欧洲NCAP实施的效果

欧洲NCAP是为提高汽车碰撞安全性而设置的评价体系．向消费者提供车辆安全性能信息，并促进汽车生产厂商在汽车安全性方面加大投入。本文介绍了欧洲NCAP评价体系星级评价与现实车与车碰撞安全性的相关性。一般说来，     

解读5星——欧洲NCAP4款5星级车成绩分析

汽车的安全技术是在不断地发展和进步的,就欧洲市场而言,在欧洲NCAP测试中首次取得4星评价的车型出现在1997年,而5星级车直到2001年才出现。随着厂商对汽车安全的重视,汽车安全技术得到了飞速的发展,2003年欧洲NCAP测试的车型已经有90%能够获得4星以上的成绩,虽然这与当年测试车型的选择有一定关系,但是汽车安全技术的整体进步得到了证明。从2004年开始,在欧洲NCAP测试中取得5星级评价已经非常平常了,反倒是2星、3星车的出现会引起大众的关注。     

NCAP新撞--菲亚特Punto

2005年9月5日,欧洲NCAP公布了最新的汽车安全碰撞试验结果,测试车型为菲亚特Punto,这款意大利小车取得了非常不错的测试成绩。特别是在最为重要的成人乘客安全性方面,达到了5星级的最高评价。欧洲NCAP分类微型车NCAP新撞——菲亚特Punto@Zhanking     

为中国汽车出口提供NCAP检测平台——访国家机动车产品质量监督检验中心(上海)冯鸣树主任

NCAP(New Car Assessment Program)是新车被动安全(碰撞)和主动安全(制动、操纵稳定性)的等级评价。NCAP将汽车的综合安全性能以星级方式表达,为消费者提供车型的安全性能信息。目前,欧洲、美国、日本等汽车工业发达国家除了汽车安全技术法规外,还制定了各自的NCAP体系。NCAP虽然不是强制性的市场准入认证,但是对汽车市场具有巨大的影响。目前,我国尚没有自己的NCAP评价体系,各汽车企业主要依据国家强制性标准来执行。2005年的陆风“碰撞门事件”给中国汽车业的出口敲了个警钟。随着中国汽车工业的进一步发展,以及自主品牌出口步伐的加快,推广并执行NCAP迫在眉睫。日前,在由国家认证认可监督管理委员会主办的“国际汽车产品安全性能评价技术(NCAP)研讨会”上,国家机动车产品质量监督检验中心(上海)(以下简称“检验中心”)与全德汽车俱乐部(ADAC)就NCAP签署了技术合作协议。会后,本刊记者采访了该中心的冯鸣树主任。     

Euro-NCAP对汽车被动安全性能设计的影响

汽车安全性能星级评价(NCAP)标准是建立在汽车法规基础上,是对汽车安全性能要求的延伸和进行科学的评判,在欧洲、美国、日本等都建立了政府层面进行管理的NCAP组织和标准。文章是以Euro-NCAP为基础,进行汽车安全标准法规对汽车设计的影响进行分析探讨。     

美、欧NCAP碰撞试验方法和评价方法的比较

2003年第8期《Autocar轿车情报》刊登了韩国现代汽车公司所属起亚汽车公司的SedonaMPV车在欧洲NCAP碰撞试验乘员保护中仅得二星,而在美国NCAP碰撞试验乘员保护中得五星,因此责怪欧洲NCAP规则的改变。 为什么在美国NCAP碰撞试验结果和欧洲NCAP碰撞试验结果有这么大的差异,这主要是美、欧NCAP碰撞试验要求和星级评价体系有很大的差别,本文将就此介绍     

新王者加冕 东风悦达起亚K5安全性深入解析

和欧洲NCAP及美国NCAP不同的是,C-NCAP在5星级评价之上增加了一个5＋星级评价。而荣获5＋星级评价对测试车型来说意味着最高荣耀,其难度之大也是难以想象的。C-NCAP实施5年来,能够获得5星级评价的车型有数十款,而获得5＋星级评价的车型却凤毛麟角。     

