浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究（英文）

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

水介质弹性共振腔的中低频吸声特性研究（英文）

文章以降低声呐罩自噪声为背景,将声呐罩简化为矩形声腔,建立了弹性共振腔阵列及声学覆盖层与矩形声腔的声振耦合模型;计算分析了弹性共振腔构型参数对声腔中低频声场控制效果的影响,进而提出能够有效扩展中低频吸声效果的格栅式弹性共振腔;通过试验验证了弹性共振腔的吸声效果,并计算分析了弹性共振腔阵列和声学覆盖层组合作用的宽频带吸声效果;在100～2 000 Hz的中低频段内矩形声腔取得了3～10 dB的吸声效果。     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究（英文）

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

静水中并行两船水动力干扰数值研究（英文）

为比较分析单船与两船并行航行的水动力差异,探讨静水中两船并行时漂角、船船相对位置对船体阻力、侧向力及摇首力矩的影响规律,文章基于RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型,数值分析了某两船静水并行时船船相互作用。研究表明:不同漂角下两船中对中并行时,船体所受阻力均较单船航行时有所增大且受到指向两船中间的附加侧向力;当两船并行斜航的漂角相反时,同一船舶位于迎流侧较背流侧时船体受力存在一定差异;两船并行直航时,船船相对位置对船体受力有较大的影响,当两船纵向间距小于一倍船长时,船船相互作用较为显著,在不同横向间距下,船体受力随纵向间距的变化规律相同,在一定纵向间距下,船间横向间距越小船船相互作用越强。     

基于面光滑有限元法的三维声传播问题研究

为解决标准有限元方法过刚的特性,采用一种基于面的光滑有限元法(FS-FEM)来求解三维声学问题,在FS-FEM模型当中,应用四节点的四面体单元来离散三维声场域,通过与四面体单元面相关的光滑域并运用伽辽金弱形式来建立线性离散系统的控制方程,在面光滑域上进行的梯度光滑操作能够软化原来过刚的FEM模型,因此能够减少数值离散误差。数值仿真结果表明:运用相同的网格密度,FS-FEM能够得到比FEM更加精确的计算结果。     

掩埋目标声散射特征提取（英文）

Elastic acoustic scattering is important for buried target detection and identification. For elastic spherical objects, studies have shown that a series of narrowband energetic arrivals follow the first specular one. However, in practice, the elastic echo is rather weak because of the acoustic absorption, propagation loss, and reverberation, which makes it difficult to extract elastic scattering features, especially for buried targets. To remove the interference and enhance the elastic scattering, the de-chirping method was adopted here to address the target scattering echo when a linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal is transmitted. The parameters of the incident signal were known. With the de-chirping operation, a target echo was transformed into a cluster of narrowband signals, and the elastic components could be extracted with a band-pass filter and then recovered by remodulation.The simulation results indicate the feasibility of the elastic scattering extraction and recovery. The experimental result demonstrates that the interference was removed and the elastic scattering was visibly enhanced after de-chirping, which facilitates the subsequent resonance feature extraction for target classification and recognition.     

浸水矩形板的声辐射阻尼研究（英文）

对空气中简支边界矩形板在点简谐力激励下的振速响应公式从附加质量和声辐射阻尼的角度进行修正,得到了浸水矩形板的振速响应公式。从浸水矩形板振速公式出发,结合声辐射阻尼的定义,从能量的角度推导了矩形板声辐射阻尼的表达式,给出了其与模态辐射效率之间的关系,文中推论与已发表有关文献相比较一致性良好。研究表明:辐射阻尼随着波数比的变化而变化;在中高频段,单面临水矩形板的辐射阻尼远高于其在空气中时的辐射阻尼;板越厚,其声辐射阻尼越小。     

水下目标几何声散射的形态学研究（英文）

In this paper, a new method based on morphologic research named reconstruction cross-component removal(RCCR) is developed to analyze geometrical scattering waves of an underwater target. Combining the origin of the cross-component in Wigner-Ville distribution, the highlight model of target echoes and time-frequency features of linear frequency-modulated signal can remove cross-components produced by multiple component signals in Wigner-Ville distribution and recover the auto-components of output signals. This method is used in experimental data processing, which can strengthen the real geometric highlights, and restrain the cross components. It is demonstrated that this method is helpful to analyze the geometrical scattering waves, providing an effective solution to underwater target detection and recognition.     

