船舶在随机横浪中的奇异倾覆机理

本文应用非线性随机动力系统理论,从系统稳定性的角度来分析船舶在随机横浪上的运动稳定性,籍此来研究随机海浪中船舶奇异倾覆的机理.本文的研究发现随机动力系统的全局分岔是导致系统失稳并导致船舶倾覆的一种途径.基于这一思路借助随机Melnikov方法,通过求取相流函数零点得到了船舶运动全局稳定性丧失时海浪条件的阈值,从而可以对船舶的抗倾覆能力作出定量的考察.     

船舶倾覆机理的新见解

利用“对振式可控力矩横摇装置”进行船模允许甲板入水的系列激振横摇实验，得到非线性横摇的实际而准确的数学模型，据此通过风浪联合作用下的动态横摇过程的数值模拟，探讨船模在横风横浪下的倾覆机理，从而形成新见解：翻船是动力横摇的极限运动，临界倾覆于高位平衡点稳定性的丧失。     

On the time for the abandonment of flooded passenger ships due to collision damages

The time dependency of the survivability of passenger ships in flooding accidents leading to ship’s loss is shown to be confined within short times after the flooding initiation. RoRo ferry and cruise type ships demonstrate similar behaviour, though vessel types differ with respect to the subdivision and the flooding process. The presented research is based on numerical simulations of the flooding of two sample passenger ships in collision damages and the estimation of the probability to capsize. The systematic fast character of capsize events is shown to be primarily a consequence of the extent of hull breaches. The IMO regulatory concept for orderly abandonment of damaged passenger ships, in addition to the safe return to port regulatory provisions, are discussed in view of the present results. The timely onboard damage identification by ship’s master and the enhancement of the SOLAS survivability requirements for passenger ships appear to be the most effective operational and design measures leading to improved survivability of the ship and to enhanced safety of people onboard.     

用Melnikov方法研究船舶在随机横浪中的倾覆

本文应用Melnikov函数和相空间转移率研究船舶在随机波浪中的强非线性横摇运动及其倾覆问题,分析了波浪特征频率、特征波高、船舶非线性恢复力臂以及阻尼特性对相空间转移率的影响.以长30.7m、宽6.9m的渔船为例,采用ISSC波浪谱,在时域内计算了Melnikov函数,得到了相空间转移率与Melnikov函数之间的关系以及有义波高对相空间转移率的影响.研究表明:随有义波高增大,相空间转移率不断增大,船舶航行的安全域迅速减小.从而揭示了相空间转移率与船舶倾覆内在的密切联系,为船舶的设计和稳性衡准提供了有价值的参考.     

基于共同结构规范的好望角型散货船设计

分析了共同结构规范（CSR）对好望角型散货船设计的影响，并着重就好望角型散货船为适应CSR所进行的优化改进设计，以及对工艺方法的最新成果的应用作了介绍。     

货舱内液化矿砂晃荡机理及数值计算研究

装载含水量较高矿砂的船舶在长时间摇摆和振动时,装载的矿砂会出现液化现象,其中的水分会析出,并在矿砂表面形成自由液面.受液化矿砂的粘性流动及表层液面的影响,运输该类货物的船舶易发生倾覆事故.建立了载有液化矿砂的三维货舱数值模型,探讨了货舱晃荡时矿砂液面、壁面载荷以及货舱横摇力矩的变化规律等;结合横摇实验现象对液化矿砂晃动机理和危害性进行了初步验证.结果表明：货舱内粘性矿砂的流动滞后于货舱的横摇运动,因而货舱横摇力矩的变化与货舱运动存在着相位滞后的关系,其最大值发生在货舱处于最大晃动角度后返回到平衡位置的过程中;货舱回摇过程中,倾侧的液化矿砂不能及时回流,会在一侧产生堆积,进而增加船舶倾侧力矩,最终可能会导致船舶倾覆.     

船舶内共振动力学行为的研究

本文考虑船舶横摇与纵摇的非线性耦合运动，采用摄动分析及数值计算方法，研究了船舶存在内共振时的非线性动力学行为。研究表明，船舶非线性运动的重要特征是响应不对称、调幅调相及饱和等现象，为揭示船舶在高海情下的倾覆机理奠定了基础。     

On the time dependence of survivability of ROPAX ships

The time dependence of survivability of ROPAX vessels, when sustaining side collision damage in waves, is investigated herein by use of numerical simulations of ship motion and flooding. Conducted research confirms that ROPAX ships characteristically capsize fast, when sustaining damage leading to capsizing. A probabilistic analysis of the survive time after collision damage reveals that even for the most generic damage conditions assumed, the survival time in the case of capsizing remains short, which is characteristic of this type of ship design, disposing the typically large undivided deck to be subject to flooding in higher waves. In a case study, the unconditional survivability in waves, corresponding to survival s-factor of SOLAS regulations, is alternatively assessed with numerical simulations. The estimated survivability proves to be time independent in terms of practical implications. Observed deviations between current SOLAS formulation and simulations, suggest the employment of comprehensive simulation methods when more reliable estimations and assessments of survivability are required.     

