实车碰撞车速控制系统的设计

在实车碰撞试验中，车速的准确与否直接影响试验的结果。在采用橡皮绳为动力的碰撞试验中，关键问题是准确控制车速。为了从根本上解决车速控制这一难题，提高控制精度和抗干扰能力，本文对碰撞试验中的各种车速控制方法进行简要介绍，结合清华大学汽车碰撞试验室的实际，对橡皮绳弹射车速控制系统整体方案，控制器的实现和算法进行了分析和讨论，并通过对算法进行计算仿真，选择出符合工程实际的算法。     

基于模型匹配控制的PHEV动态协调控制方法

在分析发动机与电动机的动态响应特性基础上,设计基于模型匹配控制的整车动力系统动态协调控制方法,并在所建立的并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的前向仿真模型上对该方法进行研究,证明该方法能有效控制2个动力源的动力耦合过程,具有较高的转矩控制精度和很好的动态响应特性,并利用所建立的硬件在环仿真试验台对该方法进行试验验证。     

混合动力汽车动力总成试验台研究

基于混合动力汽车有串联、并联和混联等多种结构形式的特点,提出以模块化设计思想来搭建混合动力汽车动力总成试验台的方法,从而达到了在比较短的时间内、以尽量小的改动适应不同混合动力汽车动力总成结构形式组合需要的目标。根据研究需要,首先完成了混合动力汽车动力总成试验台并联形式的建设,并利用该试验台对所研制的混合动力城市客车多能源动力总成控制器进行了初步调试,验证了该控制器的软硬件设计和并联电动助力型控制策略。同时,所完成的发动机台架试验和电机台架试验也充分证明了试验台模块化设计思想的可行性和有效性。     

基于EEVC要求的行人碰撞试验台的研制和评估

基于EEVC/WG17制定的行人碰撞保护试验标准,开展了行人模块碰撞试验台的研制工作。文中介绍了该试验台的工作原理和各个功能模块的设计,并利用该试验台进行了行人头部模块和下肢模块碰撞试验,从能量、控制精度和试验可重复性等方面对其试验能力进行了初步评估。试验结果表明,该试验台满足EEVC制定的相关试验要求,可用于行人碰撞保护的研究和设计开发。     

汽车吸能部件的仿真研究

在汽车的正面碰撞过程中，保险杆、前纵梁等部件对汽车的碰撞特性具有重要意义。通过建立保险杆有限元模型，利用ANSYS／LS—DYNA软件对保险杆系统进行碰撞仿真，并从保险杆动力响应特性及吸能特性两方面分析保险杆的碰撞特性。结果表明，增加厚度的保险杆系统的碰撞特性得到改善。     

The Development of Dynamic Test Bench for EV Hybrid Brake System

研发了一种装备液压制动与电机制动执行机构、并能实时模拟路面制动力动态变化的动态试验台.该试验台基于硬件在环试验原理,引入了液压制动器子系统、电机子系统和转速与压力传感器等实际部件,并综合考虑了制动过程中车轮、液压制动系统和电机制动系统相互作用的动态响应特性,同时基于MABLAB/Simulink环境开发的试验台控制系统能满足各种控制策略的验证需求.最后进行了试验台关键参数的测定和电动汽车电液复合制动的滑移率协调控制试验,验证了试验台的有效性和优势.     

模拟汽车侧面碰撞的人体骨盆损伤的试验研究

本文介绍了利用模拟汽车侧面碰撞的试验台研究人体骨盆损伤的试验方法，并在试验基础上，分析了在乘员与侧壁之间安放不同特性的吸能材料对人体骨盆生物力学特性和损伤程度的影响。     

驾驶员操作偏差对经济性测试转鼓试验的影响研究

为研究驾驶员操作偏差对汽车经济性测试结果的影响,以并联式混合动力汽车为例,在ADVISOR软件平台上并基于NEDC测试工况,进行驾驶员操作偏差对经济性测试转鼓试验结果影响的仿真研究,分析了驾驶员操作恒定偏差、周期偏差和随机偏差等对混合动力汽车经济性的影响规律,为转鼓试验台精确测试混合动力汽车的经济性以及制定相关法规提供了依据。     

