数字辐射流动可视化系统设计与实现

介绍了一种利用数字辐射成像技术来实现高压不透明输送管道中高固多相黏稠物料流动成像的^60Co数字辐射流动可视化系统。首先阐述了该数字辐射流动可视化系统的总体构成,包括系统的基本原理和研制概况,进而介绍了该可视化系统的性能指标以及功能特点。该^60Co数字辐射流动可视化系统以扫描方式工作,能直接获得数字图像,可用于高压不透明输送管道中密相固液多相流流动机理的研究,其应用对推动高固多相黏稠物料管道输送及处置技术的发展具有重要意义。     

管道固-液两相流研究的意义、内容和方法

固体物料的管道水力输送技术广泛应用于国民经济众多领域，针对固体物料的多样性，复杂性以及管道固液两相流动的特点，阐述了固液两相流动与单相流动的主要差异，研究内容，研究方法和实验手段，简要介绍了江河湖库疏浚工程中管道固液两相流动的研究。     

管道环焊缝数字射线检测软件设计

X射线平板探测器数字成像是一项现代射线检测技术。由于X射线探测器的图像质量和包含的信息远远超过普通胶片成像,该技术代表了射线检测技术的发展方向。基于平板探测器的管道环焊缝数字射线成像系统的特点,对降低图像质量因素进行仔细研究,对随机噪声、像元响应不一致等降低图像质量因素进行了有效的抑制,完成了管道环焊缝数字射线检测软件的设计和编程,实现了检测图像的动态拼接和管道环焊缝数字射线检测系统的现场应用。     

管道环焊缝数字射线检测技术研究

在管道环焊缝检测技术领域,X射线检测技术和超声检测技术并存可以取长补短。随着数字化X射线成像技术的推广应用,管道环焊缝X射线检测正向数字射线技术方向发展。由于射线探测器的图像质量和包含的信息远远超过普通胶片成像,数字射线技术代表了管道环焊缝检测的发展方向。管道科学研究院通过对面阵探测器成像技术的研究,开发出了管道环焊缝数字射线成像设备,实现了管道环焊缝射线检测的实时显示和电子存储。     

管道环焊缝X射线数字成像动态采集软件设计

目前,国内的管道环焊缝数字射线检测设备仅能实现静态成像,曝光时间过长,成像结果由多张图像组成,增加了判读工作量和图像评定难度。管道环焊缝X射线数字成像动态采集系统解决了这些问题,采集面板在电机的驱动下沿着轨道匀速行驶,采集图像无缝无重叠地连续实时显示,最终形成一幅完整的管道焊缝扫查图。针对数字射线动态数据采集系统的TDI原理、TDI扫查的时钟同步源、CMOS平板探测器中偏置电压的刷新和面板校准等问题进行详细说明,完成了X射线数字成像动态采集软件的设计和编程,并在管径813 mm、壁厚12.5 mm的管道环焊缝上进行检测试验,采集图像中缺陷清晰可见。     

管道瞬变流动主动控制策略研究综述

管道瞬变流动控制策略可采用主动控制及被动控制两种方案,综述了包括阀门程控法、最优化方法以及最优控制方法等在内的主动控制策略实现方法及其研究进展。目前,主动控制策略主要应用于简单短管道、简单水力管网等距离较短的系统,它在油气长距离管道输送的运行与控制领域具有广阔应用前景。     

管道固体物料输送最佳流速确定及其应用

分析并提出了管路固体物料输送的一种新的观点，认为在管路输送中应当以输送率而不是输送能耗作为界定管路输送流速的标准，推导出了管道物料输送流速的确定方法，并且在国家重点工程中应用，取得了良好经济效益。     

氨制冷压力管道检验难点及在线检验技术研究

为提高氨制冷压力管道在线检验技术能力,解决低压侧管道运行状态下不能检验的技术难题,通过对实际检验案例数据分析,总结了氨制冷管道的检验难点及重点。DR射线成像技术与普通X射线探伤结果的比对试验结果表明,采用DR射线成像技术可以检测出运行状态下低压侧管道的埋藏缺陷。实际应用证明,DR射线数字成像技术、红外线热成像和脉冲涡流检测技术的组合应用,可以在不停机状态下对氨制冷压力管道进行检验,是可行的氨制冷压力管道在线检验技术。     

X射线数字成像技术在长输管道中的应用

针对目前长输管道X射线胶片成像技术劳动强度大、效率低、成本高的缺点,开展了X射线数字成像技术的研究,通过研究以及现场试验确定了该技术在长输管道中应用的可行性。文中通过对该技术原理、现行标准以及现场工程实践应用的分析,表明X射线数字成像技术在长输管道环焊缝检测中结果直观、效率高、成本低。     

管道结垢因素机理分析及计算

油气管道投产后,管道内存在气、液、固三相输送介质,且介质流动状态复杂。介质中一般含有大量的气体和盐离子,由于管道内温度、压力、流速、p H值等因素不断变化,极易造成油气管道结垢。垢的出现容易导致管道垢下腐蚀、细菌腐蚀等,有必要对管道结垢的原因和机理进行分析。基于分析结果,结合某管道水样的实验测试数据,通过饱和指数法、稳定指数法等数学方法计算,进一步对油气管道结垢趋势进行预测,有助于管道除垢工作的开展。     

A hybrid deep learning based traffic flow prediction method and its understanding

