船舶靠帮补给装置可达空间分析及运动学仿真

针对当前海上船舶间靠帮补给装置的不足，提出了一种混联式靠帮补给装置，使用串联式起重臂和并联式补偿装置的组合，可实现目标船甲板的覆盖以及对目标船的姿态补偿。根据设计的补偿装置结构参数，分析了装置的可达空间约束方程，利用工作空间极坐标搜索法结合Matlab软件得到了补偿装置的实际可达空间。使用三维设计软件进行补偿装置的建模，利用Adams软件的运动学分析模块对允许最大海况下满载的装置进行运动学分析，得到各驱动杆组的运动参数，有利于装置的进一步设计与完善。     

偏微分方程数值计算在虚拟现实中应用与研究

随着虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)相关硬件的发展以及软件技术的日趋成熟,VR技术正在进入人们的日常生活.然而不可否认,VR的核心问题之一——物理真实感依然没有很好的解决.其原因大多都是由于解算模型控制方程耗费了大量的时间,从而迫使人们采用牺牲精度的方法以满足实时性的要求.而许多的物理模型的解算都归结于偏微分方程求解,因此如何准确高效快速的求解偏微分方程(PDE)和PDE方程组对于提升虚拟现实系统的物理真实感有着至关重要的作用.本文从求解典型PDE出发,建立相应的PDE求解器,并对计算结果进行验证.最后将该思想应用于计算流体力学领域,通过对流体力学中的NS方程和水力学中的浅水波方程的求解,得到计算区域的速度场或高度场,并且对结果进行验证.结果表明,该方法具有较高的可信度.     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.     

Stochastic averaging for estimating a ship roll in random longitudinal or oblique waves

In this work, the C11 container ship is taken as an example to analyze its rolling performances in random longitudinal or oblique waves. Firstly, a dynamic model of C11 roll in random waves is improved, and it is verified by the model test and numerical simulation. Mathematically, this dynamic model is a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation with random parametric (and external) excitation. Secondly, an enhanced stochastic averaging method is proposed to solve this stochastic differential equation. The validity of the solutions was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. At last, the probabilistic characteristics of the extreme rolling response were investigated based on the calculated results using enhanced stochastic averaging method. According to the analysis, some advices for ship's manoeuvring can be put forward when ships are navigating in random waves.     

蒸汽弹射内弹道数学模型

本文建立了蒸汽弹射动力装置弹射内弹道数学模型,证明能量方程中进入工作室的总能量应是贮箱中水蒸汽的焓,针对该动力装置涉及变质气体做功和水蒸汽为实际气体等复杂问题,提出了编制程序利用计算机查水蒸汽表进行数值计算求解内弹道方程组。     

动态刚度阵法在船体总振动计算中的应用

采用动态刚度阵法计算船体总振动的固有频率.该方法不但能简化计算模型,而且能获得较高精度的高阶固有频率.首先通过直接求解等直Timoshenko梁单元的运动微分方程,导出考虑剪切变形和转动惯量影响的平面梁单元动态刚度阵的解析表达形式;其次采用Wittrick-Williams算法结合二分法求解特征值;最后采用本方法计算299 500DWT超大型油船船体总振动的固有频率,并分别与一维梁有限元法和三维全船有限元法计算结果以及实测值进行比较,验证了方法的精确性和有效性.     

Ship underwater noise assessment by the Acoustic Analogy part II: hydroacoustic analysis of a ship scaled model

In this paper the Acoustic Analogy is used to predict the underwater noise from a complete scaled ship model in a steady course. The numerical investigation is performed by coupling an incompressible RANS code, equipped with a level-set approach to account for the fundamental time evolution of the free surface, to a FWH-based hydroacoustic solver, here suitably designed to manage the huge set of data coming from a full-unsteady hydrodynamic simulation. The results reveal the overall limited contribution from the propeller thickness and loading noise components and the fundamental one from the nonlinear quadrupole sources. The comparison between the hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic solutions point out the noticeable scattering effects due to the hull surface, the possible influence of sound refractions at the free surface and, above all, the leading role played by the turbulent fluctuating component of the velocity field. Finally, by computing the pressure time histories at a prescribed set of virtual hydrophones and turning them into the frequency domain, the ship noise footprint in dB is traced out, thus showing how the Acoustic Analogy can be effectively used to analyze the ship hydroacoustic behavior, both in terms of amplitude and directivity.     

