车辆动力学控制系统横摆力矩控制方法

车辆动力学控制系统(VDC)通过对车辆施加主动横摆力矩来改善车辆高速时的操纵稳定性,可有效避免侧滑等交通事故,研究其横摆力矩控制方法是当前车辆动力学领域的热点。在研究先进控制理论的基础上,分别设计了用于VDC系统的鲁棒、模糊和智能积分模糊PID控制器,并将它们和车辆系统模型联接进行了系统仿真,对比分析了3种控制器的控制特点与控制效果。仿真结果表明,鲁棒、模糊和智能积分模糊PID控制方法都能实现有效的横摆力矩控制,且有各自的特点。智能积分模糊PID控制效果更为理想,该方法应用于VDC控制具有很好的前景。智能积分降低了积分功能的副作用,进一步提升了模糊PID的控制效果。仿真工作为进一步将智能积分模糊PID应用于VDC系统样机开发提供了参考。     

车辆动力学稳定性控制的仿真研究

对车辆动力学稳定性控制的控制原理，控制策略，控制逻辑和算法进行了理论分析。在此基础上，对车辆动力学稳定性控制进行了仿真分析，结果表明，车辆动力学稳定性控制能够改善车辆在高速下或在滑路上转向时的操纵性和稳定性。     

联合仿真技市在车辆动力学稳定几天控制上的应用

首先介绍了目前车辆动力学稳定性控制的研究现状．提出了基于联合仿真平台进行控制仿真研究的新思路；其次详细分析了车辆动力学稳定性控制的原理。应用直接横摆力矩状态反馈控制策略，基于ADAMS／Car和Matlab／simulink的联合仿真技术．采用阶跃转向和单移线仿真工况有效验证了该控制策略的正确性，提高车辆在危险工况下的稳定性和可控性，为实际设计车辆动力学稳定性控制系统提供了理论基础。     

基于车辆动力学模型的换道轨迹规划研究

针对自动驾驶车辆换道轨迹规划时的操纵稳定性问题，基于CarSim/Simulink仿真平台建立了车辆动力学模型，构建了轨迹规划系统框架，通过轨迹信息后处理并提出了目标函数设计，进行了横向控制序列采样以保证车辆的稳定与极限性能，完成了算法对轨迹的综合评价选优。随后开展了仿真试验，对比分析了轨迹跟踪控制系统下的实际轨迹、最优规划方法所规划的换道轨迹。仿真结果表明，该轨迹规划系统框架及算法模型能有效提高车辆的操纵稳定性，可实现冰雪路面等极端工况下自动驾驶车辆换道轨迹规划。     

滑模控制在车辆电控稳定系统中的应用

在Matlab／Simulink平台上，基于滑模控制理论提出了一种车辆电控稳定系统ESP的控制算法，通过变线道行驶和变摩擦系数路面工况的仿真计算，结果表明该控制算法可有效改善车辆的操纵稳定性。     

典型车辆动力学稳定性控制系统及关键技术

车辆动力学稳定性控制系统是在全工况下监控车辆的运行状态，极大限度地改善车辆高速弯道行驶或受大的侧向力作用时的操纵稳定性，是一项新型主动安全技术。论文基于典型车辆动力学稳定性控制系统介绍其结构及算法实现，并就控制变量的确定及横摆力矩控制算法研究进展进行了详细分析，最后总结了VDSC实现的关键技术。论文的研究对于促进和提高我国在这一领域的自主开发能力具有积极意义。     

基于SAE J1939的车辆动力学稳定性控制网络设计及测试

车辆动力学稳定性控制涉及底盘多个执行机构及电子控制单元,所组成控制网络的性能是整个控制系统的关键之一.文中根据SAEJ1939应用层规范,设计车辆动力学稳定性控制网络,并定义其应用层私有通信协议;采用专门的车载网络测试工具,搭建车辆动力学稳定性控制网络测试平台.测试结果显示,所定义的应用层私有通信协议满足系统可靠性的要求,整个车辆动力学稳定性控制网络运行良好.      

基于SAEJ1939的车辆动力学稳定性控制网络设计及测试

车辆动力学稳定性控制涉及底盘多个执行机构及电子控制单元,所组成控制网络的性能是整个控制系统的关键之一。文中根据SAEJ1939应用层规范,设计车辆动力学稳定性控制网络,并定义其应用层私有通信协议;采用专门的车载网络测试工具,搭建车辆动力学稳定性控制网络测试平台。测试结果显示,所定义的应用层私有通信协议满足系统可靠性的要求,整个车辆动力学稳定性控制网络运行良好。     

基于主动安全的轮间电控限滑差速器控制方法研究

论述了电控限滑差速器(ELSD)改善汽车动力学特性的原理,提出了基于提高汽车主动安全性的控制方法。该方法利用前馈与误差反馈控制相结合来控制车辆运动状态。反馈系数根据最优控制的方法确定。通过对所述控制系统的仿真研究,证明该系统在各种路面条件下均可明显改善汽车的操纵稳定性与主动安全性。     

半挂汽车列车高速紧急避障稳定性控制研究

分析了半挂汽车列车转向的特点,对其稳定性控制原理进行了研究,包括横摆角速度跟踪控制和防倾覆控制.在此基础上,建立了半挂汽车列车多体动力学模型,采用虚拟样机技术,对横摆角速度跟踪控制和防倾覆控制进行运动学与动力学仿真.结果表明,装用车辆动态控制系统后,提高了半挂汽车列车高速紧急避障时的操纵稳定性,因而,其避障行驶的极限条件大大宽松.     

