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西堠门大流速深水区钢箱梁运输船定位方案研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
西堠门水道水深、流急、海底无覆盖层,水上施工船投锚固定难度大。分析西堠门大桥钢箱梁的吊装工期要求和吊装规程要求,提出利用大吨位混凝土蛙锚和浮动平台构筑锚碇门桥、实施钢箱梁运输船定位的方案,并对箱梁运输船的水阻力、锚链力进行了初步计算,对工程实施具有指导意义。 相似文献
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《世界桥梁》2016,(4)
沪通长江大桥主航道桥为(140+462+1 092+462+140)m双塔连续钢桁梁斜拉桥,桥墩均采用沉井基础,其中下部钢沉井采用船坞内制造,整体出坞、浮运至墩位处的施工方案。浮态钢沉井最大锚泊力为6 940kN,锚泊系统采用大直径钢桩锚碇系统,该锚碇系统由主锚碇、边锚碇、钢缆绳等组成。边锚碇为钢筋混凝土结构,单重约900t,在桥址附近的船厂内预制,用1 800t浮吊起吊装船,4 000t驳船运输。采用1 000t(1 300t)浮吊吊起边锚碇后,通过绞锚移船,调整浮吊船位和船身的扭角来使边锚碇锚位和棘爪方向满足要求,浮吊松主钩,将边锚碇放到河床上,150t浮吊在水面上摘钩。抛设8只边锚碇共用时7d。 相似文献
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为保护地下管线在盾构施工时的安全,研究双线盾构隧道施工时,邻近地下管线与隧道平行、相交工况下管线的安全性判别方法,将不易监测的管线状态转化为可见的地表沉降。管隧平行时,根据偏离系数建立管线与地表沉降关系式;管隧相交时,建立相应计算模型,提出管线与横轴的夹角、管线与横轴交点到纵轴的距离等参数,建立管线与地表沉降关系式。考虑管线连接方式,将管线分为连续管线与非连续管线,分别推导管线和隧道平行、相交时,连续管线的应变与地表沉降关系式和非连续管线的转角与地表沉降关系式。将预测值与实测值进行对比,研究结果表明:此方法具有可靠性;施工前可采用此方法对管线安全进行预测,避免事故发生。 相似文献
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文章分析了建立海底管线隧道运营检测体系的必要性,提出建立运营检测体系须考虑海底隧道的结构安全、水文地质环境特点、运营条件和使用工况以及管线要求等因素,认为检测体系应分成日常检查、定期检测、特别检测和专项检测4类,并给出了检测频率、检测内容、检测方法、技术状况评定标准和各分项指标的权重。最后以深圳前湾隧道为例,采用上述检测体系对隧道进行了定期检测,并摘录了部分检测结果。结论表明,文中给出的检测内容和评定标准能够客观反映海底管线隧道的安全性能及工况状态,采用文中提出的检测方法可准确获得上述指标,从而为隧道病害整治提供科学的决策依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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浮式跨海大桥是实现横跨宽广深邃峡湾或海峡的理想结构。回顾了浮式跨海大桥结构的演进和流固耦合作用模拟技术的发展,总结了两种不同的浮式跨海大桥结构数学模型的构建方法(将浮桥视为超大型浮式结构或多浮体系统);给出了浮桥结构的数学模型和数值方法,指出流固耦合作用对结构荷载、结构阻尼等的影响是不可忽略的;总结了求解运动方程的频域方法和时域方法,指出时域方法在解决非线性问题时更具优势;比较了两种常用于浮桥结构中系泊系统的数值模型(准静态模型和动态模型)的优劣。在此基础上,阐明了现有浮桥模拟技术的不足,提出需要为离散型浮筒支承的浮式跨海大桥建立黏性流体、多结构体、阻尼系统和锚泊系统全耦合的数学模型。最后,对浮式跨海大桥流固耦合作用模拟方法进行了展望。 相似文献
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为解决传统船舶碰撞风险计算方法在繁忙受限水域的应用局限性问题,运用突变理论提出了1种考虑时空紧迫度的船舶碰撞风险计算方法。根据2船实际船舶领域叠加区域数值和2船同方位发生碰撞时的船舶领域叠加区域数值,建立船舶碰撞空间紧迫度计算模型;基于2船相对位置和相对速度的矢量关系,建立船舶碰撞时间紧迫度计算模型。在此基础上,运用突变理论建立了考虑时空紧迫度的船舶碰撞风险计算模型。通过模拟仿真实验,将该模型与最小会遇距离(DCPA)和最小会遇时间(TCPA)及基于时空距离的碰撞风险评估模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明:提出的船舶动态风险计算模型在复杂受限水域中能反映船舶碰撞风险变化量,且碰撞风险变化幅度较小,克服了DCPA、TCPA以及基于时空距离的碰撞风险评估模型在复杂受限水域中非线性描述风险变化的不足,可为船舶避碰决策提供参考。 相似文献
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为防范高等级公路营运期间路基边坡滑坡风险,本文立足于风险评估理论模型,依托某高速公路路基失稳事件实例,结合现场勘察检测数据和数学仿真计算,得出路基边坡滑坡发生率为21%、安全系数为1.04;在风险评估的基础上,分别从滑体上中下部三个角度提出了对应的三类路基边坡滑坡治理方案;综合对比治理后滑坡发生发生率和经济效益等因素,优选出最佳的坡面锚索框架梁支护结合预应力锚索抗滑桩支挡综合治理方案;最后对治理后的路基边坡效果进行评价。本文研究结果可为相关公路路基边坡滑坡灾害风险评估及治理提供完善的经验参考。 相似文献
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大型港口集装箱码头运输车辆调度频繁,堆场过道和交换区等区域视距狭窄,容易导致港口集装箱卡车与设施、作业人员和车辆发生擦碰事故。为提高智能集装箱卡车在港口密集区域的轨迹跟踪精度和行车安全感知能力,提出了一种车联网条件下融合车载终端基本安全消息(Basic Safety Messages,BSM)数据和路侧视频数据的集装箱卡车碰撞风险辨识方法。采用YOLOv5s算法提取视频监控范围内的目标车辆和作业人员,根据目标集卡大尺寸特点设计非极大值抑制锚框来提高目标识别准确度。运用透视变换原理将目标像素坐标转换成地理坐标,并应用Deep-SORT算法匹配每帧图像的车辆轨迹信息。应用交互式多模型方法(interactive multi-model,IMM)融合视频轨迹信息和车载单元(on-board units,OBU)定位数据,减小了目标机动过程中的观测误差。基于集卡融合轨迹结果,提出了1种新型的轨迹冲突风险评估模型,能够根据目标集卡与周围目标轨迹的相对运动状态实时感知车辆碰撞危险,该碰撞危险检测结果在实际场景中可通过路侧设备对车载终端和作业人员终端实时播发预警信息。针对集卡跟踪误差的实验结果表明:... 相似文献
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碰撞风险是评价航空器运行安全性、确定航空器运行条件的关键指标。针对低空空域小型无人机数量增多导致空域安全隐患增加的问题,提出了1种基于速度随机分布的碰撞风险评估模型,确定了无人机在空域中的安全运行的条件。根据低空空域小型无人机操纵性灵活的特点,提出了针对低空空域小型无人机不同飞行动作的碰撞模板:为自由飞行的无人机设置符合实际运行的含碰撞层和避险层的双层球体碰撞模板;为沿固定路径飞行的无人机设置以机身尺寸为参考的长方体碰撞模板。考虑无人机飞行方向和速度变化快的特点,将传统无人机速度的线性分布模型改进为随机分布模型,计算无人机的相对运动关系,再利用速度矢量法计算碰撞模板扫过的空间体积。引入无人机动态定位误差、速度误差,在传统人机可靠性的基础上,建立基于速度随机分布的低空空域小型无人机碰撞风险评估模型。选取大疆M300和M600这2种型号的无人机作为验证机型,运用Matlab软件模拟特定空域场景,并分析碰撞风险与小型无人机密度的关系。通过仿真可以发现:空域内碰撞风险与无人机密度呈正相关关系;根据国际民用航空组织空域安全标准,2种验证机型安全运行的最大密度分别为4.2架/km3和5.0架/km3;在满足安全运行条件的前提下,采用新的碰撞风险评估模型,空域容纳2种无人机的数量的密度上限可分别提高106.9%和88.7%。实验结果表明,新的碰撞风险模型更加符合小型无人机运行特征,未来可以用于提升空域内无人机容量、提升空域利用率和无人机运行效率。 相似文献
