某车型空气弹簧刚度特性及影响因素仿真分析

以某车型空气弹簧作为研究对象,介绍了膜式空气弹簧的刚度特性,基于有限元分析理论,建立空气弹簧有限元分析方法,其中,以Mooney模型模拟橡胶材料,Rebar模型模拟帘线层,分析影响空气弹簧刚度的主要因素。结果表明,空气弹簧容积增大引起刚度减小,初始压力增大引起刚度增大,胶囊帘线角度增大引起刚度增大,活塞形状体积增大引起刚度增大,其中,空气弹簧容积和初始压力对刚度影响较大。     

空气弹簧刚度特性模型及气体非理想化修正方法研究

基于范德瓦耳斯方程建立了3类空气弹簧的刚度特性模型,通过理论分析可知.以往的模型不能反映范德瓦耳斯常数,空气弹簧初始压力和温度等气体非理想化因素的影响,为此引入一个表征气体非理想化特性的无量纲因子H进行修正.仿真计算结果表明,在低温高压的情况下.基于理想气体状态方程的空气弹簧刚度特性模型存在较大误差:引入H可改善空气弹簧刚度特性模型的适用性     

基于ABAQUS的帘线参数对汽车空气弹簧垂向刚度影响的研究

运用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立膜式空气弹簧有限元模型,计算其垂向刚度特性,讨论帘线角、帘线层间距、帘线层数等安全气囊帘线参数对空气弹簧垂向刚度特性的影响.将0.3 MPa和0.5 MPa空气弹簧垂向刚度曲线与试验曲线进行了比较,结果表明,计算值与试验值比较吻合,证明该模型正确,仿真结果有效.     

帘线参数对膜式空气弹簧垂向特性的影响研究

简述膜式空气弹簧的结构,建立其有限元模型,获得其栽荷一垂向位移的关系曲线,研究帘线参数对其承载能力的影响。结果表明,帘线角和帘线层数是影响膜式空气弹簧垂向特性的重要因素。     

基于Payne效应的膜式空气弹簧非线性动刚度模型

本文中提出了一种考虑气囊橡胶Payne效应和热力学等效刚度阻尼滞回特性的膜式空气弹簧非线性动刚度模型,以解决空气弹簧动刚度非线性建模难题,并为气囊结构设计与材料选择提供理论依据。首先,通过示功试验对动刚度实部和虚部进行参数识别,表明在小振幅下,气囊橡胶Payne效应会引起动刚度的增大,并验证了不同振幅和频率激励下模型的正确性。接着,从振幅和频率两个维度给出了各解耦变量贡献度变化趋势的物理解释。结果显示,气囊橡胶的Payne效应使动刚度实部随振幅增大而减小,虚部随振幅增大呈现先增大后逐渐减小的趋势;气体刚度和由热交换产生的等效阻尼会使动刚度实部随频率升高逐渐增大,虚部随频率升高先增大后减小。最后给出了一个反映橡胶气囊动刚度贡献率的膜式空气弹簧新的评价指标,可直接表征空气弹簧低幅动态性能和结构设计与材料选择的优劣。试验表明,该值主要随振幅增加明显下降,橡胶气囊在低振幅时产生的刚度不可忽视。     

带附加气室的气缸型空气悬架的特性研究

空气弹簧主要以橡胶囊式或膜式为主~([1]),笔者注意到几乎没有对气缸空气弹簧的研究。论文设计了一种带附加气室的刚度可调节的气缸空气弹簧。以热力学和流体力学相关知识,建立气缸的输出力和阻尼力理论计算公式,基于Matlab/simulink建立气缸空气弹簧的数学模型,得出了气缸弹簧模型刚度非线性特性,并分析了不同附加气室容积下的固有频率,随着容积的不断变大,固有频率逐渐减小。分析了不同节流孔开度对阻尼作用的影响。建立了四分之一空气悬架模型,验证气缸作为空气弹簧的可行性。并与被动悬架作比较,仿真结果表明气缸可以作为空气弹簧且优于被动悬架。     

半主动悬架空气弹簧的动态特性研究

建立膜式空气弹簧的有限元模型,对其动态特性进行仿真和试验验证,仿真结果和试验结果吻合良好.研究表明,空气弹簧的输出频率是异频输出,且输出频率基本是激振频率的整倍数;随固有频率增加,空气弹簧变形加大.     

