钢板桩码头施工过程受力分析

运用大型有限元软件建立三维有限元模型,模拟钢板桩码头施工过程中板桩的桩身侧向位移、桩身土压力以及桩身弯矩的变化规律,从而了解施工过程中钢板桩的受力情况。研究结果表明：随着抛填施工的进行,板桩墙的侧向位移逐渐增大,呈两头小、中间大的侧移趋势;板桩墙侧土压力沿深度方向均呈缓慢的增大趋势,最大土压力为激活板桩墙及后侧回填土工序墙底部的152.1 kPa;板桩墙由于上端受拉杆约束、下端受土体嵌固作用,弯矩大体呈“S”。     

船闸深基坑开挖对桥桩边坡应力的影响

为研究某船闸基坑开挖对桥梁桩基边坡应力的影响,进行了土工离心模型试验,分析得到了基坑开挖越深桩两侧土压力的差值越大、桩顶水平位移也随之增大的结果。采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟分析,计算结果表明:基坑开挖过程桥桩朝基坑方向产生水平位移,右侧桩身受拉越来越明显,桩身应力及弯矩数值也越来越大,最大拉应力值达到了3. 61 MPa,大于桩体混凝土抗拉强度标准值。采取了开挖桩体右侧的上部土体反压在坡脚并结合排桩支护的加固措施,取得了良好的加固效果。     

航道开挖对护岸结构影响的离心模型试验研究*

为了研究航道开挖对新老护岸结构的影响,依托东宗线航道四改三工程,利用大型土工离心模型试验平台研究航道开挖对老挡墙护岸结构、新施工钢板桩的受力和变形特征的影响,得出航道开挖过程中板桩两侧土压力的分布规律。结果表明,随开挖深度增加,靠岸侧（主动侧）土压力逐渐减小;受板桩位移、变形及离心模型试验重液影响,临水侧（被动侧）土压力部分减小,底部土压力增大。开挖卸载导致老挡墙呈现向水侧移动且向后翻转的趋势。设计工况的极限开挖深度约为3.6 m,此时钢板桩顶部帽梁的水平位移达到0.069 m;对于6、8和10 m 3种长度的板桩,其极限开挖深度约为0.5～0.6倍桩长,且随着桩长增加极限开挖深度逐渐降低。研究得出不同板桩长度下开挖深度的阈值,可为工程建设提供技术参数。     

双层土水平受荷超长桩承载性状数值模拟

利用有限元软件ANSYS对双层土中超长桩水平承载性能进行模拟,得到桩土相互作用下土抗力及超长桩桩身弯矩及侧移。分析桩侧竖向摩阻力、环向摩阻力和法向土抗力沿桩身的分布和对承载力的贡献以及超长桩水平承载性状随荷载、土层相对模量比、桩长径比的变化规律。结果表明:桩侧竖向摩阻力、环向摩阻力、法向土反力沿桩环向呈不同的曲线分布规律,沿深度呈递减趋势,桩顶最大;在不同分层情况下桩身弯矩和侧移量随着土层弹性模量比的增大而减小;水平受荷超长桩存在有效长度和最优长径比;沿桩身存在反弯点和位移零点。     

桩基重力式支护结构的不同计算模型

桩基重力式支护结构由重力式胸墙和双排桩组成,是一种半刚性半柔性支护结构。对该结构的设计,相关单位根据规范采用平面钢架弹性支点法计算下部双排桩,同时将上部胸墙简化为悬臂梁进行计算,但由于胸墙为刚性体,受力特征及对双排桩的约束与悬臂梁不同。为了系统研究该结构在不同计算模型中的变形及内力分布特征,对比规范设计和实体模型的计算结果。结果表明:参照相关规范设计时,上部胸墙产生线性位移,后排桩的弯矩及剪力都大于前排桩;而在实体计算模型中,上部胸墙发生平动位移模式,由于基坑开挖受到主要的土压力差作用,前排桩产生的弯矩和剪力都大于后排桩。     

