交通运输行业能耗统计监测平台设计

构建一个基于Internet网络的数据平台,综合利用抽样数据填报、实时能耗数据监测两种手段,基于影响能耗和排放的相关因素,分类统计和计算交通运输业能耗及排放数据.利用该统计监测平台,可全面、准确掌握交通运输业,以及各子类行业能耗结构.结合交通运输行业内不同产业结构,以及行业内生产能耗结构,为能耗评价提供判断基础和借鉴,为行业的发展决策提供依据和指导.     

基于改进的BP神经网络探究航空与陆侧客流关系

为提高航空与陆侧交通客流关系分析的效率,本文基于大数据手段统计海量的航空客流和陆侧交通客流数据,利用改进的BP神经网络算法对航空客流和陆侧交通客流的关系进行了研究。首先,通过遍历隐含层神经元个数并增加算法运行次数的方法探寻隐含层最佳神经元个数。其次,保持航空客流数据不变,在时间轴上偏移陆侧交通客流数据,基于拟合系数设定评价函数,衡量航空客流和陆侧交通客流数据的匹配程度。其三,基于首都国际机场的实际数据进行实例分析,得到航空旅客乘坐陆侧交通方式提前到达和滞后离开机场的时间,并获得了航空客流和陆侧交通客流之间定量关系表达式,为机场陆侧交通设施的建设和改善提供了参考依据。     

基于半监督SVM的交通方式特征分析和识别

为解决基于手机信令数据识别大规模用户交通方式问题,多维度分析出行方式特征,提出结合主动学习和Tri-training的半监督支持向量机算法。以手机信令出行链为基础,将出行特征划分为距离、时间、速度、出行者属性等四类,并进一步研究多维度特征及其计算方法 ,基于有向无环图设计一种结合主动学习与基于Tri-training的半监督多分类支持向量机。运用HY市手机信令数据构建样本集并训练该分类器,与多种监督学习分类算法进行比较。结果表明主动学习构造的富含信息的已标记样本集可以减少半监督学习的迭代次数,Tri-training半监督支持向量机可以通过大量未标记样本提升分类器准确率,结合主动学习与Tri-training半监督支持向量机算法可以有效地识别手机信令数据出行链的交通方式。     

公路交通建设设计未来发展趋势及对策

交通工程设计行业单位相互竞争加剧,交通基础设施发展加快,加之交通建设市场将面临瓶颈约束,对于设计单位更是雪上加霜。本文以此为出发点,分析了交通建设发展需求,以及社会发展与交通建设的矛盾,得出现阶段的交通发展不是结尾,而是开篇,更需要转型。结合未来交通运输将是目标区域范围的朝发夕至、多维层次网络和综合立体智能交通等理念,分析了当前设计行业单位之间竞争思路和所采取的策略以及由此所带来的问题,提出了交通运输规划及设计行业机构保持健康持续发展的建议。     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

城市轨道交通系统运行节能措施研究

本文探讨了我国城市轨道交通系统运行能耗分类,在既有研究成果的基础上运用仿真测算方法对影响城市轨道交通运行能耗的相关因素进行分析,指明了城市轨道交通系统节能发展方向。     

市政道路平面交叉口的交通组织设计

市政道路平面交叉口处路况复杂且多变,为了更好地建设市政道路平面交叉口,做好交叉口的交通组织设计,对市政道路的交叉口分类进行介绍,分析各类交叉口的通行能力,对交叉口的交通路径优化方法进行分析。在此基础上,提出市政道路平面交叉口渠化设计策略,为改进城市交通组织方式、改善城市道路平面交叉口交通拥堵状况提供思路和方法。     

基于兴趣点数据的城市建成环境评价

城市建成环境对居民生活质量具有很大影响,由于城市建成环境的构成因素比较复杂,如何采集数据、并进行量化评价,是城市规划人员关心的问题。本文以上海市为例,以交通中区为分析单位,利用兴趣点(POI)数据、路径规划数据,基于因子分析法提出了一种城市建成环境的量化评价方法。该方法通过一般建成环境、交通可达性、交通设施分布等三个公共因子描述建成环境,。研究表明:公共因子得分能够有效反映不同区域建成环境的差异;城市建成环境综合因子得分较大程度上受到各类基础设施的空间密度影响;通过分析因子得分结果与人口普查数据对比分析,识别出了上海的基础设施建设水平有待提高的区域。研究结果为新数据环境下的城市建成环境评价提供了一种新的思路,也为城市公共设施空间布局、以及交通规划提供参考。     

