath: one is fast and flat, the other is relatively hilly and with tighter speed restrictions. Energy demands were found to be closely related to the vehicle mass because almost all external forces on the car are either directly or indirectly influenced by the mass of the vehicle. Exposure to the wind was found to be an important parameter that can significantly affect fuel consumption. Reducing vehicle mass is an important way of improving the performance of the car. However, there are limits to what can be achieved in weight reduction because of safety requirements and the desire of car owners to have many luxury items in modern cars. The official European fuel consumption and emissions test is limited in the extent to which it measures parameters that affect fuel consumption. For example, the test does not measure the frontal area or drag coefficient of the car. The design of the route and traffic operation can have a very significant influence on the efficiency of car transportation and therefore it is necessary to consider route design in whole-life analysis. 相似文献
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In this work the trade-off between economic, therefore fuel saving, and ecologic, pollutant emission reducing, driving is discussed. The term eco-driving is often used to refer to a vehicle operation that minimizes energy consumption. However, for eco-driving to be environmentally friendly not only fuel consumption but also pollutant emissions should be considered. In contrast to previous studies, this paper will discuss the advantages of eco-driving with respect to improvements in fuel consumption as well as pollutant gas emissions. Simulating a conventional passenger vehicle and applying numerical trajectory optimization methods best vehicle operation for a given trip is identified. With hardware-in-the-loop testing on an engine test bench the fuel and emissions are measured. An approach to integrate pollutant emission and dynamically choose the ecologically optimal gear is proposed. 相似文献
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The need to increase measurement accuracy of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in vehicles is forcing the market to develop chassis-dyno test cells that reproduce on-road conditions realistically.Air-cooling is key to vehicle performance. It is therefore critical that the design of a test cell guarantees realistic cooling of all vehicle components, as important errors in fuel consumption and emissions measurements may otherwise arise. In a test-room, a blower placed in front of the vehicle supplies the cooling air. While there are some guidelines in the literature for the selection of fans required for emissions measurements for standard driving cycles, the information for designing the air supply system for specific tests in other areas is scarce.New Real Driving Emissions (RDE) legislation will force manufacturers to perform on-road measurements of pollutants. This represents a significant challenge due to the variability of conditions coming from non-controlled parameters. In order to optimize vehicles, different tests are performed in cells equipped with a chassis-dyno where the on-road flow field around the vehicle is reproduced as closely as possible.This work provides some guidelines for the definition of the airflow supply system of chassis-dyno facilities for vehicle optimization tests, based on a CFD analysis of the flow characteristics around the vehicle. By comparison with the solution obtained for a vehicle in real road driving conditions, the exit section of the blower and the distance between the blower exit and the car that best reproduce realistic on-road flow conditions in a test room are determined. 相似文献
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Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively. 相似文献