深水超长钢板桩围堰受力特性分析

以芒稻河特大桥主墩深水超长钢板桩围堰为例,考虑钢板桩与地基土、内撑、回填物的相互作用,利用ABAQUS软件建立平面有限元接触模型,通过单元"生死"和位移追踪技术,进行施工全过程仿真模拟,分析围堰受力变形特性。研究表明:基坑开挖完成后,桩后土压力呈R形分布,入土段下部弹性嵌固作用明显。封底砼顶部在抽水后、冠梁在拆撑过程中有显著的支承作用。钢板桩弯矩在第二道内撑拆除后最大,底撑在抽水后反力最大,其他各道内撑分别在下一道内撑拆除后反力最大。各道围檩最大挠度接近,内撑竖向布置和构件设计合理。     

参数法计算桩的内力与位移

分析了桩在桩端弯矩和水平力共同作用下桩土共同工作时,用幂级数法求解参数法的微分方程,推导出了桩的内力与位移的具体计算式,从而求得桩身各截面的水平位移、转角、弯矩、剪力,以及桩侧土抗力。     

新夏港双线船闸双排对拉板桩结构受力特性

为研究新夏港双线船闸闸室中隔墙双排对拉板桩结构的受力特性,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行双闸室完整建模分析。采用修正剑桥模型模拟两侧闸室土体的同步开挖,对比分析施工期对拉板桩与单锚板桩的结构特性差异。运行期对双排板桩施加水压力,研究中隔墙整体变形特征、桩间土承载变形特性。结果表明:施工完建期,对拉板桩位移远小于单锚板桩,但两者变形相似,弯矩和土压力分布规律一致,且差值极小。运行期,宽矮的中隔墙在向低水侧闸室的侧向位移中,以剪切变形为主。板桩土压力增量与各自承受的净水压分布有关,还受上部连杆传力和低水侧横撑反力的影响。桩间土在传递、扩散侧向压力时,产生侧向压缩,并可分担中隔墙的大部分剪力。中隔墙弯矩主要由两道板桩分担。现有的双排板桩结构简化计算方法,尚无法反映桩间土抗剪的作用,值得进一步研究。     

衡重式板桩结构在码头中的应用

分别建立无锚式、单锚式和衡重式板桩码头有限元概化模型,并以某10万吨级板桩码头为原型,进行数值分析。结果表明：衡重式板桩的最大水平位移值分别为无锚式板桩的1/13和单锚式板桩的1/2;无锚式板桩入土段土压力分布突变明显,单锚式板桩入土面以上墙后土压力分布突变明显,衡重式板桩墙后和墙前土压力分布均较平顺;无锚式和单锚式板桩弯矩、剪力分布均出现多次反转,尤以无锚式板桩最明显,衡重式板桩除在衡重台位置出现弯矩突变外,其他位置弯矩、剪力分布均较平顺;工程案例分析中衡重式板桩桩身水平位移和弯矩属于正常范围,同时衡重式结构不需设置锚碇系统、后排灌注桩等组合结构,具有场地适应性强、施工简单和建设成本低等诸多优势,在板桩码头中具有较强的应用价值。     

桩靴贯入对群桩效应影响的模型试验分析

为评价桩靴贯入饱和软黏土对邻近水平受荷群桩群桩效应的影响，开展了1g条件下的模型试验。基于桩身应变测量结果得到桩身弯矩，对弯矩拟合后依据弯矩与剪力的微分关系得出近远桩桩头承担的剪力，进而依据修正Poulos方法得出在桩靴贯入过程中描述群桩相互作用的Y乘子的变化，并将考虑群桩效应后的群桩桩身弯矩与试验结果进行对比。研究表明在桩靴贯入过程中，群桩近远桩桩头承担剪力发生变化：远桩桩头承担荷载增大、近桩桩头承担荷载减小。桩靴贯入使Y乘子减小，考虑群桩效应后，弯矩预测结果与测量结果较为接近。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。