基于车牌数据的行程速度特性及交通状态评估

针对目前基于车牌的数据信息量大、覆盖范围广,但数据利用率低、资源浪费严重等问题,进行基于车牌的数据挖掘研究。分析已有数据处理方法及可能存在的问题,提出基于聚类思想的时间间隔获取方法,并对提取的行程时间数据进行异常判别和修复。利用相关方法计算平均行程速度,采用统计学分析方法研究了行程速度的时变特性,得到不同天相同时段平均行程速度的稳态变化规律。通过平均行程速度与速度标准差的量化关系研究,获得一天中不同时段行程速度的波动情况,最后设计以速度阈值为判断准则的交通状态评估算法,实例分析结果与实际交通状况一致,说明算法的科学性和有效性,可为交通管理部门提供可靠的决策依据。     

美国交通运输能耗统计报表及其数据来源

交通运输是主要能源消费者之一,也是二氧化碳排放的主要源头。统计交通运输能源消费数据,分析其能源消费特征对降低该行业的能耗和二氧化碳排放有重要的意义。本文通过对美国交通运输能耗统计报表及其数据来源和相关的文献进行分析,展示了美国交通运输能源统计制度的运作方式及其报表统计制度和格式。指出了美国交通运输能耗统计系统的优点和缺点,以及美国交通运输能耗监测统计系统对交通运输行业最主要能源消费者和二氧化碳排放者的能耗监测和统计存在重大缺陷,可为未来建设中国的交通运输能耗监测和统计系统提供借鉴,并据此提出了具体的建设设想和建议。     

Short Sea Shipping’s Green Label at Risk

Abstract

Shifting cargo from land‐based modes to maritime transport has been a prioritized policy in many policy papers to make transport more environmental friendly. Traditional calculations of emissions per transport capacity unit have supported this. However, maritime transport may stand to loose its good environmental reputation in comparison to road transport due to (1) the sluggish processes in maritime environmental policies and the low ambition level of current regulations, (2) the much higher focus on improving the environmental efficiency of the road haulage industry, (3) the much longer economic life of vessels compared to trucks, and (4) focus on faster vessels that increase the average fuel consumption of the sea transport alternative. Through a realistic case study, the energy efficiency and emissions of alternative multimodal transport chains is presented to illustrate these points.     

Energy consumption in China’s logistics industry: A decomposition analysis using the LMDI approach

The logistics industry plays a critical role in boosting China’s economic development, although at significant externality costs. Using the 1980–2010 data, we examine the historical evolution of energy consumption in China’s logistics industry. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was used to analyze the key factors that drove the chronicle changes in logistics energy consumption in China. Changes in energy consumption of China’s logistics industry are attributed to growth in logistics activity, modal shift in freight transportation, increases in transport intensity, and overall improvements in energy intensity: (1) China’s logistics industry enjoyed fast growth with an average annual growth rate of 9.65% from 1980 to 2010. Increase in logistics activity has been the major force driving up logistics energy consumption (accounting for 48.8% of logistics energy increase); (2) Logistics energy consumption increased by 22.91 times, averaging at 11.9% growth per year. Fuel consumption in highway transportation has become more dominant in logistics energy consumption; (3) While changes in logistics activities, transportation modes and transport intensity pushed up logistics energy consumptions, improvements in energy intensity helped significantly to curb the energy rise in China’s logistics industry.     

Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid

Powertrain electrification is currently the best alternative to ensure sustainable energy efficient personal mobility, increasing the integration of intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (RES), improving air quality in urban centres, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and their dependence on fossil energy sources. With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) available from automotive manufacturers, one key question that arises is the capability of the electrical grid to feed the increasing energy demand of the EV fleet without major investments. This paper shows that a progressive penetration of EVs, even at a rapid rate, is perfectly possible for vehicles that offer autonomy, energy consumption and charging characteristics that are currently available in the market. This analysis is based on data acquired during a year, using a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PEV) as the only vehicle for a typical, Southern European Portuguese family. The energy consumption of a gasoline and electric vehicle is presented, as well as its impact on the household load pattern. An analysis of the impact on the grid is also presented, considering several penetration rates (100 thousand, 500 thousand and 1 million vehicles). As well as the avoided use of fossil fuel per vehicle and consequent reduction in overall emissions when compared with a conventional vehicle.     