海底地声参数对浅海低频声传播的影响

用分层介质中点声源激发声场的积分表示法得到海水中声源外任意一点的声场表达式,用波数积分的数值计算方法得到声场传播在距离上的传播损失,针对不同的海底沉积物参数进行了声场的仿真计算和分析,得出浅海低频声传播的基本规律和特点。     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

船舶机械低频线谱振动传递的主动控制（英文）

针对船舶机械振动的低频线谱主动控制,文章采用输出力大、频响平直、无接触式的磁悬浮作动器,分析了永磁偏置式作动器的电-磁-力耦合特性,推导了磁悬浮主被动隔振系统运动方程和系统稳定性影响因素;研制了满足船舶应用要求、具有冲击摇摆适应能力的磁悬浮-气囊主被动混合隔振器。采用收敛快速的窄带多通道Fx-Newton算法,并针对线谱频率波动时的控制鲁棒性,提出了窄带滤波相位差的自适应补偿环节。在船用200 k W柴发机组上进行了主被动混合隔振实验,未开启线谱控制时,可获得32.8 d B的宽频隔振效果;控制开启后,可进一步有效衰减传递到基座的多根线谱振动,并且在柴发机组的转速波动工况下依然能实现快速收敛、稳定和高效控制。该主被动混合隔振系统可满足船舶机械低频线谱控制的工程实用要求。     

船船水动力相互作用的CFD分析研究（英文）

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

静水中高速双体船气动、水动力学效应的数值和实验研究（英文）

In this paper, the effect of water and air fluids on the behavior of a planing catamaran in calm water was studied separately in calm water by using experimental and numerical methods. Experiments were conducted in a towing tank over the Froude number range of 0.49–2.9 with two degrees of freedom. The model vessel displacement of 5.3 kg was implemented in experimental tests. Craft behavior was evaluated at the displacements of 5.3, 4.6, and 4 kg by using the numerical method. The numerical simul...     

圆盘水面弹跳过程运动特性数值研究（英文）

本文基于CFD方法对圆盘撞水弹跳过程的运动特性进行了研究,对三种典型撞水运动状态进行了模拟,数值结果与文献中的试验结果吻合良好。基于计算结果,获得了圆盘可以成功弹跳的初始参数组合范围。圆盘弹跳过程中,前方会产生一股射流,其脱离圆盘的射出速度可以达到入水速度的两倍左右。随着圆盘自旋速度的增加,圆盘受到的流体动力逐渐增加,但速度衰减也随之逐渐增加。相对较小的初始倾角和入水角总是有利于圆盘撞水后的弹跳,但过小的初始倾角可能会不利于连续多次弹跳过程。对圆盘连续弹跳过程的数值模拟结果表明,圆盘运动路线并非一直向前,而是受自旋影响运动方向有一定程度的偏转,圆盘第一次撞水弹跳的高度和距离远大于后面几次的弹跳过程。     