船舶参数激励和强迫激励作用下的非线性运动响应

本文应用非线性动力学理论,考虑船舶参数激励和横向强迫激励,研究了船舶的1/2亚谐共振运动。得到了横摇运动失稳条件,提出了横摇运动失稳及船舶倾覆的参数域。     

台湾海峡及附近水域海难事故的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联系统分别分析了所有船舶和300 gt及以上的船舶在台湾海峡及附近水域中发生的海难事故,并对碰撞、触礁或搁浅、触碰、失火或爆炸、机械故障、倾斜或倾覆等六类海难事故,进行了灰色关联矩阵运算及分析。分析结果表明该水域海难事故以300 gt以下的小船所占比率较高,同时该水域海难事故类型以机械故障具较高关联性;当排除300 gt以下的船舶后,该水域海难事故类型则以碰撞具较高关联性。     

纵浪上船舶的动稳性研究

在纵浪上航行的船舶，当升沉（或纵摇）固有频率约为横摇固有频率的2倍时将发生参数激励主共振。本文考虑升沉对横摇的耦合作用，建立了非线性参数激励横摇运动方程。用多尺度方法对方程进行求解，用Floquet理论和分岔理论对定常解进行稳性分析，获得了参数激励主共振下的不稳定域和可以导致船舶倾覆的多数区域，为船舶的动稳性研究提供了一种新的方法。与数值结果的比较验证了本文的结论。     

随机波浪作用下船舶倾覆前持续时间的研究

本文建议采用在随机波作用下船舶保持不倾覆状态所能持续的时间作为表征船舶稳性的指标。由于波浪外载荷随机性的特性 ,这一持续时间是一个随机变量 ,和某一概率相联系。本文运用马尔科夫过程理论和首次通过的概念研究确定这一持续时间和相应的概率。并将理论计算的结果与模型试验的结果进行了比较 ,两者之间有较好的吻合。     

风帆助航船非线性横摇倾覆概率研究

风帆助航技术为船舶利用可再生能源提供了途径,但随着横摇的幅度加大,导致船舶倾覆的概率也增大。文章采用数值分析的方法对风帆助航船舶的非线性横摇方程进行分析求解,对有风帆助航与无风帆助航船在风浪作用下产生倾覆的概率作了比较,为采用风帆助航技术的远洋船舶在符合初稳性和气象衡准稳性条件下的横摇倾覆防范提供研究思路。     

满足巴西PDM港口系泊要求的大型矿砂船系泊设计

巴西拥有丰富的矿产资源和天然深水良港TUBARAO、PDM等。PDM地处热带地区,12月到6月份正是巴西的雨季,一天之中会轮番出现晴、云、阴、雨、雾等复杂的天气现象,几乎天天都下雨。另外,由于特殊的地形地貌造成港内海况     

船舶横浪倾覆试验及其数值模拟

本文介绍船模倾覆试验的结果及其数值模拟。试验表明，在横浪情况下船舶因装载造成的横倾角，会大大增加倾覆的危险性。对这一结论进行的数值模拟与实测结果符合良好。     

船舶临界倾覆状态的功能分析

在船舶临界倾覆的状态的仿真过程中，用动能定理进行了各种因素的功能分析。证明；阻尼耗散能达到位能之半，导致临界风倾力矩显著增大，不可忽略。要准确地估算临界风倾力矩还需计及波浪扰动力矩作功和变惯性矩所引起的动能增量。     

有关船舶倾覆概率问题的讨论

本文从横摇运动微分方程出发，结合随机微分方程理论，讨论了船舶在横对随机波时的倾覆概率问题。可以看出关于船舶在随机波上倾覆概率问题目前提出的几种方法间的联系。最后用Fokker-Planck方程解出了随时间演变的概率分布函数，分析了倾覆问题。     

船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

作为船舶控制装置的水翼艇的适用性研究（英文）

Centrifugal forces are commonly created when ships turn, which may cause a ship to capsize in a critical situation. A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the stability coefficients for ship, with the aim to prevent capsizing and to increase ship maneuverability in high-speed water craft. This model can be used to develop algorithms for control system improvement. The mathematical model presented in this paper optimized the use of multipurpose hydrofoils to reduce heeling and the trimming moment, maintaining an upright ship's position and lessening the resistance via transverse force. Conventionally, the trimming and heeling of a ship are controlled using ballast water; however, under variable sea conditions it is sometimes difficult to control a ship's motion using ballast water. In this case, a hydrofoil would be more stable and maneuverable than a ballast tank controlled vessel. A movable hydrofoil could theoretically be adapted from moveable aerofoil technology. This study proves the merit of further investigation into this possibility.     

Determinants of crew injuries in vessel accidents

This study investigates determinants of the number of non-fatal crew injuries, fatal crew injuries and missing crew in freight ship, tanker and tugboat vessel accidents based upon individual accidents investigated by the US Coast Guard for the 1991-2001 period. Poisson and negative binomial regression estimates suggest that: (1) freight ship and tanker non-fatal injuries are higher when the vessel is moored or docked and during high winds and cold temperatures; (2) tugboat non-fatal injuries are higher during poor visibility; (3) freight ship fatal injuries increase with vessel age and tanker and tugboat fatal injuries are higher for fire and capsize accidents, respectively; and (4) freight ship missing crew increase with vessel age and tugboat missing crew are higher for fire and lake accidents.