EURO NCAP公布最新测试结果

2012年5N23日．Euro NCAP公布了最新一批车型的碰撞测试结果，本批测试车型包括新BMW3A、现代i30、标致208及马自达CX-5．这些车型全部获得了5星级评价。Euro NCAP表示，以上4款车型的测试结果表明各大汽车公司在汽车安全方面提高很快，尤其在行人碰撞测试难度提高的情况下．仍达到了5星级评价的高要求。     

七宗"最"2007年欧洲NCAP测试结果

截至2007年11月28日，欧洲NCAP公布了26款车型的测试结果，其中5星级车12款，4星级车13款，2星级车1款。与C-NCAP的测试成绩相比，其平均成绩要高很多，这一方面说明欧洲市场上新车的安全水平普遍较高，另一方面也表明了无论是消费者还是汽车厂家，对汽车安全的关注度均较高。     

加减之间——详解NCAP中的加分项与减分项

NCAP的目的之一是促进汽车安全技术的提高，降低交通事故伤亡，因此在C—NCAP和欧洲NCAP中都有加分项和减分项这两个项目。其目的是引导汽车生产厂家采用那些对降低道路伤害具有重要意义的安全配置，杜绝重大的汽车安全隐患，它们是NCAP体系本身的重要组成部分，而不是为了提高成绩供厂家取巧的项目。下面就为大家详细介绍C—NCAP及欧洲NCAP的加分项及减分项。     

Euro-NCAP更新对乘用车安全评价的影响

为使我国乘用车满足2013版Euro-NCAP要求,分析了2013年实施的新版Euro-NCAP评价规则,并总结了更新点,同时介绍了2014-2017年Euro-NCAP的更新规划内容及其关注点.基于评价规则的更新内容,采用对比分析的方法,将已进行过2012版E-NCAP试验的车辆作为研究对象,通过DYNA及MADYMO软件仿真分析,获得了该车在2013版E-NCAP评价规则中的表现,基于该车的评价结果,探讨新版评价规则对未来汽车安全开发的星级评价影响,为新车安全性能开发提供参考.     

公路路堑边坡施工安全总体风险评估方法优化研究

针对公路路堑边坡的风险评估问题，分析《高速公路路堑高边坡工程施工安全风险评估指南（试行）》存在的不足，对边坡施工风险总体评估方法进行优化研究。提出修正指标体系法和专家调查法，新增了对边坡风险等级有影响的信心指数分级、不良地质条件、施工方案等因素。经实体工程验证，优化方法更适用于高速公路路堑高边坡工程施工总体风险评估工作。     

Proposal for Testing and Rating of Traction and Stability Control Systems

Function and object of existing control systems for traction and stability are described. The problem of rating and objective evaluation of the influence of such slip control systems on vehicle dynamics is demonstrated. Closed-loop manoeuvres with subjective assessment and open-loop tests with measured data are shown. Analysis of correlation results in characteristic values which allow assessment of dynamic performance of slip control systems. Tests on natural and synthetic μ-low road surface with two passenger cars, equipped with different slip control systems, demonstrate the objective test method and show their results.     

复合地基质量检测方法及质量评定标准研究

针对复合地基质量检测的特殊性,开展复合地基质量检测技术研究,提出适宜的复合地基质量评定方法与标准。结果表明：复合地基检测需考虑成桩时间的影响,可采用静载试验、钻探取芯、动力触探、标准贯入、十字板剪切、反射波、瑞利波法等检测复合地基的强度、承载力以及成桩质量等;复合地基质量评定可采取综合评分方法,通过对不同检测内容按等级评分确定。     

基于遗传算法和可靠性分析的乘员约束系统优化

为提高乘员假人在CNCAP正面碰撞中的得分,在对某车的仿真模型进行试验验证基础上用遗传算法优化约束系统相关参数,优化目标是使假人头部、颈部和胸部的伤害值最小。然后根据可靠性的要求合理选择了参数的取值范围。     

