滑模控制方法在汽车防抱制动系统中的应用研究

ABS性能优劣的关键在于控制方法的选取,提出了一种基于ABS滑移率控制的滑模变结构控制方法。该方法通过选定合适的切换甬数和控制规律,可以迫使系统沿设计的滑移面做滑模运动。从而使防抱制动系统的滑动模态对系统的动理学变化、参数变化、外部干扰具有很强的鲁棒性和自适应性。将这一控制方法应用于单轮车辆模型,在MATLAB／Simulink环境下进行仿真。仿真结果表明,滑模控制方法在ABS的滑移率控制中是切实有效的,能够明显提高汽车ABS的性能。     

基于线性自抗扰控制的汽车ABS滑移率控制研究

针对目前滑移率控制的鲁棒性、复杂性与实际应用之间的矛盾,提出基于线性自抗扰控制的ABS滑移率控制方法。首先,对建立的ABS模型进行动态补偿线性化;接着,设计了以观测带宽为参数的扩张状态观测器和以控制带宽为参数的动态补偿控制器,并通过在线估计和补偿未知扰动,提高了系统的鲁棒性;然后,优化带宽系数,实现滑移率零稳态误差的跟踪;最后,通过仿真,验证ABS滑移率的线性自抗扰控制方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明,该方法不仅不依赖于模型,参数调节简单,且具有容错性,在产生噪声和未知扰动时仍能有效跟踪最佳滑移率;滑移率控制器会受ABS制动系统带宽的影响而出现高频振荡现象,在低附着路面上尤为严重,因此ABS设计须充分考虑执行器带宽对ABS滑移率控制的影响。     

一种基于模型的最佳滑移率计算方法

基于滑移率控制的防抱制动系统(ABS)实现的难点在于确定各种路况下的最佳滑移率。本文基于μ λ曲线的参数模型,应用Kalman滤波理论实时计算了不同路面下的最佳滑移率。根据Kalman滤波新息序列特性,设计了路面跃变监视器,解决了Kalman滤波算法在检测跃变路面时响应滞后的问题。最后通过计算机仿真,验证了基于模型的最佳滑移率估计算法在车辆防抱制动系统中的可行性和有效性。     

逻辑门限值的汽车ABS构建与仿真分析

本文采用基于逻辑门限值的ABS控制方法,研究如何提升汽车在湿滑等复杂路面的制动性能。首先建立了单轮汽车系统动力学模型、轮胎模型、制动系统模型等,将汽车滑移率控制在0.17~0.2范围内,在Simulink中搭建制动系统的ABS控制仿真模型并进行离线仿真;仿真结果表明:采用逻辑门限值ABS控制方法可使制动距离减少12.5%,制动时间缩短6.25%,同时可将滑移率控制在最佳滑移率附近,对于提升汽车的制动性能和行驶安全性能有很大帮助。     

装有简易制动压力调节器的摩托车制动性能分析

在分析了滑移率与附着系数的关系以及通过控制制动压力来达到最佳滑移率控制的基础上，提出了简易制动压力调节器的结构，给出了将其串入一般制动系统后的摩托车制动力计算公式，分析了其具有ABS的一些制动效果。     

电动汽车ABS最优滑移率滑模控制研究

设计了一种基于混合趋近律的ABS最优滑移率滑模控制方法,并使用双曲正切函数代替趋近律中的符号函数。结合电动汽车复合制动系统制动力分配策略,制定基于最优滑移率滑模控制的电动汽车ABS控制策略;然后基于Car Sim与Simulink联合仿真,运用遗传算法优化滑模控制趋近律参数。实例样车制动仿真试验结果表明该控制方法可以有效地将车轮滑移率控制在最优滑移率处,且遗传算法优化能够改善滑动模态到达过程的动态品质。     

