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本文介绍了国内现阶段燃料电池应用于车用动力装置的现状以及面临的技术性问题,同时阐述了限制其推广应用的主要原因。通过与传统内燃机的对比,分析了其应用现状,并作了未来展望。目前燃料电池由于技术水平、制造成本及燃料制取储备等原因尚未得以广泛应用,在未来的相当一段时间内仍会以内燃机为主占据主流车用动力市场。但是,随着化石能源的日渐枯竭以及相关技术的不断完善,燃料电池必将在车用动力装置中占据一席之地。 相似文献
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本文介绍了世界范围内关于车用发动机而制定的排放法规及相关治理措施,并详细阐述了基于排放法规的车用柴油机技术路线变迁,重点对排放法规和燃油经济性要求对轻型车用发动机及重型车用柴油机的技术路线选择产生的影响进行了研究,并据此进行了展望。内燃机在现在及未来相当长的一段时间内,依然会作为主流的车用动力装置。就目前而言,排放法规及燃油经济性要求依然对车用发动机的技术路线选择起着显著的影响。考虑到当前的世界气候环境及燃料储备,对车用发动机进行节能减排的技术改良可谓势在必行。 相似文献
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原油价格的上涨和能源危机的加重,要求我们不断寻求新能源。高原地区的特殊性使车用含氧燃料的应用具有重要意义。从高原对汽车性能的影响出发,分析目前主要汽油车用含氧燃料的特点,进而指出高原汽油车应选择乙醇汽油燃料替代传统燃料。 相似文献
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乙醇是代替石化燃料的可再生能源主流之一。文章主要对发展乙醇汽油燃料的优势及现状进行了综合评述,并重点提出了乙醇汽油对车辆性能造成的影响和解决办法,从而为我国推广使用车用乙醇汽油工作提供了参考。 相似文献
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我国车用乙醇汽油使用对车辆性能影响及发展建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乙醇是代替石化燃料的可再生能源主流之一。文章主要对发展乙醇汽油燃料的优势及现状进行综合评述,并重点提出乙醇汽油对车辆性能造成的影响和解决办法,从而为我国推广使用车用乙醇汽油工作提供参考。 相似文献
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阐述了车用双燃料油气混合燃烧技术的基本原理,分析了对节能减排、降低燃料消耗费用的作用,介绍了在实践中的应用与推广。 相似文献
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A note on implicit consumer discounting of automobile fuel economy: Reviewing the available evidence
David L. Greene 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1983,17(6):491-499
A key element in the long run response of the automotive market to higher fuel prices is consumers' willingness to pay for fuel economy improvements. Eight recent studies are examined and estimates of asset price/operating cost discount rates are derived for each. A critical comparison of results suggests that most are implausible. Plausible estimates range from 4 to 40% as a function of household income. 相似文献
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随着石油储量的减少和油价的持续走高,油耗已经成为大家关注的焦点.文章通过基于底盘测功机的汽车燃油消耗量的测试研究,获得了不同车况和车速下的油耗曲线,试验结果比较科学地反映了车辆的真实油耗,可供各种汽车油耗测试参考. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1989,23(3):243-253
Concerns about air pollution and energy security have stimulated interest in alternative automotive fuels and in vehicles that can use multiple fuels and combinations of fuels. Consumer behavior in the choice of motor fuel for flexible-fuel vehicles is likely to be a key factor in the creation and stability of markets for new fuels. The sensitivity of fuel choice to fuel prices is investigated here using data on purchases of regular, premium, leaded, and unleaded grades of gasoline. Multinomial logit choice models are estimated for the years 1982, 1983, and 1984. Consumer choices are found to be highly elastic with respect to fuel prices. New fuels will have to be priced within a few cents of existing fuels to capture significant market shares. Consumers also exhibit strong preferences for the fuel type specified by law (unleaded vs. leaded) for their vehicles. Thus, legal restrictions could play an important role in stabilizing alternative fuels markets. The typical consumer is willing to pay 5–10 cents more per gallon for premium grade gasoline. The premium for premium has been increasing as increasing numbers of turbocharged and fuel-injected engines join the fleet, reflecting the fact that consumers are willing to pay more for a fuel if they believe their engines require it. 相似文献
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The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for such advanced vehicular technologies. The deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for the collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this need, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in stated choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively less heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2007,12(6):396-413
This study explores the symbolic meanings being created, appropriated, and communicated by the owners of hybrid electric vehicles. As symbolic meanings are shown to be important to hybrid electric vehicle purchase and use, understanding the meanings, as well as their construction and communication, is essential for policy makers and others hoping to promote these new types of vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles embody combinations of meanings that were previously unavailable from automobiles. Market observers who fail to recognize this struggle to explain why some people buy hybrid electric vehicles. They may characterize buyers as naı¨ve about calculating payback on fuel economy, or dismiss owners as image-seeking environmentalists. This research belies such simplistic explanations. Through the telling and analysis of buyers’ own stories, this study takes a robust approach to understanding the creation and spread of new symbolic meanings in the automotive market. Data were collected in ethnographic interviews with hybrid electric vehicle owners in the California, and analyzed using methods based on semiotic theory. In particular, the study explores how widely recognized social meanings (denotations) are connected to more personal meanings (connotations) and the effect that both types of meanings have on vehicle purchase and use. 相似文献
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Development of strategies to control urban air pollution is a complex process involving a wide range of sciences. In this study a system dynamics model is proposed in order to estimate the behavior of parameters affecting air pollution in Tehran. The proposed model includes two subsystems: (1) urban transportation, (2) air polluting industries. In this paper, several policies are proposed to mitigate air pollution. The proposed model is simulated under several scenarios using historical data of transportation and industrial sectors in Tehran. Policies are categorized as: (1) road construction, (2) technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries, (3) traffic control plans, (4) development of public transportation infrastructures. The results show effectiveness of the proposed policies. In this case, technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries and development of public transportation infrastructures are more effective policies in order to reduce air pollution. 相似文献
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Despite the current interest in using fuel taxes as an instrument for climate policy, there has been little study of current automotive fuel tax regimes. We expand on two earlier cross-sectional studies on why fuel taxes differ across countries by using OECD panel data and employing heterogeneous panel cointegration and long-run panel Granger-causality techniques. We confirm some of those earlier studies’ conclusions. Further, we find that governments that rely on consumption-based taxes for revenues will have higher gasoline tax rates (than governments that rely on income and wealth/property-based taxes). But more significantly, we determine that higher gasoline demand among consumers “causes” democratic governments to set lower gasoline taxes—a finding with important implications for today’s climate/energy policy debate. 相似文献
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Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively. 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to explore what motivates consumer intention and willingness to pay for green transportation. The model is based on the theory of planned behavior and explains the relationship between consumer attitude, perceived behavioral control and peer pressure on intention and willingness to pay for a t-shirt that was transported using energy efficient fuel. Data from a survey of U.S. consumers is analyzed. Results suggest consumer attitude and peer pressure are positively associated with intention which is positively associated with willingness to pay. High levels of consumer attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention suggest a positive outlook for organizations investing in green transportation initiatives. Results also suggest a need for organizations and government to market and educate consumers and citizens about the positive implications of green transportation and using energy efficient fuel. 相似文献