Optimum SUV bumper system design considering pedestrian performance

Until recently, passenger cars have primarily interested in pedestrian protection performance. Nowadays, however, it is important for a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) to meet the bumper system standards for pedestrian safety. For a SUV bumper system, there are some difficulties in attaining a high level of pedestrian performance for the lower legform. An SUV has a high bumper position from the ground level, and the bumper approach angle must also be secured, which has an effect on car insurance fees. Due to these reasons, it is difficult to meet the pedestrian performance of the lower legform for an SUV. In this paper, a comparative study was performed on various SUV bumper systems, and a concept model for a SUV bumper system was developed, which is expected to meet the pedestrian performance by using the Pugh method. The design control factors were defined to affect the bumper pedestrian performance through the experiences of tests and analyses. For the noise factor to affect the pedestrian performance, the deviation of the impactor position was selected at the moment of impact. The design control factors were optimized by using the Taguchi optimization technique. For the Taguchi method, an L18 orthogonal array table of design control factors was used in the optimization process. Particularly, for the optimization of the bumper corner region, an optimization analysis was performed three times to meet pedestrian performance. Based on the results of the Taguchi optimization method, the sensitivity of the bumper design parameters was studied, and a new SUV bumper system is proposed that satisfies the pedestrian performance of the lower legform. The optimized bumper system should obtain a full Euro-NCAP score of 6 points for the bumper test. The pedestrian performance of the optimized bumper system is validated by using a CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) analysis, which has been proven to be in accurate. A comparison between the test and analysis results is shown for the validation of accuracy. By using the optimized bumper system, the tests and development costs of a bumper can be reduced.     

Findings from subjective evaluations and driver ratings of vehicle dynamics: steering and handling

This paper investigates subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle handling and steering feel tests, both numerical and verbal, to understand drivers’ use of judgement scales, rating tendencies and spread. Two different test methods are compared: a short multi-vehicle first-impression test with predefined-driving vs the standard extensive single-vehicle free-driving tests, both offering very similar results but with the former saving substantial testing time. Rating repeatability is evaluated by means of a blind test. Key SA questions are identified by numerical subjective assessment autocorrelations and by generating word clouds from the most used terms in verbal assessments, with both methods leading to similar key parameters. The results exposed in this paper enable better understanding of SA, allowing improving the overall subjective testing and evaluation process, and improving the data collection and analysis process needed before identifying correlations between SA and objective metrics.     

Comparison on rating methods for female dummy in NCAP frontal impact test

From MY2010 US-NCAP, the 5th percentile female Hybrid III dummy has been used for the safety evaluation of the right front passenger position in the frontal impact test. In Korea, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT) decided to evaluate the safety of the 5th percentile female dummy in the frontal impact test from 2013 KNCAP. In this paper, using the frontal NCAP data for the 5 vehicles available from the NHTSA test database, the safety of the 5th percentile female dummy were examined. Using the evaluation and rating method by the KNCAP, 5 vehicles received 5 stars. Using the evaluation and rating method by the US-NCAP, only one vehicle received 5 stars and the remaining 4 vehicles received 4 stars. In the US-NCAP, the N_ij was the most influential factor for the star rating. In the KNCAP, the evaluation and rating method for the 5th percentile female Hybrid III dummy is less stringent than the method of the US-NCAP. The evaluation and rating method is proposed to increase the stringency of the star rating for the female dummy in the KNCAP.     

设置传力杆的水泥混凝土路面板角脱空状况评定标准探讨

采用路面雷达、贝克曼梁、落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)等设备对缩缝带传力杆的水泥混凝土路面板角脱空状况进行检测,并通过钻芯取样对各种检测脱空方法的准确率予以比较。在路面结构有限元分析的基础上,建议缩缝带传力杆的水泥混凝土路面板角脱空的弯沉检测标准为大于18(0.01mm)。结果表明:以弯沉值大于18(0.01mm)作为脱空标准后,弯沉测定法的脱空检测准确率达到了94.7%,比原标准提高了21.0%。     

IIHS正面小重叠率碰撞评价方法研究

由于正面小重叠率碰撞交通事故的频发,美国高速公路安全保险协会（IIHS）于2012年发布了一项新的测试工况——正面25％重叠率碰撞试验,以此来进一步提高车辆的正面碰撞保护性能。分析正面小重叠率碰撞研究的目的和意义,研究总结了IIHS正面25％小重叠率碰撞评价的测试以及评价方法。选取IIHS小重叠率试验结果进行比较研究,利用正面全宽的测力墙数据分析了小重叠率区域内构件的吸能特点,解析了小重叠率碰撞试验中约束系统的作用以及假人伤害,初步探讨了应对IIHS小重叠率正面碰撞的应对措施。