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Radu Alexandru Ionut Cofaru Corneliu Tolea Bogdan 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):1017-1025
The aim of the paper was to determine the kinematic parameters that influence the occupant injury risk through a mathematical model. The developed model is a 2D model composed of 4 bodies (2 vehicles, thorax and head). The head and thorax are interconnected with a rotation joint and a torsion spring meant to stiffen the relative movement between the bodies. The thorax is connected with the vehicle body by a linear spring meant to simulate the seatbelt stiffness. The model was solved using Lagrange principle and the validation of the model was made through a crash test performed using the same initial conditions and comparing the obtained values of the displacement, velocity and acceleration parameters with the ones obtained with the mathematical model. The head and torso were chosen due to the fact that they are the common parts of the body that get injured, especially the head with the change of 80 % to cause fatal injury in car’s frontal collision. Once the model was validated, the stiffness of the seatbelt was modified in order to determine the behavior of the occupant in case of car frontal collisions. When the seatbelt stiffness was reduced, the occupant displacement and velocity increased, while by increasing the stiffness, these parameters decreased. The values of the developed model presented a high degree of similarity with the results obtained from the crash test with an error of 10 %. This model can be used by engineers to easily asses the occupant injury risk in case of vehicle frontal collisions. 相似文献
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Adithya Arikere Derong Yang Matthijs Klomp Mathias Lidberg 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2018,56(10):1577-1603
Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. 相似文献
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Sang Hyeop Lee Suk Lee Man Ho Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(5):837-844
An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) uses radar, visual information, and laser sensors to calculate variables representing driving conditions, such as time-to-collision (TTC) and time headway (THW), and to determine collision risk using empirically set thresholds. However, the empirically set threshold can generate differences in performance that are detected by the driver. It is appropriate to quickly relay collision risk to drivers whose response speed to dangerous situations is relatively slow and who drive defensively. However, for drivers whose response speed is relatively fast and who drive actively, it may be better not to provide a warning if they are aware of the collision risk in advance, because giving collision warnings too frequently can lower the reliability of the warnings and cause dissatisfaction in the driver, or promote disregard. To solve this problem, this study proposes a collision warning system (CWS) based on an individual driver’s driving behavior. In particular, a driver behavior model was created using an artificial neural network learning algorithm so that the collision risk could be determined according to the driving characteristics of the driver. Finally, the driver behavior model was learned using actual vehicle driving data and the applicability of the proposed CWS was verified through simulation. 相似文献
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现介绍徐州华鑫至西区换热站高温水主管线跨京杭大运河悬索桥设计,该桥主体结构为跨径130 m地锚式悬索桥。通过重点阐述该管架桥的结构设计,总结此类工程的设计要点,可供相似工程设计时参考。 相似文献