可控硅调速汽车拖拉机电器试验台

一、简介汽车拖拉机电器试验台,是用于试验和检验汽车拖拉机主要电器设备(如发电机及调节器、起动机、点火系等)的技术性能和状况的一种试验设备。由于这些电器设备在汽车拖拉机上是随发动机以变化的转速工作的,所以在进行试验时,试验台也应采用可调节转速的动力。目前,汽车拖拉机电器试验台常用的调速装置有以下几种:1.异步电机—锥形皮带轮机械式;     

汽车动力总成悬置的碰撞失效模拟研究

汽车动力总成悬置在正面碰撞中对纵梁变形模式有着重要影响。为准确预测悬置的碰撞断裂失效行为,开展了铸铝材料的力学性能试验。基于Crach FEM韧性失效准则,建立带有失效准则的铸铝材料卡片,通过对悬置支架的落锤冲击试验和模拟对标,验证了铸铝材料卡片的准确性和悬置建模方法的可靠性。整车碰撞仿真结果表明,Crach FEM失效模型能准确模拟悬置断裂失效过程,使纵梁变形模式和车身加速度响应更贴合试验结果,提高汽车动力总成碰撞仿真的精度,为碰撞性能开发提供仿真评估手段。     

汽车迟滞非线性动力系统仿真研究

通过轿车副车架橡胶支承的动态特性试验,实现了橡胶支承迟滞非线性特性的数学建模和参数识别。用动态子结构方法将整车模型划分为多个子结构,采用含连接子结构的自由界面模态综合法建立了整车非线性流固耦合模型。用MontoCarlo法模拟路面激励谱和发动机随机激励力谱,利用整车结构-声学耦合系统的运动微分方程,在时域内对路面激励和发动机激励产生的振动和车内噪声特性进行仿真模拟,并通过道路试验和台架试验对计算结果进行了验证。     

并联式混合动力汽车模式切换控制策略研究

并联式混合动力汽车模式切换时离合器会介入传动系统,容易引起较明显的冲击感,是影响整车驾驶舒适性的主要因素。为此,提出了基于离合器双模糊和电机转矩协调的模式切换控制策略。首先建立混合动力汽车模式切换过程的动力学模型,以减小离合器滑磨功为目标,对模式切换时的离合器接合过程进行划分;其次,结合混合动力汽车模式切换的基本要求和驾驶意图,制定离合器双模糊控制策略,分别对滑摩阶段的接合时长和转矩同步阶段的压力变化率进行控制;然后以离合器滑磨功和整车冲击度为优化目标,采用二次型最优控制算法对滑摩阶段的接合压力进行优化,从而获取模式切换过程中离合器的最优接合压力轨迹;在此基础上,通过实时计算离合器传递转矩,根据电机转矩响应快的特点,制定电机转矩协调控制策略;最后,基于某混合动力试验样车,在底盘测功机上分别进行缓加速、中等加速和急加速下的模式切换试验,对所提出的控制策略进行验证。试验结果表明：该策略能较好地反映驾驶人驾驶意图,保证离合器的使用寿命,所产生的整车冲击度均处于合理范围之内,改善了整车模式切换过程中的驾驶舒适性。     

Vehicle dynamic control of a passenger car applying flexible body model

Modern software tools have enhanced modelling, analysis and simulation capabilities pertaining to control of dynamic systems. In this regard, in this paper a full vehicle model with flexible body is exposed by using MSC. ADAMS and MSC. NASTRAN. Indeed, one of the most significant vehicle dynamic controls is directional stability control. In this case, the vehicle dynamic control system (VDC) is used to improving the vehicle lateral and yaw motions in critical manoeuvres. In this paper, for design the VDC system, an optimal control strategy has been used for tracking the intended path with optimal energy. For better performance of VDC system, an anti-lock brake system (ABS) is designed as a lower layer of the control system for maintaining the tyre longitudinal slip in proper value. The performances of the controller on rigid and flexible models are illustrated, and the results show the differences between the control efforts for these models, which are related to the differences of dynamic behaviours of rigid and flexible vehicle dynamic models.     

