轨道交通全封闭式声屏障列车风压载荷特性分析

基于雷诺平均湍流模型与滑移网格方法,数值模拟了轨道交通车辆通过全封闭式声屏障时声屏障表面风压载荷特性,根据特征波叠加理论计算了声屏障表面脉动风压时程,分析了脉动风压幅值在声屏障内的空间分布特性。结果表明：声屏障同一截面不同测点位置的风压载荷时间变化规律相似,但压力幅值随着测点高度增加而逐渐减小;列车单列通过时,远离运行线路侧声屏障的压力幅值远小于邻近运行线路侧;列车运行速度由80 km/h提高至140 km/h,脉动风压空间分布特性相似,但压力幅值增加约22%;列车会车通过时,声屏障入口与出口端压力波的叠加效应使得声屏障表面压力幅值增大,其中位于远离运行线路侧声屏障压力幅值增加,与邻近运行线路侧声屏障压力幅值接近。     

CFD仿真模拟技术在武汉地铁蔡甸线全封闭声屏障主体结构设计中的应用

随着全封闭声屏障在城市轨道交通项目中应用的越来越广泛,如何合理设计出全封闭声屏障的主体结构型式是非常重要的。风洞试验是近年用于测定声屏障主体结构抗活塞风效果的主流试验,而CFD仿真模拟技术却是风洞试验的理论依据。     

高铁桥梁全封闭声屏障降噪性能试验与数值研究

为探明铁路桥上全封闭声屏障的降噪性,选取铁路桥上不同车速的混凝土全封闭声屏障、金属全封闭声屏障和单侧直立式声屏障测试断面,开展声屏障内外声场的噪声测试,建立全封闭声屏障统计能量分析模型,结合实测结果验证数值模型的适用性,最后对比分析声屏障不同结构形式、隔声板材料和传声损失、车速对声屏障降噪量的影响,探讨声屏障数值模型中的传声损失、模态密度参数对外声场的影响。研究结果表明：在测试车速下,声屏障内部噪声显示出轮轨噪声频谱特性,空间分布符合线声源的衰减特性;采用所建立的全封闭声屏障统计能量分析模型来预测声屏障外部噪声的A声级与实测结果具有良好的一致性;与直立式声屏障相比,全封闭声屏障的插入损失高9 dB（A）以上,并随列车速度的增大而增大,全封闭声屏障对高频噪声成分的降噪效果更优;提高声屏障隔声板的传声损失导致外声场噪声的衰减量,略大于同幅度降低传声损失导致的噪声增加量;声屏障统计能量分析模型中隔声板的模态密度对声屏障降噪性能的影响比内声腔的模态密度敏感。     

铁路全封闭声屏障钢结构施工技术研究

国内早期的铁路声屏障多为直立式,当沿线为高层建筑密集区域时,传统的直立式声屏障降噪效果难以达到要求。目前国内建设的城际铁路增多,为满足环保要求,安装全封闭声屏障的趋势逐渐上升。津兴铁路穿越城区处,两侧居住区繁多密集,需要安装全封闭声屏障来有效地减轻噪声。钢结构骨架是全封闭声屏障的主要受力构件,其加工和安装质量影响着声屏障的稳定性。根据津兴铁路固永特大桥工程实例,对铁路全封闭声屏障的钢结构施工技术进行研究。     

全封闭声屏障对城市桥梁建设影响探讨

随着市政工程环保要求的不断提高,全封闭声屏障在城市桥梁中的应用逐渐增多。相比常规声屏障,全封闭声屏障在造价、工艺、结构受力、交通安全、照明通风等方面属性更为综合,相应对桥梁土建主体的界面需求和影响更为突出,而对该部分专业交叉内容,相关规范和研究关注较少。全封闭声屏障的科学建设是城市桥梁高品质运营的重要前提。结合城市桥梁建设实际,从建设流程、成本、桥梁结构受力、桥梁功能匹配、预埋施工等方面,具体分析全封闭声屏障对城市桥梁建设的影响,为类似工程建设提供参考。     

