海洋环境下钢筋混凝土构件抗力随时间变化模型研究

考虑混凝土强度变化、钢筋锈蚀过程、混凝土碳化和钢筋锈蚀引起的混凝土与钢筋之间粘结能力的改变等因素,建立了高桩码头钢筋混凝土构件抗力随时间变化的随机过程模型。通过算例研究了混凝土碳化、氯离子侵蚀、混凝土强度、构件所处水位等对高桩码头钢筋混凝土构件抗力的影响。并提出海洋环境条件和使用荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件的累积损伤、裂缝宽度计算方法、裂缝宽度对氯离子侵蚀速度的影响、以及钢筋混凝土码头健康状态诊断方法等。     

考虑荷载影响的钢筋混凝土构件钢筋锈蚀模型

对现有典型钢筋锈蚀模型进行了比较分析,选择考虑因素较全面合理的Youping Liu指数模型作为钢筋锈蚀基本模型。将考虑荷载影响的氯离子扩散模型引入钢筋锈蚀基本模型中,建立了考虑荷载影响的钢筋混凝土构件钢筋锈蚀模型。通过实例计算,分析了钢筋锈蚀速度随时间的变化规律。     

考虑荷载作用下抗力时变特性的沿海钢筋混凝土结构可靠度分析

针对海洋环境下钢筋混凝土结构破坏影响因素复杂的特点,建立了荷载作用下的氯离子侵蚀模型和钢筋锈蚀率模型;将钢筋混凝土构件的抗力和作用荷载均视为随机过程,并离散为设计基准期内服从某种分布的随机变量,通过改进的一次二阶矩法计算结构的可靠度指标,建立了荷载作用下考虑构件抗力时变特性的海洋环境下钢筋混凝土结构可靠度分析方法。通过高桩码头的算例说明了该方法的可行性,研究了荷载作用对结构耐久性和承载力寿命的影响。     

基于服役寿命的海工结构耐久性评定

根据某海港泊位码头及引桥结构构件的使用要求,将混凝土表面出现可接受最大外观损伤作为待估结构构件的耐久性极限状态,提出采用现场实测数据进行海工结构耐久性服役寿命评估.分析海洋环境下影响结构服役寿命的因素,采用现场检测数据推算各构件的耐久性参数(混凝土表面氯离子浓度、钢筋处氯离子浓度、氯离子扩散系数等).耐久性寿命评估结果与现场调查检测结果一致.保护层厚度、保护层中氯离子浓度及混凝土等级的实测.混凝土表面氯离子浓度、钢筋表面氯离子浓度及钢筋锈蚀临界氯离子浓度等的推算与选取是耐久性寿命评估的关键因素.     

力与氯盐侵蚀耦合作用下TRC叠合梁的力学性能退化研究

使用预制织物增强混凝土(TRC)永久性模板制作叠合梁构件,并采用电化学侵蚀方法,加速侵蚀,继而开展抗弯试验,分析了2根对比梁和5根TRC叠合梁在氯盐侵蚀作用下溶液浓度、持荷状态、锈蚀率的不同对TRC叠合梁受弯性能的影响.结果表明:锈蚀状态下TRC叠合梁的力学性能退化情况优于普通梁;U型TRC梁模可以阻碍氯离子的渗入,延缓梁内钢筋锈蚀;溶液浓度的提高、钢筋锈蚀率的增大是影响TRC叠合梁承载力下降的直接因素;在较小的锈蚀率下,TRC叠合梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载略有提升.在试验分析的基础上,给出了TRC叠合梁在锈蚀状态下的承载力计算公式,理论计算结果与试验结果较为吻合.     

荷载场和氯离子扩散场共同作用下的钢筋混凝土构件分析

为讨论荷载场与氯离子扩散场的共同作用,引入考虑荷载作用下的混凝土损伤影响函数Fd,采用ABAQUS有限元软件的USDFLD子程序开发功能,在内置的Mass Diffusion模块中考虑荷载作用和力学损伤对氯离子扩散的影响,实现钢筋混凝土构件层次荷载场和氯离子扩散场的多物理场共同作用分析。结果表明:有限元计算结果和试验结果吻合良好;随着荷载比的增大,氯离子在混凝土中的扩散速度逐渐加快,且拉应力对氯离子扩散的促进作用远大于压应力。为探究氯离子在混凝土中的扩散规律提供了一种新方法。     