New method for ship finite element method preprocessing based on a 3D parametric technique

A new method for ship finite element method (FEM) preprocessing is presented as well as its program development. The method is applicable for all kinds of ships at different levels, such as a whole ship, cargo hold parts or detailed structures. The 3D parametric technique is used when creating ship structures, which improves the modeling efficiency greatly and makes the model easy to modify. A 3D geometric constraint solver is developed to solve the constraint system of the parametric model. A meshing procedure is presented to automatically convert the parametric structure model into a finite element model, by which high quality mesh is generated in the stress concentrated area. It also becomes possible to create finite element models for different levels from the same structure model. Using this method, the engineers avoid much of the complex and laborious work of FEM preprocessing, which consumes a very significant amount of time in finite element analysis, and can pay more attention to post-processing. This method has proved to be practical and highly efficient by several engineering trials. This work is sponsored by “Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”.     

利用AGM求解粘弹性地基刚性梁的非线性控制微分方程（英文）

In the present paper a vibrational differential equation governing on a rigid beam on viscoelastic foundation has been investigated. The nonlinear differential equation governing on this vibrating system is solved by a simple and innovative approach, which has been called Akbari-Ganji’s method(AGM). AGM is a very suitable computational process and is usable for solving various nonlinear differential equations. Moreover, using AGM which solving a set of algebraic equations, complicated nonlinear equations can easily be solved without any mathematical operations.Also, the damping ratio and energy lost per cycle for three cycles have been investigated. Furthermore, comparisons have been made between the obtained results by numerical method(Runk45) and AGM. Results showed the high accuracy of AGM. The results also showed that by increasing the amount of initial amplitude of vibration(A), the value of damping ratio will be increased, and the energy lost per cycle decreases by increasing the number of cycle. It is concluded that AGM is a reliable and precise approach for solving differential equations. On the other hand, it is better to say that AGM is able to solve linear and nonlinear differential equations directly in most of the situations. This means that the final solution can be obtained without any dimensionless procedure.Therefore, AGM can be considered as a significant progress in nonlinear sciences.     

不完备目标信息系统中的可变精度粗糙集模型

文中以同时具有缺席型和遗漏型未知属性值的不完备目标信息系统为研究对象,根据特征关系,研究可变精度粗糙集的模型及其性质．可变精度粗糙集模型与原始的粗糙集模型不同,它是建立在集合多数包含的基础上的,因而该模型是基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型的推广形式,而基于特征关系的经典粗糙集模型则是可变精度粗糙集模型的一种特殊表现形式．文中对新模型的主要性质作了阐述和证明,结果表明：在不完备目标信息系统中,新模型与原始的粗糙集模型相比具有更高的近似精度,可进行更为精确的度量．     

固体浮力材料在船闸闸门上的应用

介绍了一种新的方案,将浮力材料安装在闸门底部主梁区隔内,抵消闸门的部分自重。对浮力材料的分类、行业应用、材料特性进行介绍。对浮力材料与钢浮箱进行比较,证明浮力材料在船闸钢闸门上应用的可行性,可以在新建大型闸门、老旧船闸改造中推广应用。     

基于扭转弹性波理论的船舶柴油机推进轴系扭振研究

本文建立了连续轴模型中沿轴向传播的扭振弹性波的波动方程组,结合方程组的初始条件和边界条件及波动方程解的行波表达式,导出了各轴段扭转弹性波传播的解析表达式,利用数值迭代方法可求解;利用弹性波分析理论对船舶柴油机推进轴系的连续模型进行了扭振响应计算的研究,在激励力上可同时计及各谐次的综合作用,可精确计算共振及非共振工况的强迫振动响应,使计算过程与扭振实测分析过程完全对应.研究中,对某船舶柴油机推进轴系的扭转振动振形和轴系扭振响应进行了计算,获得了较好的效果.     

船后螺旋桨空泡数值预报及试验对比

文章研究了湍流模型对螺旋桨空泡计算结果的影响,结果表明常用的湍流模型均可较好地预报螺旋桨空泡形态。采用RANS求解器,结合SST k-ω湍流模型和Sauer空化模型,数值模拟了船后螺旋桨空泡。用对称面边界条件处理自由表面,滑移网格技术处理螺旋桨旋转,时间步长为1°。螺旋桨空泡模拟结果与大型循环水槽试验结果进行了对比,虽然由于计算网格稀疏的原因没能捕捉到螺旋桨梢涡空泡,但螺旋桨空泡随空间角度的动态行为与试验观察结果吻合较好。     

The use of simulated drifters to estimate vorticity

A primitive equation ocean model is used to generate trajectories of simulated clusters of drifters in the California Current (CC) region. These trajectories allow us to evaluate a least squares (LS) method of estimating vorticity and vertical velocity along a cluster's path. Two clusters provide examples of successful and less successful estimates of vorticity and vertical velocity. Our analysis quantifies the dependence of estimate quality on several parameters that can be used as error predictors in the LS estimate of vorticity: cluster separation, number of drifters in a cluster, and cluster shape. A combination of cluster separation and ellipticity shows the most promise as an indicator of quality for the vorticity estimate.     