Adaptive Throttle Control for Speed Tracking

Electronic throttle control is an important part of every advanced vehicle control system. In this paper we design an adaptive control scheme for electronic throttle that achieves good tracking of arbitrary constant speed commands in the presence of unknown disturbances. The design is based on a simplified linear vehicle model which is derived from a validated nonlinear one. The designed control scheme is simulated using the validated full order nonlinear vehicle model and tested on an actual vehicle. The simulation and vehicle test results are included in this paper to show the performance of the controller. Due to the learning capability of the adaptive control scheme, changes in the vehicle dynamics do not affect the performance of the controller in any significant manner.     

Computational model for analyzing the kinematics and compliance characteristics of a commercial vehicle’s front suspension system

This paper develops a computational model that can analyze the kinematics and compliance characteristics of the front suspension of a commercial vehicle. This computational model is called the flexible multi-body dynamic model because it is developed by interfacing the finite element model of the multi-leaf spring with the dynamic model of the front suspension. In this paper, the bump mode and roll mode tests are performed with a suspension parameter measuring device (SPMD). An excitation load for creating the bump mode and roll mode motion is applied on the left and right tires slowly in in-phase and out-of-phase modes. In the test, wheel rate, toe angle change, caster angle change, and camber angle change, which together represent the wheel alignment, are measured along with the longitudinal and lateral wheel center loci which together represent the wheel center trajectory change. The reliability of the developed computational model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the SPMD test results. The developed flexible multi-body computational model will provide useful information on kinematics and compliance characteristics in the earliest stages of the commercial vehicle design process.     

A Reusability Study of Vehicle Lateral Control System

The architecture of the PATH vehicle lateral control system is presented in this paper. The two main modules are an intelligent reference/sensing system, and an Frequency-Shaped-Linear-Quadratic/preview control algorithm. The whole lateral control system was formerly evaluated on a two-door test vehicle. It was transplanted to a four-door vehicle which is considerably different from the older two-door test vehicle in dynamic characteristics. The objective of this study is to investigate the reusability of our control system.     

Nonlinear Design Approach to Four-Wheel-Steering Systems Using Neural Networks

Four-wheel-steering (4WS) systems have been studied and developed with remarkable success from the viewpoint of vehicle dynamics. Most of the control methods require a linearized bicycle model of the actual vehicle system which is however strongly influenced by tire nonlinearity. This paper proposes a new method to design the 4WS system taking into account the nonlinear characteristics of tires and suspensions. For this purpose integration of artificial neural network and linear control theory is introduced for the identification and control of a nonlinear vehicle model structured using a software for multi-body dynamic analysis (ADAMS). This model takes into account the nonlinear characteristics of actual vehicles with tires modeled by “magic formula“. The results of computer simulations show that the proposed nonlinear approach is efficient in improving the handling and stability of vehicles.     

Adaptive Throttle Control for Speed Tracking

SUMMARY

Electronic throttle control is an important part of every advanced vehicle control system. In this paper we design an adaptive control scheme for electronic throttle that achieves good tracking of arbitrary constant speed commands in the presence of unknown disturbances. The design is based on a simplified linear vehicle model which is derived from a validated nonlinear one. The designed control scheme is simulated using the validated full order nonlinear vehicle model and tested on an actual vehicle. The simulation and vehicle test results are included in this paper to show the performance of the controller. Due to the learning capability of the adaptive control scheme, changes in the vehicle dynamics do not affect the performance of the controller in any significant manner.     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.