双向密加筋板强度公式的推导及其修正

将双向密加筋板简化成正交异性板模型,通过对平衡方程的无因次变换,利用各向同性板的弯曲要素,求得正交异性板在均布载荷下的最大应力值。具体分析5种加筋板结构形式、2种加强筋类型和2种加强筋的尺寸。计算结果表明,文中提供的公式可以准确地对双向密加筋板的强度进行预报。     

含点蚀损伤船体加筋板在纵向压力下的极限强度

针对老龄化船舶结构上的点状腐蚀,利用非线性有限元方法进行计算,分析304个船体加筋板的极限强度,探讨带板柔度、加强筋柔度、腐蚀面积比和腐蚀深度比对纵向压力下含点蚀损伤船体加筋板极限强度的影响,拟合出点状腐蚀下船体加筋板极限强度折减公式并对其适用性进行验证,研究结果具有一定的工程参考意义和价值。     

基于BP神经网络的加筋板动力极限强度预测方法

船舶在航行过程中常受到动力载荷的作用,因此有必要对船体结构的动力极限强度预测方法进行研究。本文首先通过与现有试验结果对比,验证了本文有限元计算方法的正确性。随后通过数值计算,得到828组几何与材料参数不同的船体加筋板模型在不同加载速度下的动力极限强度。而后,以板柔度系数、加筋梁柱柔度系数、材料屈服强度为主要输入参数,构建3层BP神经网络,预测加筋板动力极限强度。所得神经网络均方差及相关系数分别达到0.000 47与0.99。将训练的神经网络应用于实船加筋板,与有限元计算结果对比,最大误差仅6.4%,证明该BP神经网络能较好预测实船结构动力极限强度。     

极地低温和凹陷损伤下加筋板极限强度的参数敏感性分析

为了快速评估含船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限强度，本文采用非线性有限元法对低温凹陷损伤加筋板的极限强度进行研究。根据EH36钢在低温下的材料力学性能试验，通过折减因子评估法，基于完整加筋板在轴向压缩下极限强度的经验公式，提出以加筋板柔度和加筋板壳板柔度为变化参数，采用最小二乘法拟合折减系数，得到低温含凹陷损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的经验公式。结果表明，相比于凹陷长度和凹陷深度，凹陷宽度对加筋板极限强度的影响较大；对比分析凹陷损伤加筋板极限强度的经验公式和有限元法的计算结果，误差较小，验证了船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板的极限强度快速评估方法的准确性。     

考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷的加筋板极限强度分析

加筋板是船体结构的重要组成部分。采用一阶屈曲分析得到的加筋板失稳模态以局部变形为主,按一阶屈曲模态引入的初始缺陷不能很好反映船体甲板结构的整体缺陷,为了进一步推广高等分析法在船舶与海洋结构物中的应用,本文提出一种能反映船体整层甲板、舱段乃至全船结构整体缺陷分布的失稳模态型初始缺陷引入方式。采用有限元软件Ansys,对加筋板不同初始缺陷形态下的极限强度进行分析并与试验结果对比,验证了引入失稳模态型初始缺陷在加筋板极限强度计算中的可行性与有效性。有限元计算结果表明,与采用一阶屈曲型初始缺陷相比,采用失稳模态型初始缺陷得到的加筋板极限强度更低,更能保证结构的安全性。考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷,对31个单一参数变量加筋板进行极限强度分析。计算结果表明,在合理范围内增高加强筋是提高加筋板极限强度的最有效手段。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

点蚀损伤下纵向受压船体加筋板极限强度计算

基于实船点蚀损伤勘验数据,通过有限元数值计算法分析了点蚀分布、深度和面积等点蚀特征参数对船体加筋板极限强度的影响规律,给出了以点蚀深度和点蚀面积双参数的点蚀加筋板极限强度公式。结果表明:在点蚀不穿孔且点蚀面积低于10%条件下,当点蚀面积和点蚀深度一定时,蚀点分布造成的船体加筋板极限强度最大波动值低于2%;点蚀面积和点蚀深度对加筋板极限强度的影响是交互非独立的;基于点蚀面积、深度给出的双参数加筋板极限强度计算公式计算精度较高,满足工程需要。     

几种截面形式铝合金加筋板极限强度数值研究

为了满足日益强烈的船舶轻量化设计需求,对某钢制船舶上层甲板的加筋板进行替代设计。考虑刚度、质量、加强筋形状等,设计6种不同截面形式铝合金加筋板。基于非线性有限元方法,对以上加筋板进行极限强度计算和比较。根据计算结果,得出可用于替代原有钢制加筋板的设计方案。     

极地小型邮轮加筋板结构冗余度试验研究

以极地小型邮轮加筋板结构为研究对象,设计并制作典型加筋板缩比模型,开展完整结构和损伤结构的轴向压缩极限强度试验研究,揭示完整结构和损伤结构下,主甲板板架结构的极限承载能力和屈曲失效模式,并基于全船结构强度有限元方法,计算主甲板板架完整结构和损伤结构的应力,进行了主甲板板架结构冗余度评估。研究发现：轴向压缩载荷作用下,单独一根加强筋出现局部损伤会小幅度降低加筋板结构的极限承载能力;加筋板完整结构和损伤结构屈曲破坏模式均为加强筋率先破坏引起整个板架结构屈曲破坏;单独一根加强筋的损伤不会引起极地小型邮轮加筋板结构的连续性垮塌,具有良好的结构冗余。研究结果对极地小型邮轮结构设计和冗余度研究具有一定参考价值。     