高速铁路声屏障气动特性仿真分析

基于三维粘性非稳态可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法对高速列车通过时声屏障上气体压力和气动作用力进行计算。分析了两种高度、三种形式声屏障和四种列车运行速度条件下,单车通过与会车过程中的声屏障气动特性。结果表明:列车通过时,直立板型声屏障所受单位长度气动力最小,倒L型声屏障最大,内倾45°型居中;不同类型声屏障单位长度上气动力与列车运行速度均成2次方函数关系。会车过程中作用在声屏障上气动作用力大于单车通过时相应的气动作用力。     

高速铁路声屏障在列车风致脉动力与自然风荷载下的数值模拟

基于三维、定常、不可压缩、粘性流体的RANS方程和κ-ε两方程模型,运用计算流体力学软件Fluent,对在列车风致脉动力与自然风荷载联合作用下的高速铁路声屏障进行数值模拟,分析在不同的风向角及风速下,自然风荷载对声屏障所受列车风致脉动力的影响。结果表明:自然风荷载对声屏障所受的脉动峰压影响较大,在对声屏障进行结构静力学设计时必须考虑自然风荷载的影响。     

车辆扰动下高架道路声屏障风荷载的数值模拟

对车辆扰动下高架道路声屏障屏体表面风荷载进行了数值模拟分析,获得了车辆经过时作用于屏体表面的典型的风压荷载时程。通过参数分析给出了屏体不同位置风压荷载的差异及原因。通过对屏体表面极值风压荷载的深入分析得出：现行采用声屏障所在地区50年一遇基本风压作为其设计控制荷载是不合理和不安全的。     

挂篮施工上跨城际铁路防护棚架设计

针对高速列车行驶的上空挂篮施工存在的安全隐患难题,采用了防护棚架的设计方案,成功地分离了列车与上跨施工的界面,形成了一个全封闭的施工空间.设计中重点考虑了高速列车通过瞬间产生的气动压力和气动吸力对棚架产生的影响,对各种工况条件下各结构受力状态进行了稳定性验算.     

高速公路噪声预测评价与声屏障设计

从某高速公路扩建项目声屏障设计实际遇到的问题出发，多个专业联合研究，结果发现2个问题。一是由于汽车降噪技术的进步，公路交通噪声源强预测模型因此产生了偏差；二是声屏障设计标准因专业隔离产生了偏差。本研究以噪声为中心，跨越了多个专业，包括汽车、公路、环保、噪声、建筑、法律等，对一些问题的解决提出了具体建议，以补救的方式修正偏差。对于交通噪声在声屏障反射的不利影响下，提出了在全封闭声屏障设置时，宜进行多方面的技术经济论证，综合决策，目标是合理设计声屏障，达到技术经济的平衡。本文的研究是不完善的、过渡性的、实用性的，需要进一步地研究。     

钢桁梁桥上列车双车交会气动特性风洞试验

为探究横风作用下钢桁梁桥上列车双车交会过程中气动力系数的突变机理,以某一大跨度公铁两用钢桁梁桥为背景,首先根据XNJD-3风洞实验室的尺寸设计了一套移动车辆模型试验系统;然后根据风洞阻塞比的要求设计了几何缩尺比为1∶30的桥梁和车辆试验模型;最后测试了横风作用下桥上列车交会过程中移动车辆模型的气动力。为尽可能地降低试验系统对运动车辆气动力的干扰,对原始时程数据进行了低通滤波处理,并分析了车速、风速、合成风向角、车辆所在轨道位置等因素对车辆气动力系数的影响。试验结果表明：双车交会时,背风侧运动车辆的气动力系数具有明显的突变趋势,迎风侧运动车辆的气动力系数变化较为平稳;列车交会时突变区域主要受运动车辆引起的列车风速的影响,且随车速的增加而增大,横风风速对突变区域影响较小;交会过程中背风侧车辆升力系数和侧向力系数的突变量随合成风向角的增大呈增大趋势,力矩系数突变量对合成风向角的变化不敏感;横桥向列车所处轨道位置影响其气动力系数。试验结果可为研究横风作用下高速列车-桥上交会过程的行车安全提供数据支持。     