考虑层流—湍流转捩的近水面AUV水动力流的数值研究（英文）

Nowadays, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs) are frequently used for exploring the oceans. The hydrodynamics of AUVs moving in the vicinity of the water surface are significantly different at higher depths. In this paper, the hydrodynamic coefficients of an AUV in non-dimensional depths of 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4D are obtained for movement close to the free-surface. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations(RANS) are discretized using the finite volume approach and the water-surface effects modeled using the Volume of Fraction(VOF) method. As the operating speeds of AUVs are usually low, the boundary layer over them is not fully laminar or fully turbulent, so the effect of boundary layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow was considered in the simulations. Two different turbulence/transition models were used: 1) a full-turbulence model, the k-ε model, and 2) a turbulence/transition model, Menter's Transition-SST model. The results show that the Menter's Transition-SST model has a better consistency with experimental results. In addition, the wave-making effects of these bodies are studied at different immersion depths in the sea-surface vicinity or at finite depths. It is observed that the relevant pitch moments and lift coefficients are non-zero for these axi-symmetric bodies when they move close to the sea-surface. This is not expected for greater depths.     

声激励位置对简单导管声辐射特性的影响（英文）

文章借助NASTRAN软件,研究了单极子和偶极子声激励位置对简单刚性导管声辐射特性的影响。结果表明:(1)声源的径向位置对导管声辐射影响大,而轴向位置影响小,声源越靠近导管壁,辐射声功率峰值越大;(2)对于单极子而言,声源偏离径向中心位置时,声场的对称性取决于声源的频率值;(3)偶极子声源的方向对于导管声辐射特性的影响很大,必须加以考虑。     

船舶机械低频声-固耦合数值模型中激励施加方式分析

声固耦合数值模型在预报低频机械噪声时克服了传统流固声数值模型分步计算的不足。常用的声-振分析软件如Virtual.Lab的直接声振耦合统一求解算法不能直接施加设备的加速度激励,常采用大质量法将设备机脚的加速度激励转化为力激励。论文基于结构有限元/声学自动匹配层(FEM/AML)声固耦合方法,提出将激励直接施加到设备质心处的简化大质量法。机械噪声预报结果与传统大质量法、流固声方法结果进行对比,验证简化方法的有效性。基于声固耦合数值模型预报船舶机械噪声时,可采用简化的大质量法将加速度激励转化为力激励,并作为输入直接施加到设备质心处。     

双液舱自由衰减运动的数值研究（英文）

当载液货船在海上航行时,风、浪、流等环境载荷的作用会引起部分装载液舱产生液体晃荡现象。液舱晃荡不仅会对船舶安全带来一定的潜在风险,而且还会对海洋生态环境造成严重的威胁。本文针对不同装载率的双液舱自由衰减运动进行研究,通过分析双液舱在衰减运动过程中,液舱角速度变化情况和液舱壁面的抨击压力以及自由液面的波高变化,探究双液舱自由衰减运动的机理和规律,可为载液货船的设计和制造提供一定的依据。     

船舶横摇阻尼的CFD数值模拟研究（英文）

船舶横摇阻尼是影响参数横摇和瘫船稳性等大幅横摇运动的关键参数。文中基于非定常RANS方程在静水中对模型2792进行了自由横摇衰减的数值模拟,该模型是船舶第二代完整稳性衡准制定中瘫船稳性研究的国际标准船模,数值模拟中采用了两种网格类型,一种是滑移网格,另一种重叠网格。计算结果表明,数值模拟的自由横摇衰减曲线和模型试验结果吻合良好,另外CFD计算的横摇阻尼与试验值的误差小于Ikeda’s经验公式计算的误差,证明非定常RANS方程可用于预报横摇阻尼。     

加载船模振动特性的数值与实验研究（英文）

In this paper, the vibration characteristics of the structure in the finite fluid domain are analyzed using a coupled finite element method. The added mass matrix is calculated with finite element method(FEM) by 8-node acoustic fluid elements. The vibration characteristics of the structure in the finite fluid domain are calculated combining structure FEM mass matrix. By writing relevant programs, the numerical analysis on vibration characteristics of a submerged cantilever rectangular plate in finite fluid domain and loaded ship model is performed. A modal identification experiment for the loaded ship model in air and in water is conducted and the experiment results verify the reliability of the numerical analysis. The numerical method can be used for further research on vibration characteristics and acoustic radiation problems of the structure in the finite fluid domain.