氯盐腐蚀环境下混凝土结构时变可靠度计算

基于Fick扩散定律,建立了氯离子在混凝土中扩散的多因素修正模型,给出了模型中参数的取值。依据可靠性理论,考虑氯离子侵蚀深度的不同分布特征,利用建立的扩散模型,说明了氯盐侵蚀环境下考虑时变效应的混凝土结构可靠度计算方法。最后给出了实际工程算例,算例结果说明,假定氯离子侵蚀深度服从正态分布带来的计算偏差并不大,却可大大简化计算过程。     

日照港10万吨煤码头混凝土结构维修

港口工程各种混凝土结构、构件常年处于不利的海洋环境中,受海浪冲击、盐类腐蚀和氯离子对钢筋锈蚀,极易发生腐蚀破坏,影响码头的使用功能和结构的安全性。本文重点介绍了对日照港10万t煤码头腐蚀破损的混凝土结构和构件维修的施工工艺。     

基于混凝土三维球形随机骨料模型的氯离子扩散细观数值模拟

当前对于海洋环境下混凝土结构中氯离子的扩散问题的数值模拟研究大多停留在宏观层面,没有考虑混凝土细观结构的影响。针对这一问题,建立了混凝土三维球形随机骨料细观模型,并基于该模型提出了混凝土中氯离子扩散细观数值模拟方法。混凝土三维球形随机骨料模型以随机过程理论为依据,考虑了骨料粒径大小和位置分布的随机性,更接近实际情况;基于该模型的氯离子扩散细观数值模拟方法能够从细观层面反应混凝土中氯离子扩散规律,可以作为混凝土中氯离子扩散研究的重要手段。在此基础上研究了混凝土细观结构对氯离子扩散的影响,结果表明:界面过渡区厚度和扩散系数越大时,经扩散进入混凝土中的总体氯离子含量越多,但混凝土浅层区域内的氯离子含量越少;随着粗骨料体积分数的增加,混凝土中相同深度处的氯离子浓度降低。     

氯离子侵蚀混凝土研究现状综述

氯离子引起钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀是混凝土结构耐久性的一项重要因素,氯离子广泛于海洋环境、道路化冰、盐湖和盐碱地、工业环境、特种行业等各种环境,因此氯离子引起钢筋锈蚀是结构设计使用期内一个不容回避的问题,对其深入研究是一项迫切的需求.本文系统地阐述了国内外关于氯离子侵蚀机理,理论模型和提高混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀方法研究现状.     

钢筋混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀模型及影响因素分析

在海洋环境下,钢筋混凝土构件的物理、力学特性随时间发生明显变化,使结构的安全度降低。影响钢筋混凝土构件耐久性的主要原因是钢筋锈蚀。关于钢筋锈蚀计算,有多种计算模型,不同计算模型的计算结果存在着较大差异,计算模型中相关参数的取值也有很多不同研究成果。本文通过算例,对各种模型及其相关参数的影响进行比较分析,可为钢筋混凝土结构耐久性设计和开展进一步研究工作提供参考。     

Behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with hollow composite sections and GFRP bars

Hollow concrete columns (HCCs) constitute a structurally efficient construction system for marine and offshore structures, including bridge piers and piles. Conventionally, HCCs reinforced with steel bars are vulnerable to corrosion and can lose functionality as a result, especially in harsh environments. Moreover, HCCs are subjected to brittle failure behavior by concrete crushing due to the absence of the concrete core. Therefore, this study investigated the use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as a solution for corrosion and the use of hollow composite-reinforced sections (HCRSs) to confine the inner concrete wall in HCCs. Furthermore, this study conducted an in-depth assessment of the effect of the reinforcement configuration and reinforcement ratio on the axial performance of HCCs. Eight HCCs with the same lateral-reinforcement configuration were prepared and tested under monotonic loading until failure. The column design included a column without any longitudinal reinforcement, one reinforced longitudinally with an HCRS, one reinforced longitudinally with GFRP bars, three reinforced with HCRSs and different amounts of GFRP bars (4, 6, and 8 bars), and three reinforced with HCRSs and different diameters of GFRP bars (13, 16, 19 mm). The test results show that longitudinal reinforcement—whether GFRP bars or HCRSs—significantly enhanced the strength and displacement capacities of the HCCs. Increasing the amount of GFRP bars was more effective than increasing the bar diameter in increasing the confined strength and the displacement capacity. The axial-load capacity of the GFRP/HCRS-reinforced HCCs could be accurately estimated by calculating the load contribution of the longitudinal reinforcement, considering the axial strain at the concrete peak strength. A new confinement model considering the combined effect of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in the lateral confinement process was also developed.     