Pantograph/Catenary Dynamics and Control

The pantograph-catenary system with its dynamic behaviour turned out to be a crucial component for new train systems required to run at higher speeds. With the present systems, operational limitations have to be accepted when running with several pantographs in the train set, when tilting trains are employed, when running on low quality catenary sections or when stricter noise reduction regulations are forcing lower noise emissions also for the pantographs. This paper gives an overview of the methods to describe the catenary and the pantograph system dynamics. Furthermore, aspects concerning the interaction between current collectors and overhead equipment, the acquisition of the model data and the verification are presented. Finally various constructions of passive pantographs and proposals for active control concepts are discussed.     

考虑驾驶策略的高速列车运行图节能优化方法

为了降低高速列车从始发站至终到站运行的牵引能耗, 研究了针对多列车区间运行时分同步分配的列车运行图节能优化方法。基于高速列车在站间采用的“四阶段”操纵策略构建最优驾驶策略集, 以牵引距离和巡航距离为变化因子, 以牵引能耗和区间运行时分为计算目标, 求解出最优驾驶策略集里牵引能耗与区间运行时分的线性关系。在此基础上构建多列车区间运行时分最优分配的节能运行图模型。模型以牵引能耗最低为目标, 考虑了列车总运行时间约束、变量取值范围约束以及安全间隔时分约束。在模型求解方面, 选取拉格朗日松弛算法, 将复杂约束松弛至目标函数当中, 从而把原问题分解为各区间可独立求解的子问题, 利用次梯度优化的方法得出精确解, 实现了多列车区间运行时分同步分配的目标。以宝兰高速铁路为背景进行算例验证, 结果表明: 通过重新分配区间运行时分, 10列车总共节约了595.958 kW·h牵引能耗, 平均节能率达到了1.2%;从运行图的层面分析, 该算例下通过调整区间运行时分的节能方法对其影响幅度较小, 具有较强的现实意义; 所提出的模型及算法的计算时间为10 s, 针对列车开行对数较多的高速铁路, 可有效提高求解效率。      

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train

In order to determine the effect of the coupling region on train aerodynamic performance, and how the coupling region affects aerodynamic performance of the couple multiple units trains when they both run and pass each other in open air, the entrance of two such trains into a tunnel and their passing each other in the tunnel was simulated in Fluent 14.0. The numerical algorithm employed in this study was verified by the data of scaled and full-scale train tests, and the difference lies within an acceptable range. The results demonstrate that the distribution of aerodynamic forces on the train cars is altered by the coupling region; however, the coupling region has marginal effect on the drag and lateral force on the whole train under crosswind, and the lateral force on the train cars is more sensitive to couple multiple units compared to the other two force coefficients. It is also determined that the component of the coupling region increases the fluctuation of aerodynamic coefficients for each train car under crosswind. Affected by the coupling region, a positive pressure pulse was introduced in the alternating pressure produced by trains passing by each other in the open air, and the amplitude of the alternating pressure was decreased by the coupling region. The amplitude of the alternating pressure on the train or on the tunnel was significantly decreased by the coupling region of the train. This phenomenon did not alter the distribution law of pressure on the train and tunnel; moreover, the effect of the coupling region on trains passing by each other in the tunnel is stronger than that on a single train passing through the tunnel.     

基于机器学习的汽车后视镜气动噪声预测方法

针对传统风洞试验、数值模拟等方法计算噪声值费时长、资源消耗大等问题,提出一种基于机器学习的气动噪声预测方法。以后视镜特征参数为数据集输入,对不同特征参数下的后视镜模型进行瞬态流场与声场联合仿真,将计算得到的总声压级值作为数据集输出,分别用不同数量的样本数据训练支持向量回归机,通过建立的预测模型对同一测试集进行预测得到总声压级预测值。结果表明,基于支持向量回归机的预测方法能得到与计算值误差较小的预测结果,在较少样本数据支撑下也具有较高的预测精度,可用于汽车后视镜气动噪声的预测。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.