ABS最佳滑移率控制算法的增益修正研究

针对汽车ABS最佳滑移率控制中的控制结果最优化问题,提出了在控制算法中添加增益环节以进行修正的新方法:通过在实际滑移率和轮缸压力控制输出环节中引入增益系数,并采用响应面方法拟合增益系数和制动距离之间的定量关系,从而求出增益系数的最佳值,使系统滑移率控制的迟滞现象得到有效缓解.在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了相应的仿真模型,并以富康988EXC1型轿车为例,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

浅谈汽车ABS滑移率的模糊滑模控制

汽车防抱死系统(ABS)是汽车制动过程中的一项重要的安全措施,汽车ABS系统能否正常发挥作用很重要的一点就是滑移率控制。汽车在制动的时候路况状况是每时每刻都在发生变化的,所以汽车的滑移率函数是一个时时变化的、非线性的复杂函数。本文就利用纵向附着系数——滑移率曲线的特性,设计一种可以估计最佳滑移率并且可以自动进行校正的自适应调节器以及可进行滑模参数自适应调解的模糊逻辑调节器。     

基于电控助力制动级联制动防抱死控制策略

电控助力制动器(Ebooster)通过伺服电机控制实现主缸压力调节,可为防抱死制动系统(anti-lock brake system, ABS)提供部分冗余功能。本文中提出了一种用于传统电磁阀式ABS故障时的基于非解耦式Ebooster的3层级联制动防抱死冗余控制架构,包括滑模变结构控制层、压力-伺服控制层和电机控制层。基于dSPACE搭建了Ebooster硬件在环试验平台,进行算法测试与验证。结果表明:在ABS失效时,基于Ebooster的制动防抱死冗余控制策略能有效地实现滑移率控制,提高车辆制动稳定性。     

汽车ABS弯道制动的阶梯控制

提出了汽车ABS弯道制动的阶梯控制模型,在不同附着性能的路面上对该控制模型进行分析验证并与其它滑移率控制方法进行比较,分析表明该控制模型显著改善了汽车ABS弯道制动的制动性能,提高了汽车弯道制动的稳定性和保证了制动效能。     

基于路面附着系数曲线的最佳滑移率计算方法

滑模控制应用于ABS系统中可较好地跟踪任意指定滑移率,但最佳滑移率却随着路面情况而变化。从单轮制动时动力学模型着手,提出了基于附着系数曲线求取最佳滑移率的防抱死制动方法,间接实现了滑模控制器对最佳滑移率的跟踪控制,并通过计算机仿真,验证了此方法的可行性和有效性。     

A Sliding Mode Controller for Wheel Slip Ratio Control System

A sliding mode controller has been developed for a wheel slip ratio control system for commercial vehicles with sluggish braking actuators to replace conventional if-then rule-like ABS control laws. New techniques overcome the tendency of sliding mode controllers to chatter. Computer simulation (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) and actual vehicle tests verified the effectiveness of this method to suppress chattering and keep the wheel slip ratio in a desirable range during braking on low-friction road surfaces.     

Development of a new traction control system for vehicles with automatic transmissions

A traction control system (TCS) is used to improve the acceleration performance on slippery roads by preventing excessive wheel slip. In this paper, a new traction control system using the integrated control of gear shifting and throttle actuation is developed for vehicles with automatic transmissions. In the design of the slip controller, by means of a differential manifold transformation, a slip control system with nonlinearities and uncertainties is transformed into a linear system, and a sliding mode controller is applied for the purpose of increasing the robustness of the system. Next, to achieve the required driving torque, the optimal throttle and gear position, maps are constructed based on dynamic programming. The simulation results indicate that the present traction control system can improve the acceleration performance of an automatic transmission vehicle for various types of road conditions.     

电动汽车再生制动的滑移率控制

以不改变电动汽车原有机械制动系统结构和控制方式为前提,提出一种并联式混合制动滑移率控制方法.该方法明确划分了再生制动控制和原有机械制动控制的作用工况.将再生制动控制转化为滑移率规划和控制两个问题,并设计了滑模控制器.分析和仿真结果显示,在不同强度、不同方式及存在参数不确定性下制动,该方法都可以实现再生制动和机械制动的准确控制及平顺过渡.     

