长江上游宜宾—重庆河段航道整治新结构新材料应用*

山区河流具有滩多流急、水位暴起暴落、卵石推移质普遍存在的特点,对整治建筑物结构材料提出了更高要求。结合已实施的长江上游泸州—重庆河段、宜宾—泸州河段航道整治工程,对长江上游河流整治建筑物新结构新材料应用、施工工艺等进行总结,得出多项应用实例,在该河段航道治理中具有很好的适用性。这些治理经验的总结,可为其它山区河流航道建设提供借鉴。     

自航钢耙挖泥船设计与应用

针对上游窄、浅、险急流河段卵石淤积,不宜采用常规抓斗挖泥船进行维护疏浚的问题,设计研发了一种专用疏浚船舶。该船集抓斗、反铲、钢耙疏浚于一体,适应砂卵石航道维护。对该船的定位系统、疏浚设备和辅助疏浚系统进行了性能分析,最后利用实船的施工数据对该船的社会效益进行了评估。     

长江上游卵石输移运动规律研究及数值模拟*

基于长江上游东溪口卵石滩段的物理模型,开展了典型系列年卵石输移特征的试验。根据不同水动力条件下卵石输移的实测数据,从动力机理出发确定砾石输移速度。以此为基础,改进了二维数值模型,并将其应用于东溪口河段卵石输移过程模拟。将计算的卵石输沙分布及泥沙冲淤过程与实测值进行对比,卵石走沙轨迹与河道内走沙基本吻合,模拟泥沙冲淤变化与该河段实测分布一致。说明改进后的平面二维卵石推移质运动模型能较为真实地反映河道内卵石输移特性,可为解决长江上游卵石河段泥沙问题与航道整治工程提供理论与数据支撑。     

广阳坝河段4.5米水深航道整治工程动床物理模型试验研究

广阳坝河段为长江上游朝天门至涪陵河段45米水深航道整治工程的一部分,该河段卵石运动规律及滩险碍航特性复杂,为确定航道整治方案提供依据,开展了广阳坝河段物理模型试验,研究河道内卵石输运特性及航槽稳定性。     

湘江某河段航道整治的研究

本文通过对湘江某河段原型测量资料的整理和定、动床模型试验,对该河段河道基本特性、河床冲淤规律及沙质推移质运行特点进行了研究;提出了单一和分汉河段沙卵石浅滩的整治原则和工程措施,通过模型试验获得了最佳整治方案。     

山区河流汊流卵石滩整治

通过赤水河中游航道整治工程实例，提出汉流河段游移性卵石滩的整治看法。     

澜沧江望江楼段航道整治设计及整治效果数值模拟分析

针对澜沧江望江楼段航道左岸有浅滩凸入河心,枯水期航深、航宽不足,通航条件较恶劣的情况,先梳理了工程河段相关建设条件,根据工程河段规划等级对航道整治方案进行了详细设计,提出对弯刀滩(1#)和郝村滩(2#)进行炸礁清滩处理。然后借助Aquaveo.SMS软件对整治水位工况下,工程河段整治前后进行了数值模拟。模拟结果显示,整治后,工程河段1#炸礁区回流问题显著改善,2#炸礁区过水断面增大,有效航宽显著增加,河段流速下降,整个河段水流结构分布更为平顺,水流流向与航道中心线夹角均值下降到11.5°,流态有所改善,整个河段均满足四级航道通航尺度,满足设计要求。     

荆江重点浅滩现状整治的二维动床数学模型研究——模型的应用

本文选择荆江卵石夹沙河床及沙质河床的重点浅滩河段,在分析河床演变规律及浅滩成因的基础上应用文献（1）建立的二维动床数学模型,进行了不同组次来水来沙水文年的多个整治方案的数值试验,给出了荆江重点浅滩河段现状整治原则及整治工程的初步布置。     

二维水流数学模型在马家咀航道整治工程防洪评价中的应用

通过建立的基于有限体积法的平面二维非恒定流数学模型,对马家咀航道整治一期工程建设前后的河道水流运动进行模拟计算。结果表明:工程建设前后工程河段水位变化较小,工程附近河段水流流态及水流流速分布无明显变化。研究建立的二维水流数学模型可准确模拟工程河段水流运动,能在防洪影响评价中对工程前后河道水流、水位变化变提供较为可靠的依据,具有实用价值。     

长江中游航道整治技术研究

西部交通建设科技项目"长江中上游重点清淤工程关键技术研究"和"长江中游典型浅滩演变规律与整治措施研究"依托长江中游航道系统整治工程,通过河床演变分析、数学模型计算、实体模型试验、水槽试验及现场试验等多途径、多技术手段,对长江中游典型分汊浅滩河段-沙市河段、典型弯曲分汊浅滩河段-瓦口子至马家咀河段和典型长直过渡段浅滩河段-周公堤至天星洲河段的演变规律及三峡建库后的演变趋势进行了深入分析,并就航道整治对策与措施进行了大量探索.同时针对当前航道整治前期研究及设计工作中遇到的有关整治建筑物结构型式及施工工艺等关键技术进行了初步开发应用研究.通过研究,对长江中游典型分汊、弯曲分汊、长直过渡段浅滩的演变与治理措施、中细沙河流的实体模型模拟技术以及长河段一、二维嵌套水流泥沙数值模拟方法、整治建筑物新型结构型式与施工工艺等关键技术有所突破,弄清了长江中游典型浅滩的演变规律和演变机理,揭示了三峡建库后的演变趋势,明确了整治思路和方向.提出了新型护滩、促淤建筑物及迎流顶冲丁坝结构及施工工艺,解决了大水深、大流速条件下的护底、沉排技术,创新了分流鱼嘴的结构设计和施工工艺,确定了不同冲刷条件下的整治建筑物防护范围和防护措施,开发了高效率的航道整治建筑物CAD辅助设计系统.研究成果已应用于长江航道清淤应急工程以及长江中游沙市河段、瓦口子-马家咀河段和周公堤-天星洲河段航道整治工程的前期工作中,为前期工作开展提供了基础条件和技术支持,加快了工作进度,节省了前期工作量.有关整治建筑物结构及工艺的研究成果已应用于长江张家洲、碾子湾、东流水道航道整治工程中.对提高整治建筑物设计水平和可靠性、稳定性起到了显著作用.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。