河南省三淅高速公路施工期能源消耗总量分析研究

文章采用填报能耗统计表格的方式,调查了河南省三淅高速卢氏至寺湾段施工期能源消耗总量情况。统计结果显示,三淅高速公路卢氏至寺湾段施工期能源消耗总量折合标准煤为129 959.92 t,平均每公里能耗折合标准煤1 067.75 t,每万元投资能耗折合标准煤95.93 kg。     

高速公路运营期节能减排绩效评价指标体系研究

基于高速公路运营期能源消耗和污染物排放的特点,对高速公路运营期节能减排绩效进行定性评价,提出了节能减排评价体系以及评价指标选取的原则,并按照各评价指标对运营期节能减排的影响程度,采用突变级数法对指标进行了定性和定量的对比分析,并以运营期能耗和排放的主要环节即隧道、收费站等管理单位和服务区等服务单位三个方面作为分类依据,建立了相对应的节能减排绩效评价指标体系,并形成了各评价体系的等级划分标准,为高速公路运营期节能减排绩效评价提供理论基础。     

高速公路建设项目过程后评价探讨

文章在概述公路建设项目后评价的过程评价基本原理的基础上,针对高速公路建设项目的特点,以沪宁高速公路江苏段为例,从五个方面对高速公路建设项目过程进行了评价分析,并提出相关建议.     

交通运输行业碳交易机制分析

采用"自上而下"的能源消耗碳排放量的测算方法,对我国交通运输仓储和邮政业能源消费量和碳排放量进行了科学测算。并基于行业能耗特点,从基本定位、实现路径、市场机制等方面分析了交通运输行业碳交易机制的实现方式,提出了交通运输行业碳交易实现机制的总体发展建议。     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

高速公路运行监测系统研究

在高速公路实现取消省界站后,行车计费、收费均实现无人值守,需要对高速公路上的机电设备和收费系统运行状态进行实时监测。文章介绍了高速公路运行监测系统的功能架构,阐述了如何通过RabbitMQ消息中间件接收门架、车道"心跳"数据,并从oracle业务表中同步交易数据到Solr数据库,实现数据分析、数据统计、界面展示功能。     

高速公路行业建设项目环境影响重大变动要点分析 ——以湖南省G60醴陵至娄底高速公路为例

由于线路摆动或调整,高速公路行业建设项目出现环境影响重大变动现象多发,已成为高速公路建设项目重点关注的内容.如何快速准确判定高速公路行业建设项目是否存在环境影响重大变动,有利于指导高速公路建设单位履行环保职责.本文以G60醴陵至娄底高速公路扩容工程(简称醴娄高速)为例,阐述了高速公路行业建设项目环境影响重大变动分析的重点内容.     

能源消耗实时监测控制系统研究

能源实时监测控制系统的应用,促使船舶能耗监测形式由人工监测向在线监测转变、能耗监管时效由能耗统计向能耗实时监测转变,提高能源消耗监测控制的准确性和实时性,有效提高能耗的现代化管理水平。     

隧道机电系统设计方案对节能减排的影响研究

隧道机电系统运营期能耗是公路项目能源消耗的重中之重,重点分析隧道机电系统设计方案,评估隧道机电系统能耗指标和能效水平,对下一步隧道机电系统的初步设计和施工图设计提供依据,提出要求。     

绿色高速公路运营期在线监测技术体系研究——环境、气象、能耗监测

为了做好高速公路运营期环境、气象、能耗的在线监测,保证行车安全、提升服务功能、减少碳排放,本文针对高速公路运营期的空气、水、噪声等环境污染问题,气象灾害导致的交通事故问题,运管养护能源消耗量大的问题,提出建立绿色高速公路在线监测技术体系。该体系基于环境监测、气象监测、能耗监测三个方面,明确监测布点选择及相应指标,开展基础数据采集,并架构在线监测系统平台进行综合分析。该体系面向高速公路管理部门,可为高速公路管理决策提供技术支持,为运营期在线监测技术的集成应用奠定理论基础。     

交通与土地利用一体化的主要内容与实现途径

本文在分析现代城市病产生原因的基础上,从交通的角度提出了解决现代城市病的对策思路。在此基础上,阐述了交通一体化的内容、交通与土地利用一体化的关键和实现途径。作者提出防止现代城市病的关键是混合土地使用、严格控制通勤圈半径和建立公交主导的绿色交通系统。     

铁路隧道防排水现状与思考

文章针对铁路隧道的防排水现状,指出了目前在防排水设计与施工中存在的问题和难点,并进行了具体分析,在防水类型的选择、地下水处理、衬砌外围结构防水、内衬砌防水等方面提出了铁路隧道防排水的措施和建议。     

材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划技术成果简介

当前,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会已提升为国家战略。交通运输部为加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型交通,组织开展了“材料节约与循环利用专项行动计划”。通过专项行动大力推广路面再生技术、废胎胶粉筑路应用技术、机制砂混凝土技术以及聚合物改性水泥混凝土技术等西部交通建设科技项目成果,以为交通建设资源的高效利用和循环使用提供示范。本刊现以专栏形式介绍上述成果的相关内容,以飨读者。     

Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.     

