J427GR电焊条的研究

采用正交设计和方差分析的方法，通过适当提高熔渣的碱度，控制熔敷金属中合金元素的含量及配比，加入微量元素，成功研究出熔敷金属扩散氢含量低、塑性和低温韧性高、焊接工艺性能好的J427GR电焊条；适用于焊接对低温冲击韧性要求高的重要焊接结构。     

实芯焊丝MAG焊的熔敷特性研究

以Ar CO2作为保护气体,研究了实芯焊丝MAG焊的混合气体配比、焊接电流、电弧电压和气体流量对熔敷速度、熔敷系数和熔敷效率的影响。结果表明,Ar气比例越大,熔敷效率越高,Ar气比例达到80%以上,熔敷效率显著增加。适当的焊接工艺可获得较高的熔敷速度、熔敷系数和熔敷效率。     

实芯焊丝MAG焊的熔敷特性研究

以Ar CO2作为保护气体,研究实芯焊丝MAG焊的混合气体配比、焊接电流、电弧电压和气体流量对熔敷速度、熔敷系数和熔敷效率的影响,结果表明,Ar气比例越大,熔敷效率越高,Ar气比例达到80%以上,熔敷效率显著增加,说明适当的焊接工艺可获得较高的熔敷速度、熔敷系数和熔敷效率。     

实芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率研究

介绍实芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率测试方法，试验结果表明，在回路电感值不变的条件下，焊接电流、电弧电压和气体流量是影响熔敷效率的主要因素。     

药芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率研究

本文介绍了药芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率测试方法,研究了焊接工艺参数对药芯焊丝熔敷效率的影响。试验结果表明,采用合理的焊接工艺可获得较高的熔敷效率。     

实芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率研究

介绍了实芯焊丝CO2焊的熔敷效率测试方法；试验结果表明，在回路电感值不变的条件下，焊接电流、电弧电压和气体流量是影响熔敷效率的主要因素。     

EH36船用结构钢焊接接头断裂行为的研究

对船用EH36钢的焊缝和热影响区在-20C下的临界CTOD进行测试，以评定其断裂行为。发现焊缝的断裂韧性较差，容易脆性断裂，建议调整熔敷金属的化学成分，来提高焊缝低温抗断裂性能；热影响区的临界CTOD值较高，受焊接热影响较小。     

R曲线法在焊缝金属延性断裂韧度测试中的应用研究

测定了不同焊接线能量条件下60kg级熔敷金属的JR阻力曲线和COD阻力曲线，得出了线能量对Jc、δc的影响规律。在实验范围内熔敷金属延性断裂韧度随焊接线能量增加而增大。总结了两种阻力曲线的各自特点以及产生实验误差的原因。相比较而言，JR曲线法在曲线回归时数据相关性更高，更精确。     

国产核Ⅰ级ER308L焊丝性能研究

采用国产核I级ER308L焊丝,依据法国RCC-M标准测试了该焊丝熔敷金属的化学成分和力学性能;研究了采用该焊丝TIG焊焊接00Cr18Ni9不锈钢接头成分、力学性能,并与采用国外核I级ER308L焊丝、国内普通ER308L焊丝的焊接接头进行对比分析;进一步研究了焊接电流对00Cr18Ni9不锈钢焊接接头力学性能的影响,优化国产核I级ER308L焊丝的TIG焊接工艺参数.结果表明:国产核I级ER308L氩弧焊丝熔敷金属的成分、铁素体含量、抗拉强度、屈服强度和冲击功均符合RCC-M标准要求;相同焊接工艺条件下,国产核I级ER308L氩弧焊丝焊接接头拉伸性能优于国外核I级ER308L焊丝和国内普通ER308L焊丝;在焊缝、熔合线及熔合线+2 mm三处的冲击功都比国外核I级焊丝要高;国产核Ⅰ级ER308L氩弧焊丝在120 A的焊接电流下所得接头的综合力学性能最佳,且焊缝中铁素体含量较为合适.     

协同冷丝埋弧焊接技术在船舶工业中的应用

分析了协同冷丝埋弧焊技术的特点,并采用了单丝协同送入和双丝协同送入2种方式,研究了不同焊接方式和焊接工艺参数下协同冷丝埋弧焊的熔敷效率、接头力学性能等.试验结果表明,协同冷丝埋弧焊技术可以在提高熔敷率40％以上的同时,接头力学性能没有明显下降.这种高效焊接技术在压力容器、船舶制造等领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

极地船用FH40低温高强钢焊接工艺

以不同厚度规格的极地船用FH40低温高强钢为研究对象，分别采用焊条电弧焊（Shielded Metal Arc Welding，SMAW）、CO2气体保护药芯焊丝电弧焊（CO2 Gas Shielded Flux-Cored Arc Welding，FCAW-CO2）、埋弧焊（Submerged Arc Welding，SAW）等3种方法进行工艺试验。结果表明：焊接接头符合相应规范要求，力学性能指标符合设计要求。试验确定的焊接工艺参数可为新型极地船建造提供指导。     

Local joint flexibility element for offshore plateforms structures

A large number of offshore platforms of various types have been installed in deep or shallow waters throughout the world. These structures are mainly made of tubular members which are interconnected by using tubular joints. In tubular frames, joints may exhibit considerable flexibility in both elastic and plastic range of response. The resulting flexibility may have marked effects on the overall behavior of offshore platforms.This paper investigates the effects of joint flexibility on local and global behavior of tubular framed structures in linear range of response. A new joint flexibility element is developed on the basis of flexibility matrix and implemented in a finite-element program to account for local joint flexibility effects in analytical models of tubular framed structures. The element formulation is considerably easy and straightforward in comparison with other existing tubular joint elements. It was concluded that developed flexible joint model produces accurate results comparing to sophisticated multi-axial finite element joint models.     

