400000 DWT大型矿砂船舾装设计及创新

全面总结了大型矿砂船锚台设计的改进、系泊布置的设计、舵系设计的改进、检验通道的设计、NAUT-OC要求的驾驶室门窗设计。阐述了大型矿砂船的舾装特点。     

移动自组网跨层设计：方法与难点

首先分析了跨层设计提出的背景,然后对文献中的跨层设计建议进行了分类,分为无线TCP的跨层设计、基于网络层的跨层设计和以链路层为核心的跨层设计三类,并综述了每一类的典型协议和算法。接着介绍了一个跨层设计框架,分析了其设计思路和实现方式。进而总结了跨层设计面临的难点,包括跨层设计理论研究、性能和代价的权衡、跨层设计建议的共存问题和三层以上跨层设计四个方面。     

电子设备协同设计技术

从电子设备结构设计方面,介绍了结构设计的主要内容,分别描述了热设计技术与电磁兼容技术。以热设计技术与电磁兼容技术之间的协同设计为例,介绍了协同设计的内容,给出了热对流、热传导与电磁兼容协同设计的设计准则。简单介绍了结构设计中的其他协同设计内容。     

舰船水幕系统设计方法研究

本文对舰船水幕系统设计方法展开研究,介绍了水幕系统耗水量计算、喷水量设计、分区设计、管路设计、系统阻力计算建模和优化设计等方法。采用共管设计减少了管路和喷头数量,降低了系统布置难度和重量,实现了水幕防护、洗消、降温和泡沫灭火系统集成优化设计。以某舰水幕系统为例,对系统进行设计和计算分析。提出优化调整措施,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

山区高速公路路基设计特点分析

介绍了山区高速公路路基设计的一般原则,从横断面型式的选择、特殊路基的设计方法、路基排水设计等方面对山区高速公路的路基设计特点进行了分析,并在如何兼顾技术、经济、环保等方面提出了一些设计建议。     

国际EPC交钥匙合同业主方的设计管理

文章给出了国际上工程设计阶段划分的方法;分析了国际EPC合同中关于业主对设计管理的惯例规定,包括设计范围、设计依据和技术标准、设计文件检查和审批、设计责任、竣工文件和操作维护手册编制和提交等;并讨论了业主方设计管理中的设计标准、设计责任、设计审批争议、设计文件的知识产权等关键问题.     

基于精益造船的船舶生产设计管理流程研究

基于精益造船思想,分析研究了船舶生产设计前期准备、生产设计模型、生产设计图纸及设计变更和项目总结的管理流程,这些管理流程通过在多个船舶生产设计项目的实际应用,对船舶生产设计项目的设计进度、设计质量的控制提供可靠保障,取得了较好的综合效益,为船舶设计单位提高生产设计管理水平提供了有益的借鉴。     

汽车后桥焊缝的快速设计方法

在汽车行业为了缩短设计周期、降低成本、制造出质高价廉的创新车型，提出了采用快速设计方法来完成汽车后桥的焊缝设计。在设计过程中，重新定义了焊缝长度，提出了后桥焊缝承载评价标准和变形控制评价标准。先对后桥进行数学建模，开展了后桥热弹塑性有限元分析，进行焊缝安全系数的校核和焊接变形预测。研究结果表明：采用快速设计法大大缩短了后桥焊缝设计周期，提高了设计效率，降低了产品的设计成本，同时保证了设计的可靠性。     

舰船环境通信设备的电磁兼容设计

论文对现代舰船电磁干扰产生的机理进行了分析,在舰船通信系统方案论证、研制、安装和使用等整个过程中,提出了通过接地设计、防浪涌设计、布线设计、屏蔽设计和滤波设计等措施开展EMC设计,有效降低了舰船环境中辐射干扰、传导干扰、电磁脉冲、浪涌、静电放电和串扰等因素对舰船通信系统的影响。     

一种光伏逆变器的多输出辅助开关电源设计

本文设计了一种光伏逆变器的辅助开关电源。由于光伏逆变器需要的辅助电源路数很多,且要考虑高、低压的隔离,所以设计了两个反激式开关电源。文中介绍了这两个开关电源的计算和设计过程,重点论述了变压器磁芯及绕组的设计、反馈及稳压电路的设计。设计的辅助电源已经用于光伏逆变器上,运行稳定可靠。良好的实验结果证明了设计方法的正确性。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