双腔室空气弹簧模型及动态特性研究

双腔室空气弹簧以其优良的隔振性能及刚度可变特性已经在部分高端车型和赛车上得到应用,但是对其动刚度预报的精确模型及动态特性的深入研究还不够完善。基于能量原理从热力学角度出发,结合空气动力学及结构动力学给出一套双腔室空气弹簧的精确模型并给出各刚度、阻尼项明确的物理意义。设计示功试验,选取不同振幅和频率的正弦激励对双/单腔空气弹簧进行试验验证。试验结果表明所提动刚度模型能够很好地反映出双腔室空气弹簧的滞回特性及刚度可变特性,也能够明确反映出动刚度的频率相关性。最后基于模型给出各参数项对动刚度幅值和滞回相位角的影响规律,基于试验验证仿真结果并给出规律的物理解释。研究结果表明：单腔室空气弹簧的动刚度频率特性相位角仅因热交换而存在一个峰值;双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角存在2个峰值,主要是由热交换(第1峰)与小孔产生的阻尼效应(第2峰)导致;当激励频率趋向于无穷时,由于热交换不充分及腔室之间气体来不及进行交换,故单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角逐渐趋向于零;研究得出的模型预报方法及动态特性可以对单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度进行准确估计,并给出了其动刚度的频率相关性及其影响因素与变化规律。研究结论能够对空气弹簧的整车动力学匹配及设计提供正面的指导。     

大客车空气弹簧动态特性的试验分析

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多。对客车用空气簧动态特性进行了试验分析。结果表明，空气弹簧在多种载荷工况下特性曲线具有相似性，说明一种空气弹簧适合于多种载荷的汽车；空气弹簧的动刚度主要取决于激励频率，在低频范围内幅值比较小，高频范围内幅值比较大。     

某重型卡车空气弹簧刚度特性研究

现阶段国内外的汽车企业都非常重视空气弹簧在车辆悬架系统中的运用与研究,由于空气弹簧独特的非线性刚度特性使得其在汽车悬架系统中能够起到很好的减振作用,提高车辆的平顺性能和舒适性能。高端重型卡车空气弹簧进行了刚度测试实验,然后运用ABAQUS软件对空气弹簧进行了有限元建模与刚度特性分析,将刚度测试实验结果与有限元分析结果进行比对验证了仿真结果的正确与可行性,同时确定了其他工作行程所需数据可以通过仿真数据进行模拟来实现,为后续的空气弹簧悬架子系统的动力学模型的建立提供了较为完整的数据资料。     

Development and analysis of an air spring model

The analytical model of an air spring can be effectively used for the design of air spring equipped vehicles to provide better ride and handling characteristics along with various functions for passenger convenience. However, establishing a general model of an air spring poses particular difficulties due to the severe nonlinearities in the stiffness and the hysteresis effects, which are hardly observed in conventional coil springs. The purpose of this study is to develop a general analytic model of an air spring — one which represents the main characteristics of stiffness and hysteresis and which can be connected to a model of pneumatic systems desigined to control air spring height. To this end, the mathematical model was established on the basis of thermodynamics with the assumptions that the thermodynamic parameters do not vary with the position inside the air spring, that the air has the ideal gas property, and that the kinetic and potential energies of the air are negligible. The analysis of the model has revealed that the stiffness is affected by the volume variation, the heat transfer, and the variation of the air mass and the effective area. However, the hysteresis is mainly affected by the heat transfer and the variation of the effective area. In particular, it was revealed that the increase of the volume due to the cross-sectional area increases the stiffness, while the increase of the volume due to the other reason decreases it. In addition, the model was used to develop the sufficient stability condition, and the stability of the model was analyzed. The paper also presents the comparison between the simulation and experimental results to validate the established model and demonstrates the potential of the model to be usefully employed for the development of the air spring and its algorithm for use in a pneumatic system.     