Simplified analytical method for evaluating web girder crushing during ship collision and grounding

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the crushing resistance of web girders subjected to local static or dynamic in-plane loads. A new theoretical model, inspired by existing simplified approaches, is developed to describe the progressive plastic deformation behaviour of web girders. It is of considerable practical importance to estimate the extent of structural deformation within ship web girders during collision and grounding accidents. In this paper, new formulae to evaluate this crushing force are proposed on the basis of a new folding deformation mode. The folding deformation of web girders is divided into two parts, plastic deformation and elastic buckling zones, which are not taken into account for in the existing models. Thus, the proposed formulae can well express the crushing deformation behaviour of the first and subsequent folds. They are validated with experimental results of web girder found in literature and actual numerical simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The elastic buckling zone, which absorbs almost zero energy, is captured and confirmed by the numerical results. In addition, the analytical method derives expressions to estimate the average strain rate of the web girders during the impact process and evaluates the material strain rate sensitivity with the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model. These adopted formulae, validated with an existing drop weight impact test, can well capture the dynamic effect of web girders.     

两种响应型船舶运动模型的对比及适用性分析

船舶运动模型作为自动舵性能检测平台的基础与核心，对于自动舵的研发、调试及船舶运动控制算法的设计都有非常重要的意义。现有的航迹航向自动舵检测平台普遍使用简化的一阶线性KT方程。由于忽略船舶回转运动中的纵向速度变化以及首摇角与横向速度之间的耦合，在实际使用中具有一定的局限性。本文引用国际电工委员会制定的航迹自动舵标准（ IEC62065）中提出的船舶运动模型，并对其进行仿真，将仿真结果与一阶线性KT方程的仿真结果进行对比分析，讨论一阶线性KT方程的适用范围。同时介绍改进的一阶非线性KT方程的形式并进行仿真试验，结果表明其与 IEC62065中非线性模型相似度较好，且减少了计算量。     

Research on integrated naval ship design model and its intelligent algorithm

Pointing at naval ship projects creation and evaluation at stage of naval ship concept design,in the mechanism of integrated design based on naval ship synthesis model,ship projects creation and intelligent fuzzy evaluation method is researched,thus the applicability of each algorithm is obtained.Firstly,the naval ship synthesis model is introduced to design process,value and application status of synthesis model in integrated design is then exposed.Then the applicability of single target and multi targets SA algorithm is improved,and the quick generation of naval ship projects is done.After that,multiple projects evaluation method based on Vague fuzzy set is introduced to established the intelligent evaluation model,which can integrate effectively the quantitative and qualitative indexes.At last,the analysis of results comparison shows the advancement and rationality of each method.The example shows the integrated design process researched in this paper can be a great orientation of naval ship project design,and can also be used in other parts of naval ship development.     

螺旋桨片状空泡的CFD分析

基于RANS求解器采用非结构化网格对螺旋桨敞水性能和空泡性能进行了数值模拟,主要研究了不可压缩性气体质量分数对螺旋桨片空泡预报结果的影响,空泡模型采用基于输运方程的完整空化模型,预报的敞水性能与试验值吻合较好,预报的空泡形态与文献结果及公开发表的试验结果相一致。这表明,用该方法预报螺旋桨空化性能是可行的,为以后进一步研究螺旋桨空泡打下了基础。     

Research on integrated naval ship design model and its intelligent algorithm

Pointing at naval ship projects creation and evaluation at stage of naval ship concept design,in the mechanism of integrated design based on naval ship synthesis model, ship projects creation and intelligent fuzzy evaluation method is researched, thus the applicability of each algorithm is obtained. Firstly,the naval ship synthesis model is introduced to design process, value and application status of synthesis model in integrated design is then exposed. Then the applicability of single target and multi targets SA algorithm is improved, and the quick generation of naval ship projects is done. After that, multiple projects evaluation method based on Vague fuzzy set is introduced to established the intelligent evaluation model, which can integrate effectively the quantitative and qualitative indexes. At last, the analysis of results comparison shows the advancement and rationality of each method. The example shows the integrated design process researched in this paper can be a great orientation of naval ship project design, and can also be used in other parts of naval ship development.     

基于免疫遗传算法的核动力船舶设备故障诊断

针对传统遗传算法收敛速度慢且容易未成熟收敛引起的核动力船舶设备故障诊断响应延迟、误诊、漏诊问题,提出一种基于信息熵的免疫遗传算法用于核动力船舶设备的故障诊断:利用已知船舶设备故障征兆集合,选用概率因果模型,引入信息熵免疫遗传算法,求解具有最大后验概率的故障集合.某船用核动力蒸汽发生器与液压泵故障仿真结果表明,基于信息熵免疫遗传算法优化的概率因果模型不受故障样本的限制,具有较好的通用性,且模型故障诊断精度较高、寻优速度快.本方法同样适用于其他领域的故障诊断问题.