Investigating UAVs applications and intention to use in the maritime shipping in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

This study empirically evaluated the effects of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications and acceptable cost on intention to use UAVs in maritime shipping contexts. Factor analysis was employed to identify key UAVs applications (i.e. pollution forensics, supervision and service, search and rescue, humanitarian and emergency delivery, and safety and security), acceptable UAV cost, and intention to use UAVs. Survey data were collected from 201 respondents working for a maritime port corporation, shipping company, agency, and stevedoring company, and then hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test research hypotheses and examine the effects of UAVs applications and acceptable cost dimensions on intention to use UAVs. The results suggested that the pollution forensics, supervision and service, search and rescue, humanitarian and emergency delivery, and safety and security dimensions positively affected intention to use UAVs. The study findings also revealed negative associations among seniority, turnover, and intention to use UAVs. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are proposed to assist maritime port bureaus, corporations, and operating practice design in remaining competitive and efficient.     

A Review of Whale-Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean

Whale-watching is a significant and growing tourism industry worldwide. Whaling has a long history and, although largely curtailed today, still occurs in a few countries around the world and in the Caribbean. Whaling has been labeled an incompatible activity with whale-watching because, in some cases, it reduces the number of whales available for use and changes whale behavior. Moreover, in some situations, whale-watching generates greater revenue than whaling, and whaling may detrimentally affect the larger tourism industry because of negative attitudes toward whaling by whale-watchers, other tourists, and host communities. This article examines the potential impacts of whaling on the whale-watching and tourism industries, and places these impacts in the Caribbean context. In doing so, the article outlines the history and current status of whale-watching in the Caribbean, outlines other potential constraints, and highlights the need for research about the impacts and roles of these industries. In the highly competitive global tourism industry, maintaining and nurturing a country's tourism image is critically important.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

Digging Deep: Managing Social and Policy Dimensions of Geoduck Aquaculture Conflict in Puget Sound,Washington

Shellfish aquaculture can result in conflicts among stakeholders who perceive impacts and tradeoffs regarding sense of place, aesthetic, recreational, economic, and ecological values. Pacific geoduck clams (Panopea generosa Gould 1850) are grown in intertidal plots using gear- and labor-intensive techniques that result in a high value export product. A confluence of issues has resulted in on-going social and legal tensions surrounding geoduck aquaculture in southern Puget Sound, Washington (WA), USA. Using interviews and document analysis, we explored stakeholder perspectives and policy issues related to geoduck aquaculture in southern Puget Sound. Twenty-three stakeholders were interviewed, including state agency employees, representatives of the aquaculture industry, nongovernmental organizations, landowners, a tribal member, and an academic. Nine state hearings board decisions on challenges to aquaculture permits were also analyzed. Stakeholders articulated a variety of perspectives regarding aesthetic, recreational, land-use, ecological, political, regulatory, and economic aspects of geoduck aquaculture activities. Hearings board cases addressed similar issues (aesthetic, ecological, and recreational), as well as challenges to restrictions on aquaculture. Potential strategies for managing this conflict include emphasizing best management practices, identifying and incorporating best available science, joint fact-finding approaches, and initiating and improving communication among all stakeholders.     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

中国古代造船业对世界的贡献与影响(连载一)

中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期，风帆出现比埃及晚，但是一经问世，技术上先进程度却是惊人的，特别是公元前后到十五世纪，许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造，不但丰富和发展了自己，而且使世界各国受益非浅，极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行，其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍，它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化，中国人民，是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时，也激励我们继往开来，与时俱进，勇往直前。     

Disused shrimp ponds: Options for redevelopment of mangroves

Associated with the rapid increase in the production of cultured marine shrimp has been large‐scale conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds. Production in many regions has proved to be unsustainable, largely due to inappropriate construction methods, poor environmental conditions, overstocking, and disease. A number of shrimp ponds consequently are unproductive and lie idle. Accurate assessments of pond disuse are difficult to obtain; however, unofficial estimates have suggested that as many as 70% of ponds may be disused after a period in production. Pond construction, shrimp culture, and pond disuse lead to alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological conditions, and the flora and fauna composition of the pond area. The case for restoration, or rehabilitation to a sustainable use, is strong. Consideration must be given to the causes of production failure, the environmental conditions remaining following disuse, the needs and preferences of pond owners and coastal managers, and technical constraints.