The MED rule: the interdependence of container throughput and transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports

The aim of the present paper is to explain the Mediterranean Transhipment Rule by a mathematical model showing the relationship between the diversion distance and the transhipment volumes, as well as the relationship to the total container traffic volume. Thus, the formula was applied to the figures achieved in 1994, 1995 and 1996. To conform with 1994, 1995 and 1996 data the formula was slightly altered so as to forecast transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports. By applying the formula to the figures achieved by some Mediterranean ports, the estimations were done which describe reliably enough that the transhipment volumes depend on the diversion distance and the total traffic throughput. In short, the volume of cargo transhipped in a single port is an inverse linear function of the distance of the port from the main-line vessels' route transiting the Mediterranean, and a linear function of the port container traffic volumes.     

厦门港看好集装箱国际中转业务

2000年,厦门港集装箱吞吐量108万标箱,列世界港口集装箱吞吐量排名第52位;2003年,夏门港集装箱吞吐量233万标箱,列世界港口集装箱吞吐量排名第29位.     

基于资源整合的日本集装箱港口改革重组

近10年来,曾在日本国民经济中具有战略地位的港口部门出现国际竞争力下降的态势,集装箱吞吐量增长缓慢.因此最近日本推出了基于资源整合的一揽子港口新政,旨在通过改革重组使日本集装箱港口重获在东亚地区的竞争优势,谋求港口经济的复兴.对该新政进行探讨,并指出其对我国京津冀都市圈港口群一体化的借鉴意义.     

集装箱港口面临的战略性挑战

为推动现代港口发展，针对全球经济和物流市场的发展对集装箱港口的影响，分析国际贸易指出物流市场的发展受到生产经营的全球化、供应链的转变、第三方和第四方物流的兴起、物流服务提供商的整合、物流网络的变化等因素影响，指出船舶容量的增加，航运业的合作、兼并和收购，全球码头营运商的兴起等成为航运业和集装箱码头发展的趋势，并伴随着内陆物流运营商的发展和班轮运输网络的变化，从协调物流链成员、应对实力强大的客户、增加物流服务和集装箱投资、环境保护等方面分析物流发展对港口和海港当局的影响。     

Competition for transhipment containers by major ports in Southeast Asia: slot capacity analysis

Container ports in Southeast Asia accounted for an estimated 30.0% of the world's transhipment traffic in 2004. The share of the region's transhipment trade was forecasted to increase to 32.5% in 2015. The potential offered by this large and expanding market encouraged major container terminal operators located in Port Klang, Singapore and Tanjung Pelepas to compete intensively for this business by attracting major container shipping lines that operated along key east-west sailing routes to hub at their terminals.

This paper analyses the annual slot capacity connected to the three selected ports that was deployed by all the container shipping lines in 1999-2004. The data are computed and categorized based on shipping trade routes. The study aims to shed light on port competition in Southeast Asia for transhipment containers by an in-depth and quantitative analysis.

The analysis finds that competition from Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas had a negative impact on Singapore's transhipment performance. Although Singapore continued to enjoy a dominant position as the premier transhipment hub in the region in terms of market share by both transhipment throughput and annualized slot capacity, the evidence suggested that its hold on the market appeared to be slipping, albeit gradually. Overall, Tanjung Pelepas is expected to pose the strongest challenge to Singapore's transhipment hub ambitions. Managerial implications for the ports are drawn.     

大型港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性

<正>在国际金融危机对实体经济的影响逐步深化的过程中,港航业不断出现"触底""企稳"和"复苏"的判断。实际上,港航业生产具有显著的季节性不平衡的特点,某些基于港航业生产变化情况所作的判断显然忽视了这一点。本文取月度集装箱吞吐量与全年月均吞吐量的比值为港口集装箱吞吐量月度不平衡指数,据此分析大型港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性。     

解决集装箱港口产能过剩问题的建议

随着物流业被列入十大产业振业规划,全国各地相继掀起港口建设热潮,部分地方政府喊出建设亿吨大港或集装箱干线港的口号;然而,在当前全球石油、煤炭等不可再生资源日益紧张的情况下,建设如此多的超级大港是否存在资源浪费、产能过剩的问题呢?笔者就此展开讨论.     

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

The degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.     