Sliding mode observation and control for semiactive vehicle suspensions

This paper investigates the application of robust, nonlinear observation and control strategies, namely sliding mode observation and control (SMOC), to semiactive vehicle suspensions using a model reference approach. The vehicle suspension models include realistic nonlinearities in the spring and magnetorheological (MR) damper elements, and the nonlinear reference models incorporate skyhook damping. Since full state measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only suspension deflection as a measured input is developed. The performance and robustness of sliding mode control (SMC), SMO, and SMOC are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations and compared to popular alternatives. The results of these simulations reveal the benefits of sliding mode observation and control for improved ride quality, and should be directly transferable to commercial semiactive vehicle suspension implementations.     

Sliding mode observation and control for semiactive vehicle suspensions

This paper investigates the application of robust, nonlinear observation and control strategies, namely sliding mode observation and control (SMOC), to semiactive vehicle suspensions using a model reference approach. The vehicle suspension models include realistic nonlinearities in the spring and magnetorheological (MR) damper elements, and the nonlinear reference models incorporate skyhook damping. Since full state measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only suspension deflection as a measured input is developed. The performance and robustness of sliding mode control (SMC), SMO, and SMOC are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations and compared to popular alternatives. The results of these simulations reveal the benefits of sliding mode observation and control for improved ride quality, and should be directly transferable to commercial semiactive vehicle suspension implementations.     

An investigation of the effects of pneumatic actuator design on slip control for heavy vehicles

Progress in reducing actuator delays in pneumatic brake systems is opening the door for advanced anti-lock braking algorithms to be used on heavy goods vehicles. However, little has been published on slip controllers for air-braked heavy vehicles, or the effects of slow pneumatic actuation on their design and performance. This paper introduces a sliding mode slip controller for air-braked heavy vehicles. The effects of pneumatic actuator delays and flow rates on stopping performance and air (energy) consumption are presented through vehicle simulations. Finally, the simulations are validated with experiments using a hardware-in-the-loop rig. It is shown that for each wheel, pneumatic valves with delays smaller than 3 ms and orifice diameters around 8 mm provide the best performance.     

车轮防抱死制动滑移模式控制律的理论研究

本文通过建立轮制动时的力学模型，运用现代控制理论中的滑移模式控制方法，对汽车防抱死制动控制律进行了理论分析与研究。     

A novel integrated chassis controller for full drive-by-wire vehicles

In this paper, a systematic design with multiple hierarchical layers is adopted in the integrated chassis controller for full drive-by-wire vehicles. A reference model and the optimal preview acceleration driver model are utilised in the driver control layer to describe and realise the driver's anticipation of the vehicle's handling characteristics, respectively. Both the sliding mode control and terminal sliding mode control techniques are employed in the vehicle motion control (MC) layer to determine the MC efforts such that better tracking performance can be attained. In the tyre force allocation layer, a polygonal simplification method is proposed to deal with the constraints of the tyre adhesive limits efficiently and effectively, whereby the load transfer due to both roll and pitch is also taken into account which directly affects the constraints. By calculating the motor torque and steering angle of each wheel in the executive layer, the total workload of four wheels is minimised during normal driving, whereas the MC efforts are maximised in extreme handling conditions. The proposed controller is validated through simulation to improve vehicle stability and handling performance in both open- and closed-loop manoeuvres.     

转向加速工况下汽车驱动防滑控制系统滑转率算法研究

汽车低速转弯加速时,用后轮轮速作为参考车速计算驱动轮滑转率会造成计算偏差,引起驱动防滑控制系统误干预,为此提出了驱动轮滑转率计算的修正算法.该修正算法不需要增加前轮转角传感器,而是采用两非驱动轮轮速估计车身横摆角速度和汽车前轮转角,进而计算出前轮参考轮速,并将前轮参考轮速代替车速对转弯工况的驱动轮滑转率计算进行修正.试验结果表明,该修正算法消除了滑转率计算误差,可防止汽车在高附着路面上转弯加速时驱动防滑控制系统的误干预.