西部原油管道输量与能耗分析

为降低西部原油管道管输能耗,通过计算管道在不同季节、不同流量下的摩阻损耗,结合管道参数和输油泵特性曲线,分析得出影响输油生产单位能耗的因素包括管输流量和输油温度。进一步计算得出了不同流量和不同季节对应的输油生产单耗。结果表明,流量对输油生产单耗影响较大,西部原油管道管输流量在1 000~1 400 m~3/h区间时生产单耗相对较低;流量大于1 600 m3/h时,生产单耗随流量上升接近线性增长。而输油温度对生产单耗的影响较小,同一流量下冬季生产单耗略高于夏季生产单耗。     

A point card system for public transport utilization in Korea

This study analyzes consumer preferences for a new incentive program based on a point card to promote green consumption; the study also examines the program’s impact on bus utilization in South Korea. An ex-ante analysis was conducted to examine how consumer behavior can be modified based on varying incentive levels of the point card system. In addition, the effect of the system on consumers’ public transport utilization and resulting CO₂ emissions reductions are analyzed. The adoption probability of the point card is forecast at about 93%, and annual CO₂ emissions are forecast to decrease by 610 kt CO₂.     

An integrated metro operation optimization to minimize energy consumption

Energy efficient techniques are receiving increasing attention because of rising energy prices and environmental concerns. Railways, along with other transport modes, are facing increasing pressure to provide more intelligent and efficient power management strategies.This paper presents an integrated optimization method for metro operation to minimize whole day substation energy consumption by calculating the most appropriate train trajectory (driving speed profile) and timetable configuration. A train trajectory optimization algorithm and timetable optimization algorithm are developed specifically for the study. The train operation performance is affected by a number of different systems that are closely interlinked. Therefore, an integrated optimization process is introduced to obtain the optimal results accurately and efficiently.The results show that, by using the optimal train trajectory and timetable, the substation energy consumption and load can be significantly reduced, thereby improving the system performance and stability. This also has the effect of reducing substation investment costs for new metros.     

我国公路运输温室气体排放清单研究

本文结合国际形势和国内外研究成果,研究提出我国公路运输温室气体排放清单编制范围、评估对象、编制原则、清单建立方法、排放因子和活动水平确定方法,以及清单编制的技术路线。其中提出公路运输温室气体排放清单建立的三种方法,分别是基于燃料消耗的量化方法、基于车辆的量化方法和基于交通流的量化方法,并采用上述方法结合我国公路运输发展现状和相关研究成果,编制了包含私人交通在内的2008年我国全社会公路运输温室气体排放清单,并结合理论研究和案例分析,提出我国编制公路运输温室气体排放清单的问题与建议。     

Eco-driving key factors that influence fuel consumption in heavy-truck fleets: A Colombian case

This research identifies key variables that influence fuel consumption that might be improved through eco-driving training programs under three circumstances that have been scarcely studied before: (a) heavy- and medium-duty truck fleets, (b) long-distance freight transport, and (c) the Latin American region. Based on statistical analyses that include multivariate regression of operational variables on fuel consumption, the impacts of an eco-driving training campaign were measured by comparing ex ante and ex post data. Operational variables are grouped into driving errors, trip conditions, driver behavior, driver profile, and vehicle attributes.The methodology is applied in a freight fleet with nationwide transport operations located in Colombia, where the steepness of its roads plays an important role in fuel consumption. The fleet, composed of 18 trucks, is equipped with state-of-the-art real-time data logger systems. During four months, 517 trips traveling a total distance of 292,512 km and carrying a total of 10,034 tons were analyzed.The results show a baseline average fuel consumption (FC) of 1.716 liters per ton-100 km. A different logistics performance indicator, which measures FC in liters per ton transported each 100 km, shows an average of 3.115. After the eco-driving campaign, reductions of 6.8% and 5.5% were obtained. Drivers’ experience, driving errors, average speed, and weight-capacity ratio, among others, were found to be highly relevant to FC. In particular, driving errors such as acceleration, braking and speed excesses are the most sensitive to eco-driving training, showing reductions of up to 96% on the average number of events per trip.     

推进交通运输能耗监测与统计的对策及建议研究

文章结合交通运输能耗监测统计工作的开展背景和实际意义,对交通运输能耗监测现状进行梳理,并分析其经验和不足。在此基础上,提出相应的政策建议,为节能减排工作的持续开展提供参考。