欧洲沿海港口集装箱运输发展状况

欧洲大陆海岸线长达3．79万km,沿海港口星罗棋布,2005年欧洲沿海港口完成集装箱吞吐量7300多万TEU,与同年我国大陆沿海港口集装箱吞吐量7002万TEU规模相当。本文根据相关统计数据分析欧洲沿海港口集装箱运输发展状况。     

我国港口集装箱吞吐量增长趋势分析

<正>0引言2009年是新世纪以来我国经济社会发展最为困难的一年,也是我国港口集装箱运输发展最为困难的一年。在经历20年井喷式增长后,2009年我国港口集装箱吞吐量转为下降。港口集装箱运输主要是为外贸服务的,金融危机爆发后,不少港口为充分利用现有设备,大力吸引空箱来港堆放,使得集装箱吞吐量中空箱所占比重大于往年。从统计数据来看,我国港口集装箱吞吐量的下降率远远小于外贸总额的下降率,但港口集装箱吞吐量的实际下降率大于统计数据。     

北美港口集装箱运输发展分析

<正>1994年1月1日生效的《北美自由贸易协定》推动了加拿大、美国和墨西哥等北美国家的区域经济一体化进程。2008年北美GDP总量达16.68万亿美元,占全球GDP总量的27.55%。北美约有3.5亿人口,消费能力巨大,且与我国经济互补性较强。我国加入世界贸易组织后,与北美国家的双边贸易关系日益紧密(见表1)。     

我国集装箱港口口岸环境的发展方向

<正>口岸环境涉及内容很广,主要分为2类:一是与货物进出口岸相关的服务企业,包括港口码头、船货代理、海上运输、公路运输、铁路运输、金融、法律事务等单位;二是与货物进出口岸相关的政府部门,包括交通运输主管、海关、边防、检验检疫、卫检、商检、海事、引航、公安等部门。     

日本集装箱港口的放松规制与民营化

为增强集装箱港口竞争力,以日本放松规制与民营化的港口新政为例,阐述其政策背景、制度变迁和改革进展,提出我国港口服务应引入不同的投资主体和经营形式。     

美国港口集装箱吞吐量的不平衡性

2007年,我国是美国仅次于加拿大的第2大贸易伙伴,美国是我国仅次于欧盟的第2大贸易伙伴。中美贸易发展促进中美间海运量特别是集装箱海运量的高速增长,中美集装箱运输量是美国与所有贸易伙伴之间最大的。中美贸易货物海上集装箱运输大部分通过美国西海岸港口进出美国,由于近年来美国西海岸港口拥堵及美国内陆运输费用上涨,我国通过全水路运输经过美国东海岸港口进出美国的集装箱运输量有所增加。     

温州港口业:扬起城市经济发展的龙头

温州港的快速扩张和临港工业的壮大，使城市的产业格局和经济格局悄然发生变化。商业型、加工型、消费型小城市逐步被新兴港口工业城市所取代，显然，港口业的龙头地位不可或缺。本文通过调研论证，提出加快港口发展和拉动临港工业措施与建议。     

2006年全球集装箱港口100强

今年,英国杂志《国际货运系统》（Cargo Systems）和往年一样,在其第7,8合期的增刊《集装箱港口100强》（Top 100 Container Ports）上,表（以下称为100强表）列全球按吞吐量排位的前100个集装箱港口,并简单分析这些港口的近况和发展规划。本刊2006年第12期刊登过详细介绍2005年增刊的文章。     

我国港口集装箱海铁联运发展现状

港口竞争的本质是货源竞争。在当前港口集装箱吞吐量迅速增长的情况下,货物是否能够快速、顺畅地进出港口,即港口是否易达,已成为衡量港口竞争力的重要指标之一。随着我国铁路基础设施逐步完善以及东部地区产业持续向中西部地区转移,国内港口开始大力发展集装箱海铁联运,以期在进一步开拓货源的同时,有效缓解港口集疏运压力,提升港口综合竞争力。     

An analysis of the overcapacity problem under the decentralized management system of container ports in Japan

This article is concerned with an analytical summary of how the Japanese container ports have been taking place overcapacity problem in a systematic way. It focuses on institutional aspects of the overcapacity problem from the viewpoint of accounting cost and opportunity cost. The first issue arises due to the port authority's accounting system and insufficient disclosures of financial statements of port business to the port users and taxpayers. The second issue is inherently related to resource allocation between the state government and local governments through the budget system and income distribution programmes. Since a proper allocation of economic resources in the port sector as a whole will depend on investment decisions being taken within a coherent framework for ensuring that costs are passed on to port users, these issues are closely related to each other in reality. Although the budget system is completely controlled by the state government, the local governments have authoritative power over port planning, financing, and management, which is assured by the Ports and Harbours Law. The overcapacity problem appears to be an inevitable result.     

北亚得里亚海集装箱港口群市场前景分析

欧洲发达市场是全球集装箱海运重要板块,对其市场发展潜力分析是中资企业参与欧洲集装箱港口投资的必要前提。集装箱港口市场发展潜力受多种因素影响,以腹地生产法进行市场预测是当前的主流方法,但该方法主要以外贸需求作为变量,存在片面性。针对当前海外港口集装箱市场分析中存在的问题,提出最优路径模型下港口集装箱市场规模预测,并以亚得里亚海北部港口群作为典型案例予以说明。分析表明,最优路径模型在大范围集装箱港口市场规模分析中具有较好的适应性,能够为投资决策提供参考。