A simplified non-linear numerical method for the assessment of welding induced deformations

Welding numerical simulation has always been a formidable challenge because of the involved complex phenomena to be modelled. The task is increasingly challenging when multi-runs welding or welding of ships is needed to be modelled. In these cases, the computational effort is so high that solving the problem via computational welding mechanics is impossible so far. Alternatively, different simplified numerical strategies were developed to overcome this issue such as those based on the inherent strain. Unfortunately, such numerical models are rarely able to capture the effects induced by a variation of the welding sequence or clamping conditions since they are solved in the elastic filed; most of them are therefore not useful to the design optimization of a welded assembly. In this scenario, a new approach is proposed to quantify the welding induced deformations that uses virtual elements to model the weld bead in the elastic-plastic filed and auxiliary elements to apply equivalent loads determined by experiments on a single welded joint. A specific inverse analysis algorithm has been developed to use the method. The model was applied to a real welded assembly in which both the welding sequence and clamping condition were varied. In addition, for the numerical validation, a novel registration algorithm has been developed to move from solid geometries to middle plane representations. Numerical results were found in good agreement with those obtained by experiments even when the welding sequence and clamping conditions are changed.     

焊接工艺的质量分析和质量控制

焊接工艺质量是电子计算机,尤其是军用计算机可靠性的关键。文章对影响焊接工艺质量的各个环节,如焊接机理、焊接要素、焊料、助焊剂、阻焊剂、焊接设备、焊接方法等都进行了分析,从中提出控制质量的措施和办法。这是实际工作经验总结,对提高军工生产质量很有参考价值。     

船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头焊接工艺分析

Q345R钢是普通低合金高强度钢,广泛的用于压力容器制造行业。其S、P含量控制较严,焊接性较好,但是由于含有一定量的合金元素,淬硬、冷裂倾向都比低碳钢大一些。通过船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头环焊缝的焊接,分析了Q345R钢的化学成分和机械性能,通过选用合理的焊接材料、坡口形式、焊接方法、焊接工艺来保证储存罐的焊缝质量。     

高强钢焊接结构残余热应力的有限元分析

焊接残余应力的大小是衡量焊接质量的一项重要指标.为了得到高强钢焊接结构焊接残余应力的大小与分布规律,基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,利用其参数化语言开发了相应的焊接程序,首先对高强钢平板对接焊进行数值模拟,然后与试验结果进行比较,在计算所得结果与试验测量值相一致的基础上,进而模拟高强钢锥柱结合壳的焊接过程,得到相应的焊接残余应力分布规律.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

Effects of structural flexibility on the dynamic responses of low-height lifting mechanism for offshore wind turbine installation

Installation complexities are one of the major challenges in the floating offshore wind turbine (OWT) industry. The modern concept introduced by the SFI-MOVE project is an effort to overcome the complexities by utilizing a low-height lifting mechanism. It is common to idealize a crane in the lifting mechanism as a rigid body since the structural deflections are smaller than the responses introduced by the other system components. However, structural flexibility can play an essential role in demanding offshore operations with smaller acceptable tolerances. In this study, lifting cranes are modeled using the finite element method and simplified by implementing equivalent 3D beam elements. Dynamic analysis is performed for various environmental conditions, and the responses of the crane structure and the OWT are calculated for each load case. This research reveals that crane structure flexibility influences the relative motion between a floating spar buoy and an OWT during mating operations. Crane structural flexibility contributes significantly to the OWT rotations. In addition, the response deviation between using rigid and flexible cranes increases as the excitation force increases. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the crane structural flexibility in the calculation when strict installation tolerances are needed.     

基于固有应变的海洋平台典型结构焊接变形预测

针对半潜式起重拆解平台,运用热弹塑性有限元分析和弹性有限元法,对平台中连接平台和浮体的典型结构,进行焊接变形的预测。通过对焊接接头的预测分析,得到其固有变形,再将计算得到的固有变形,以载荷的形式加载到整个结构中,得到整个结构的焊接变形。通过对三种焊接顺序的比较,得到焊接变形最小的方案。在此基础上,考虑开口对结构焊接变形的影响。研究结果将对半潜式起重拆解平台特殊结构的焊接工艺优化提供理论支撑和数据支持。     

舰艇典型分段焊接工艺仿真及其变形规律分析

针对舰艇分段结构采用不同的装焊工艺顺序,会出现不同的焊接变形的问题,以某舰艇256#分段焊接的整体最小变形量为目标,基于热弹塑性和固有应变理论,对该分段焊接常用的六种不同焊接工艺顺序,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行焊接变形数值仿真;对比六种不同的方案计算结果表明,舰艇分段焊接采用C方案以矩形块为单位,由中间向两端对称焊接、从船中向两舷焊接横向和纵向构件的工艺顺序,该分段整体变形量为最小,为最优焊接工艺顺序方案。