Characterisation of and reflections on the synergy of bicycles and public transport

The bicycle is often understood as a disjointed ‘feeder’ mode that provides access to public transport. We argue that combined use of the bicycle and public transport should be understood in a broader perspective, especially where bicycles link to higher speed and higher capacity public transport, such as the train. Cycling and public transport can have a symbiotic relationship forming a hybrid, distinct transport mode, which should be reflected in transport planning. The bicycle is as a way to soften the rigid nature of public transport and thus accommodate diverse individual travel needs and situations. Public transport can be seen as a means to dramatically extend cycling’s speed and spatial reach. We combine a system perspective with conceptual analysis to explore how, why and when this reconsideration is important. We use the Netherlands as illustrative case because of the relative maturity of its bicycle–train connections. The case shows that the synergy between rather opposite yet highly complementary aspects, high speed of the train, high accessibility of the bicycle and flexibility in combining both sub-modes, are the fundamental characteristics to understand the functioning of this system in a wider spatial context. In our conclusion we propose a research agenda, to further explore the relevance of this system for land-use and transport planning and distil wider implications for the international debate.     

Modeling and analysis of mixed flow of cars and powered two wheelers

In modern cities, a rapid increase of motorcycles and other types of Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) is observed as an answer to long commuting in traffic jams and complex urban navigation. Such increasing penetration rate of PTWs creates mixed traffic flow conditions with unique characteristics that are not well understood at present. Our objective is to develop an analytical traffic flow model that reflects the mutual impacts of PTWs and Cars. Unlike cars, PTWs filter between cars, have unique dynamics, and do not respect lane discipline, therefore requiring a different modeling approach than traditional “Passenger Car Equivalent” or “Follow the Leader”. Instead, this work follows an approach that models the flow of PTWs similarly to a fluid in a porous medium, where PTWs “percolate” between cars depending on the gap between them.Our contributions are as follows: (I) a characterization of the distribution of the spacing between vehicles by the densities of PTWs and cars; (II) a definition of the equilibrium speed of each class as a function of the densities of PTWs and cars; (III) a mathematical analysis of the model’s properties (IV) an impact analysis of the gradual penetration of PTWs on cars and on heterogeneous traffic flow characteristics.The proposed model could contribute as an enabler for ‘PTW-aware’ future Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems technologies and traffic regulations.     

油气管道的腐蚀与防护技术研究

国内大多数油田在开采过程中,油井伴生气通常含有成分不等的CO2、H2S等腐蚀性气体,同时由于油气集输系统也不可能完全密闭,造成大气中的O2等腐蚀性气体进入油气生产系统,因此油气生产系统存在的腐蚀类型多种多样。针对油气管道的腐蚀现状,简要综述了CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀、氧腐蚀机理及其影响因素。并在此基础上介绍了阴极保护技术、耐蚀材料防腐技术、工程防腐技术、化学防腐技术等几种国内外常用的防腐措施。     

集输管道效率监测及分析

为了更好地采用节能技术以不断降低管道能耗,提高管道效率,文中以集输管道为研究对象,根据集输管道效率计算模型,对11条输油管线进行了效率与能耗监测。监测结果表明:影响输油管道效率的主要因素是管道温降,其次为管道压降。对影响管道温降和压降的相关因素进行分析,提出了合理选择保温材料和保温结构、增加保温层厚度、添加减阻剂及采用管道内涂减阻技术等改进措施,对于集输管道的节能降耗具有借鉴意义。     

公交支付方式及其效率调查分析

智能系统的广泛使用,带来了移动支付的普及。公交支付在传统IC卡和现金支付的基础上,加入了云闪付和二维码支付。为探究移动支付对公交支付效率的影响,基于杭州市公交发展现状,制定了公交支付情况的调查方案。通过对所选10、93、97公交线路的早、晚高峰和平峰的三天实地调查,采集视频数据并使用SPSS进行定量统计分析,发现公交乘客刷卡占62%、二维码占27%、云闪付占6%、现金占5%。当乘客提前做好准备时,刷卡支付时间为1.29 s,低于云闪付的1.42 s和二维码的1.65 s,而未准备好时用时分别为6.74 s、10.94 s、8.54 s。通过相关性和多元线性回归分析得出"提前拿卡"、"上车掏卡"、"提前开二维码"和"上车开二维码"四种支付方式对公交停留时间延长的影响最大。