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated the capability to predict traffic flow with big data. While existing DNN models can provide better performance than shallow models, it is still an open issue of making full use of spatial-temporal characteristics of the traffic flow to improve their performance. In addition, our understanding of them on traffic data remains limited. This paper proposes a DNN based traffic flow prediction model (DNN-BTF) to improve the prediction accuracy. The DNN-BTF model makes full use of weekly/daily periodicity and spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic flow. Inspired by recent work in machine learning, an attention based model was introduced that automatically learns to determine the importance of past traffic flow. The convolutional neural network was also used to mine the spatial features and the recurrent neural network to mine the temporal features of traffic flow. We also showed through visualization how DNN-BTF model understands traffic flow data and presents a challenge to conventional thinking about neural networks in the transportation field that neural networks is purely a “black-box” model. Data from open-access database PeMS was used to validate the proposed DNN-BTF model on a long-term horizon prediction task. Experimental results demonstrated that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.     

长输管道环焊缝的射线数字成像检测技术应用

文中分析了长输油气射线数字成像检测的3种技术类型,及其在油气管道环焊缝检测方面的优缺点和发展趋势.开展了在役输油管道动火作业中射线数字成像检测技术(DR)的现场应用试验,初步验证了在役管道环焊缝DR检测的技术可行性和对缺陷检测的较高灵敏度.结合中俄东线输气管道建设,进行了传统射线胶片照相检测技术(RT)和DR检测技术工...     

A reliable location model for heterogeneous systems under partial capacity losses

Due to the interdependency between multiple infrastructure systems, the performance of a facility may depend on the resources or supplies received from other facilities. However, cross-system interdependence has seldom been studied in the location design context, probably due to the lack of a concise model describing interdependence across heterogeneous systems. This paper proposes a new heterogeneous flow scheme to describe cross-system interdependence. This scheme has two features distinguished from existing models in describing an interdependent facility location problem. First, it is a simple linear model upon which a compact facility location model can be built. Secondly, it relaxes the need to maintain flow conservation between different systems and is suitable in describing heterogeneous systems that take in and output different resources or services. Built on this scheme, this paper proposes a reliable location design model for a nexus of interdependent infrastructure systems. This model aims to locate the optimal facility locations in multiple heterogeneous systems to balance the tradeoff between the facility investment and the expected nexus operation performance. Different from other reliable facility location models, this expected performance captures interdependence among heterogeneous systems due to the resource input-output relationships. The consideration of continuous partial capacity losses complements the reliable location literature that mainly focuses on binary disruptions. Two numerical examples are conducted for investigating features and applications of the proposed model. The results indicate that with a standard off-the-shelf integer programming solver, the proposed model is able to solve optimal facility location design for problem instances of realistic scales to the near-optimum solutions with optimality gap assurance. Sensitivity analyses of key parameters indicate that improving facility capacity and reducing interdependency between systems can mitigate impacts of facility capacity losses and reduce the overall system cost.     

A model for the visualization and analysis of elevator traffic

ABSTRACT

Analysis of elevator traffic in high rise buildings is critical to the performance evaluation of elevator group control systems (EGCS). Elevator dispatching methods or parking algorithms in an EGCS can be designed or modified according to analyses of traffic flow. However, interpretation of traffic flow based solely on numerical data may not be explicit and transparent for EGCS experts as well as for other non-expert building administration. In this study, we present a model for visualization and analysis of elevator traffic. First, we present an alternative approach for traffic analysis which we call route visualization. In the proposed approach, we initially decompose elevator traffic into its component parts and investigate each component independently. Then, using superposition of components we obtain a reconstructed model of overall traffic. This modeling approach provides component-based traffic analysis and representation of routes with intensities through data visualization. In the second part we introduce a multi-dimensional analysis of time parameters in ECGS. This approach provides a comparative analysis of several control algorithms such as dispatch or park algorithms for different combinations of traffic components.     

Exploring traffic flow databases using space-time plots and data cubes

Local departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations have been collecting traffic data for many decades. However, these data are rarely exploited to their full potential. In this paper, we describe an exploratory visualization toolkit for large traffic flow databases. The visualization toolkit is based on the concept of the traffic cube: an extension of the data cube in data mining. The traffic cube organizes traffic flow data across different spatial and temporal dimensions and with respect to user-specified aggregation levels. The toolkit allows the user to perform data cube operations to select, summarize and cross-tabulate the traffic data prior to visualization as two-dimensional space-time plots. We demonstrate a prototype system using MATLAB, ArcGIS and MS Access database software. Example visualizations of a large database of hourly traffic flows along major highways in the state of Utah (USA) over a 10-year period illustrate the potential for the toolkit to reveal patterns about traffic flows and trends hidden in the database.     

海洋平台输液管道激振流体特性研究

研究了海洋平台输液管道激振流体的行为特性。依据振荡流体力学及傅里叶变换基本原理，建立了输液管道非定常、不可压缩、黏性振动流的数学模型，将流动分解为稳定流和振荡流2部分，推导出关于流场速度、压力系数的微分方程组，求解了不同条件下的流速和压力。结果表明：海洋平台输液管道激振流体的行为特性受管道结构形状及流体性质的影响。比较等截面管道的变分解和数值解，说明此方法用于研究海洋平台输液管道的流体激振是有效的。