A general scaled model design method of stiffened plate subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure considering the ultimate strength and collapse modes

A general and efficient scaled method for stiffened plates subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure is proposed based on slenderness, simply by adjusting the number of stiffeners. The design method makes it easier to determine the dimensions of the scaled model for a given scale ratio compared with the previously proposed method. The emphasis is on the influence of the plate slenderness, the column slenderness, and the non-dimensional parameter of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength. By maintaining the consistency of the plate slenderness and column slenderness, the proposed method is applicable for designing scaled models with materials of different yield stresses and Young's moduli. A similar effect of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength of the prototype and scaled models is achieved by maintaining the non-dimensional parameter. In addition, the applicability of the scaled method to the initial deflection is considered, which provides a reference for similar models. The similitude of the scaled method is verified for several typical buckling modes, including the beam–column, tripping, web and overall collapse modes. Given the numerical results, the proposed general and fast scaled method can provide reasonable dimensions of scaled stiffened plates subjected to combined loads.     

密加筋板结构的稳定性分析

根据密加筋板结构的特点,基于中间有弹性支座连续压杆的稳定性理论分析方法,推导出单向受压密加筋板结构整体失稳时临界载荷的实用计算公式,并与有限元的数值解进行了比较。结果表明,公式形式简单、运用方便、结果准确、便于在工程中实际应用。     

屈强比对裂纹板极限强度的影响

工程上很重要的具有小裂纹板的极限强度却没有得到研究者的重视。文章首先对不同屈强比具有中心穿透裂纹的板进行了系列弹塑性有限元计算,结果表明板的极限强度随裂纹长度的衰减趋势可以分为两个阶段,而这两个阶段的范围并不是固定的,它们与板材的屈强比有着密切的联系。然后详细讨论了双向加载对裂纹板极限强度的影响,并对这些现象进行了合理解释。最后对这些计算结果进行了回归得到经验计算公式并将公式计算结果与实验结果及有限元结果进行比较,表明文中提出的公式具有较好的精度。     

Experimental and numerical study of localized pitting effect on compressive behavior of tubular members

Locally pitted tubular members are usually considered as stub columns to assess the ultimate strength. However, it is not suitable for those with relatively larger slenderness ratios as their failure behavior is more complex and closely related to corrosion features of localized pitting. This paper presents compressive column tests on locally pitted tubular members of a moderate slenderness ratio. Corrosion pits were artificially introduced on local surface of the members, forming corrosion patches with various corrosion features. A numerical modelling method was proposed to reproduce the test specimens. Localized pitting damage was proven to cause substantial declines in the load deformation capacity and ultimate strength, and have a significant effect on the failure mode. The failure of a pitted member is mostly initiated by local buckling after yielding occurs in the corrosion patch, concurrent with pitting closure, and even shear cracking of member wall due to the perforated pits. Moreover, shape change of the corrosion patch most likely results in the failure mode to alter from column buckling to local buckling or interactive buckling. The shape ratio of the corrosion patch is one of the critical factor to influence the ultimate strength of locally pitted members. The proposed modelling method is applicable for extensive stochastic simulations so as to develop an empirical formula and to clarify the probabilistic characteristics of ultimate strength.     

Compressive strength of tubular members with localized pitting damage considering variation of corrosion features

Localized pitting corrosion often occurs on marine and offshore structures in the form of patch corrosion with great uncertainties in the location, size and shape. The variation of corrosion features affects ultimate strength of tubular members significantly, but it is still not well understood. This paper presents a numerical study on tubular members of diverse slenderness ratios to clarify the localized pitting effect on ultimate strength. Numerical analyses were performed based on novel models of pitted members that were calibrated against benchmark column tests. Corrosion pits were randomly introduced on the local outside surfaces of members via stochastic simulation, forming corrosion patches varied in the location, size and shape. Numerical results obtained were regressed to propose a unified empirical formula to predict ultimate strength. It turned out that the shape of the corrosion patch has a significant influence on the ultimate strength. The shape change of the patch can alter failure modes of medium length columns. The reduction of ultimate strength is closely related to the shape ratio of the patch besides the volume loss of corroded material. The unified empirical formula incorporating the shape ratio and the volume loss shows a good ability to predict the experimental results.     

点蚀板在纵向压力下的极限强度研究

本文着眼于老龄化船舶结构上的局部点状腐蚀和整体点状腐蚀,利用非线性有限元软件分析了超过100个船体板结构的极限强度。研究了蚀坑形状、蚀坑位置、蚀坑大小、蚀坑深度和板的柔度对含局部点状腐蚀船体板的极限强度的影响,蚀坑分布、板的柔度和腐蚀体积对含点状腐蚀船体板的极限强度的影响。拟合出了单面、双面局部点状腐蚀下的船体板极限强度折减公式,单面、双面点状腐蚀下的船体板极限强度折减公式。并得到同时适用于局部和整体点状腐蚀板极限强度的公式。