A new flatness-based control of lateral vehicle dynamics

This paper presents a new concept for vehicle dynamics control (VDC). The control of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics is not discussed, since we are assuming that it is much slower and weakly coupled to the lateral and yawing dynamics. The actuators are considered to be the traction and the braking torques of the individual wheels and only the standard sensors of the common VDC system are used. A modular interface to the subordinate wheel control system is provided by choosing the yaw torque as a fictitious control input. The VDC system is designed by means of a two degrees-of-freedom control scheme. It comprises a flatness-based feedforward part and a stabilising feedback part. The reference trajectory generation is introduced for the flat output which is given by the lateral velocity of the vehicle. Thus an advantageous kind of body side-slip angle control is provided with the standard VDC system hardware. Extensive simulation studies show excellent performance of the designed control concept.     

混合动力汽车整车控制器开发与试验

基于飞思卡尔公司的双核微控制器9S12XDT512开发了一款通用的混合动力汽车（HEV）整车控制器（VehicleControl Unit-VCU）,设计时考虑硬件的通用性,使之能够适用于多种混合动力汽车的整车控制。为验证VCU功能,本文以某款并联混合动力公交车为控制对象,在基于dSPACE的硬件在环仿真系统上进行了一系列仿真试验。试验结果表明：VCU能够准确地控制整车实现混合动力工作状态,进而验证了VCU硬件的有效性。     

Nonlinear PI front and rear steering control in four wheel steering vehicles

Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters.

The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.

For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics.     

Nonlinear PI front and rear steering control in four wheel steering vehicles

Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters.

The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.

For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics.     

Independent control of all-wheel-drive torque distribution

The sophistication of all-wheel-drive (AWD) technology is approaching the point where the drive torque to each wheel can be independently controlled. This potentially offers vehicle handling enhancements similar to those provided by dynamic stability control, but without the inevitable reduction in vehicle acceleration. Independent control of AWD torque distribution would therefore be especially beneficial under acceleration close to the limit of stability. A vehicle model of a typical sports sedan was developed in Simulink, with fully independent control of torque distribution. Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to determine which torque distribution parameters have the greatest impact on the vehicle course and acceleration. A proportional-integral control strategy was implemented, applying yaw rate feedback to vary the front–rear torque distribution and lateral acceleration feedback to adjust the left–right distribution. The resulting system shows a significant improvement over conventional driveline configurations under aggressive cornering acceleration on a high-μ surface. The performance approaches the theoretical limit for these conditions. In the medium term, such a system is only likely to be economically viable for premium vehicles. However, a future revolution of powertrain technology towards, for example, wheel-mounted motors, could realize these handling benefits far more widely.     

Independent control of all-wheel-drive torque distribution

The sophistication of all-wheel-drive (AWD) technology is approaching the point where the drive torque to each wheel can be independently controlled. This potentially offers vehicle handling enhancements similar to those provided by dynamic stability control, but without the inevitable reduction in vehicle acceleration. Independent control of AWD torque distribution would therefore be especially beneficial under acceleration close to the limit of stability. A vehicle model of a typical sports sedan was developed in Simulink, with fully independent control of torque distribution. Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to determine which torque distribution parameters have the greatest impact on the vehicle course and acceleration. A proportional-integral control strategy was implemented, applying yaw rate feedback to vary the front-rear torque distribution and lateral acceleration feedback to adjust the left-right distribution. The resulting system shows a significant improvement over conventional driveline configurations under aggressive cornering acceleration on a high-μ surface. The performance approaches the theoretical limit for these conditions. In the medium term, such a system is only likely to be economically viable for premium vehicles. However, a future revolution of powertrain technology towards, for example, wheel-mounted motors, could realize these handling benefits far more widely.     

Practical vehicle rollover avoidance control using energy method

In this paper, a novel rollover prevention control algorithm is developed for application on vehicles with a high centre of gravity. The developed algorithm can be implemented on any vehicle equipped with an electronic stability program with or without an extra roll rate sensor. The vehicle rollover index is defined from the vehicle lateral kinetic energy and the new concept of virtual gravity. The algorithm is implemented on a production hydraulic control unit and tested using a typical medium size sport utility vehicle up to a speed of 110 km h^-1. The test results show that the control algorithm prevents the vehicle rollover very successfully without any noticeable false activation or over correction resulting in severe under steer. Also, the controlled wheel speed shows a very stable and smooth trace.     

Vehicle dynamic control of a passenger car applying flexible body model

Modern software tools have enhanced modelling, analysis and simulation capabilities pertaining to control of dynamic systems. In this regard, in this paper a full vehicle model with flexible body is exposed by using MSC. ADAMS and MSC. NASTRAN. Indeed, one of the most significant vehicle dynamic controls is directional stability control. In this case, the vehicle dynamic control system (VDC) is used to improving the vehicle lateral and yaw motions in critical manoeuvres. In this paper, for design the VDC system, an optimal control strategy has been used for tracking the intended path with optimal energy. For better performance of VDC system, an anti-lock brake system (ABS) is designed as a lower layer of the control system for maintaining the tyre longitudinal slip in proper value. The performances of the controller on rigid and flexible models are illustrated, and the results show the differences between the control efforts for these models, which are related to the differences of dynamic behaviours of rigid and flexible vehicle dynamic models.     

从汽车排放控制谈我国汽油质量战略

概述了我国汽车排放控制趋势和国内外汽油主要指标,通过分析国内外汽车排放与油品指标关系研究结果,指出我国应优先不断加严汽油中硫含量,而根据国情逐步降低烯烃、芳烃含量也是必要的。从重新分类汽油指标体系和强化汽油关键指标、强化油品质量管理和通过经济激励生产使用优质燃油3个方面探讨我国汽油质量战略。