金属主簧-复合材料副簧复合刚度计算模型

为了揭示金属主簧-复合材料副簧的变形机理并快速预测其复合刚度,综合应用板弹簧设计理论、复合材料层合板理论及有限差分法建立了金属主簧-复合材料副簧复合刚度的理论计算模型,并编写了相应的MATLAB计算程序。采用ABAQUS软件建立了某金属主簧-复合材料副簧总成的有限元模型并对其刚度特性进行有限元模拟。有限元模拟刚度与理论计算刚度之间的误差低于3%,从而验证了理论计算模型的正确性。建立的理论计算模型不但阐明了金属主簧-复合材料副簧的变形机理,而且适宜编程计算,能准确快速地预测金属主簧-复合材料副簧的复合刚度,这对复合材料板簧的推广应用具有重要意义。     

Research on vertical stiffness of belted air springs

A new vertical stiffness formula, including a term incorporating the rate of change of the effective area of a belted air spring, is established. Quasi-static vertical stiffness values are calculated using the formula. And four different experimental methods are used to study static and quasi-static vertical stiffness of a belted air spring. Results calculated using the formula are consistent with the experimental data. When the reservoir is small or the load is heavy, we can precisely predict the static and quasi-static extents of vertical stiffness. Differences between theoretical and experimental results are also analysed. We study the influence of geometric parameters on vertical stiffness of a belted air spring. When a reservoir is added to decrease vertical stiffness, we show how to avoid negative stiffness.     

孟加拉卡纳普里河水下隧道大直径泥水盾构钢套筒始发关键技术研究

孟加拉卡纳普里河水下隧道工程具有近海域、大潮差、大坡度、大直径、穿越富水粉细砂地层等特点,盾构始发涌水、涌砂风险 极高。为有效减小盾构始发穿越富水砂层的突涌问题,采用大直径气垫式泥水加压平衡盾构设备,从加固松软地层、切断地下水来 源和减轻突涌后果3 方面入手,提出三重管旋喷桩加固技术、降水技术和大直径钢套筒始发技术。大直径钢套筒始发技术包括大 直径钢套筒及支撑体系设计与安装技术、大型钢套筒及反力架变形监测技术、钢套筒内始发泥水建仓技术。钢套筒密封代替常规 帘布橡胶洞门密封装置,变局部密封为整体密封,大幅度降低了盾构进入富水粉细砂层时洞门涌水、涌砂的风险,提高了盾构始发 的安全性。     

带附加空气室空气弹簧垂向刚度有限元分析

利用非线性有限元软件Abaqus建立带附加气室空气弹簧模型,通过理论计算和有限元分析,讨论节流孔径等对空气弹簧的垂直静刚度的影响。研究结果表明：增加附加气室有利于降低系统刚度;节流孔小于5 mm,附加气室基本不起作用,大于20 mm,再增大孔径,弹簧静刚度影响不大。     

Model development and experimental research on an air spring with auxiliary reservoir

This paper focuses on the dynamic stiffness and overall equivalent damping of an air spring connected to an orifice and an auxiliary reservoir, with respect to the displacement excitation frequency, orifice area, and auxiliary reservoir volume. A theoretical model of this air spring with its auxiliary reservoir is derived by utilizing the energy conservation equation, gas state equation, and orifice flow rate equation. Simulation results from the presented model reveal that, when the air spring is subject to harmonic displacement excitation, its dynamic stiffness increases with an increase in excitation frequency and decrease in orifice area. Smaller orifice areas and lower excitation frequencies result in higher overall equivalent damping. A validation experiment is also implemented. When compared with experimental results, simulations show consistent varying trends of the dynamic stiffness and overall equivalent damping. The model developed here can correctly describe the behavior of the air spring with auxiliary reservoir, indicating that it is reasonable and feasible.     

汽车悬架用空气弹簧的非线性有限元分析

讨论了空气弹簧的材料、几何、接触、载荷等非线性力学特征，提出了运用非线性有限元法对空气弹簧进行结构分析的思路，并对某型汽车空气弹簧进行了充气变形与刚度特性分析，刚度特性的有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

两极刚度少片钢板弹簧在重型汽车上的应用及设计

以某公司6×2牵引车后板簧的设计开发为平台,从主副簧刚度选择、少片簧截面的理论分析、匹配计算、模拟应力分析和台架试验等方面,阐述了主副结构少片钢板弹簧的设计过程。理论刚度值与台架试验误差值仅为1%,符合工程需要;钢板弹簧应力分布趋势与理论计算曲线相符,MATLAB模拟分析结果显示,主副簧根部应力较大,在理论要求范围之内;经过台架疲劳寿命试验和用户市场验证,主副结构的4＋3少片簧满足设计使用要求,采用主副簧结构的少片钢板弹簧,降低了整车重量和成本,可靠性高,经济效益明显。