海工钢筋混凝土构造物维修技术

钢筋混凝土构造物暴露在海洋环境中容易出现钢筋锈蚀引起的耐久性破损,导致结构物整体加速腐蚀破坏,因此及时对破损钢筋混凝土构造物进行维修对延长结构使用寿命具有重要意义.海工钢筋混凝土构造物维修除了考虑修补材料一般性能以外还须考虑施工环境和耐久性问题.随着材料科技和施工技术的发展,人们研发出了适用于海洋环境的各种修补材料和施工工艺,能适用于不同的施工环境和施工要求.系统介绍和分析了目前常用于海工构造物维修中的一些维修新技术.     

Analysis of corrosion risk due to chloride diffusion for concrete structures in marine environment

The chloride-induced steel corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration for reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments. The chloride ingress into reinforced concrete structures is even more complex since it depends on random parameters linked to transport and chemical properties of materials, which results in variability of corrosion initiation. This variation raises the need of statistical approaches to evaluate the risk of corrosion initiation due to chloride ingress. To address this issue, we use sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of input parameters on critical length of time before corrosion initiation predicted by our chloride diffusion model. Exceedance probabilities of corrosion initiation time given that input parameters exceed certain thresholds were also calculated. Results showed that the corrosion initiation time was most sensitive to: chloride effective diffusion coefficient D_e in concrete, that is a parameter controllable by relevant stakeholders; surface chloride concentration C_s, a non-controllable parameter depending on surrounding conditions. Reducing the chloride diffusion coefficient enables us to postpone the maintenance of structures. However, the interaction between controllable parameters and non-controllable surrounding conditions was revealed influential on the reliability of results. For instance, the probability that corrosion initiation time exceeds 15 years given an effective diffusion coefficient (D_e) equal to 0.1 × 10⁻¹² m²⋅s-1 can vary from 19 to 41% according to stochastic variations of chloride concentrations (C_s) values. Postponing the corrosion initiation time was combined with a decreasing probability of its occurrence.     

钢筋锈蚀引起混凝土开裂过程的研究

本文根据Fiek定律,建立了混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的数学模型,应用快速锈蚀试验的结果推出了钢筋锈蚀引起混凝土开裂时间的计算公式,并将其推广应用于实际港工结构,所得计算结果与实际情况十分吻合。     

海洋环境中钢筋混凝土耐久性设计综述

海洋环境中钢筋混凝土结构耐久性要求日益提高,文中对耐久性设计中应用的高性能混凝土、缓蚀剂以及各种类型的防腐钢筋、保护性涂层、阴极保护等方法进行介绍,重点阐述不同方法在各种环境中的适用性。可结合不同情况,选择适宜的耐久性设计方法。     

Degradation of bond strength and deformation between TRC-confined seawater sand concrete and BFRP bars under chloride corrosion environment

The interfacial bonding performance between seawater sand concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars were tested under different textile reinforced concrete (TRC) confinement layers, confinement sequences and chloride salt dry-wet cycles. The results show that TRC confinement can change the failure mode of the specimen and improve the ductility of specimens. With the increase of corrosion age, compared with the specimens with the same restrained layers in the conventional environment, the ultimate bond strength of restrained specimens before corrosion gradually decreases, and the slip value when reaching the ultimate bond strength also slightly decreases. The bond strength of the pre-restrained corroded specimens has the same development trend. Based on the bond-slip model of deformed steel bars and concrete proposed by Eligehansen for the first time in 1983—BPE model, under the control of TRC confinement and corrosion age, the relationship between the TRC confinement layer and the ultimate bond strength and slip of seawater sand concrete and BFRP steel bar is established. By fitting and predicting the ultimate bond strength, corresponding slip value, and corrosion age control of different TRC confinement layers, it is found that the confinement effect will not be significantly improved when the confinement layers exceed 4 layers. Under long-term chloride corrosion, the failure mode of the specimen may still change into splitting failure when the number of restrained layers is small.     

某栈桥的建造、维修历史及其耐久性状况

青岛地区受海水侵蚀的混凝土结构破坏的主要原因是氯离子侵入引发的钢筋腐蚀。传统的对盐污染结构简单地涂覆涂层这种局部修补方式不能有效地解决氯离子诱发的钢筋腐蚀问题，采用渗入型钢筋阻锈剂是一种有效的修复新技术.