集束塔式立管总体强度分析(英文)

Bundled hybrid offset riser (BHOR) global strength analysis, which is more complex than single line offset riser global strength analysis, was carried out in this paper. At first, the equivalent theory is used to deal with BHOR, and then its global strength in manifold cases was analyzed, along with the use of a three-dimensional nonlinear time domain finite element program. So the max bending stress, max circumferential stress, and max axial stress in the BHOR bundle main section (BMS) were obtained, and the values of these three stresses in each riser were obtained through the "stress distribution method". Finally, the Max Von Mises stress in each riser was given and a check was made whether or not they met the demand. This paper provides a reference for strength analysis of the bundled hybrid offset riser and some other bundled pipelines.     

柔性立管整体分析(英文)

The mechanical performance of a flexible riser is more outstanding than other risers in violent environmental conditions. Based on the lumped mass method, a steep wave flexible riser configuration attached to a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) has been applied to a global analysis in order to acquire the static and dynamic behavior of the flexible riser. The riser was divided into a series of straight massless line segments with a node at each end. Only the axial and torsional properties of the line were modeled, while the mass, weight, and buoyancy were all lumped to the nodes. Four different buoyancy module lengths have been made to demonstrate the importance of mode selection, so as to confirm the optimum buoyancy module length. The results in the sensitivity study show that the flexible riser is not very sensitive to the ocean current, and the buoyancy module can reduce the Von Mises stress and improve the mechanical performance of the flexible riser. Shorter buoyancy module length can reduce the riser effective tension in a specific range of the buoyancy module length when other parameters are constant, but it can also increase the maximum curvature of the riser. As a result, all kinds of the riser performances should be taken into account in order to select the most appropriate buoyancy module length.     

耦合非线性三维海洋立管的边界控制(英文)

This paper presents a design of boundary controllers implemented at the top end for global stabilization of a marine riser in a three dimensional space under environmental loadings. Based on the energy approach, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion, including bending-bending and longitudinal-bending couplings for the risers are derived. The couplings cause mutual effects between the three independent directions in the riser’s motions, and make it difficult to minimize its vibrations. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to design the boundary controller. It is shown that the proposed boundary controllers can effectively reduce the riser’s vibration. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.     

A new rational-based optimal design strategy of ship structure based on multi-level analysis and super-element modeling method

A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.     

基于塑性模型的钢悬链立管疲劳分析（英文）

The most critical issue in the steel catenary riser design is to evaluate the fatigue damage in the touchdown zone accurately. Appropriate modeling of the riser-soil resistance in the touchdown zone can lead to significant cost reduction by optimizing design. This paper presents a plasticity model that can be applied to numerically simulate riser-soil interaction and evaluate dynamic responses and the fatigue damage of a steel catenary riser in the touchdown zone. Utilizing the model, numerous riser-soil elements are attached to the steel catenary riser finite elements, in which each simulates local foundation restraint along the riser touchdown zone. The riser-soil interaction plasticity model accounts for the behavior within an allowable combined loading surface. The model will be represented in this paper, allowing simple numerical implementation. More importantly, it can be incorporated within the structural analysis of a steel catenary riser with the finite element method. The applicability of the model is interpreted theoretically and the results are shown through application to an offshore 8.625″ steel catenary riser example. The fatigue analysis results of the liner elastic riser-soil model are also shown. According to the comparison results of the two models, the fatigue life analysis results of the plasticity framework are reasonable and the horizontal effects of the riser-soil interaction can be included.     

Finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for a non-tubular joint of an offshore jacket platform

This paper proposes the finite element simplified fatigue analysis method for fatigue evaluation of the composite non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket subjected to wave loads. The skirt pile sleeve of the offshore jacket, which had been in service, was taken as an example of the non-tubular joint structure. SACS software was used for global analysis of multi-directional wave loads for the jacket platform, and ALGOR software was used to build a finite element model, perform finite element analysis, post-process stress results for acquiring the stress range, and perform fatigue evaluation. The analysis results indicate that the extreme stress range is within the allowable stress range and meets the requirements of DNV code. That means the simplified fatigue analysis method is effective and can be used in fatigue design for the non-tubular joint structure of an offshore jacket.     

Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles

Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank,increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible.A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank.Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states.The design and testing procedure for the valves is described.Finally,the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.     

Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles

Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy. In this paper, the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described. The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system. A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank, increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible. A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank. Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states. The design and testing procedure for the valves is described. Finally, the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

海上自升式平台动力分析方法研究(英文)

A jack-up platform,with its particular structure,showed obvious dynamic characteristics under complex environmental loads in extreme conditions.In this paper,taking a simplified 3-D finite element dynamic model in extreme storm conditions as research object,a transient dynamic analysis method was proposed,which was under both regular and irregular wave loads.The steps of dynamic analysis under extreme conditions were illustrated with an applied case,and the dynamic amplification factor(DAF) was calculated for each response parameter of base shear,overturning moment and hull sway.Finally,the structural response results of dynamic and static were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that the static strength analysis of the Jack-up Platforms was not enough under the dynamic loads including wave and current,further dynamic response analysis considering both computational efficiency and accuracy was necessary.     

深水塔式立管顶部浮力筒设计分析方法

研究深水塔式立管顶部浮力筒初步设计分析的基本流程与方法,涉及的技术难点包括顶部浮力筒设计中阻力最小化与浮力最大化的优化、浮力筒舱室的数量与尺寸的确定、单/多个浮力筒舱室破坏时浮力的裕量等。总结顶部浮力筒设计参数对设计性能影响的基本规律,并给出顶部浮力筒分析校核的主要工况载荷。以西非海域深水油气田为例,对深水塔式立管顶部浮力筒进行设计分析。范例表明提出的设计分析方法行之有效。     

深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤影响因素分析

根据我国南海、墨西哥湾和西非海域的流速沿深度方向的分布规律,利用涡激振动预报程序计算了立管在不同参数下的动力响应.在此基础上计算了立管沿长度方向涡激振动引起的疲劳损伤.分别讨论了立管顶部预张力、管内流体密度、管外流速分布、立管外径、立管壁厚等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示立管顶部预张力、管外流速分布、立管外径对疲劳损伤的影响非常明显,而管内流体密度和立管壁厚因其变化范围有限,对疲劳损伤的影响没有上述三个参数显著.     

深水管中管钢悬链线立管的非线性动力分析

立管技术是深水资源开发的关键技术之一。管中管钢悬链线立管具有同心的外管与内管，其外管提供机械保护，内管提供油气通道，内、外管之间按照一定的距离安装扶正器以保护绝热材料，在深水油气开发中具有较大的应用价值。充分考虑在位立管承受的复杂载荷条件泡括动边界、波浪与海流载荷、立管自重、海水浮力、管内外静压力），以及整体和局部非线性因素（包括摩擦、滑移、接触、间隙等），采用时域有限元软件ABAQUS实现管中管钢悬链线立管的建模与非线性动力分析。     

深水缓波型刚性立管的设计方法

缓波型刚性悬链线立管由于其良好的力学性能和较低的成本,适用于深水油气田开发。本文详述了缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计准则和设计流程,给出了分布式浮块的设计方法和等效原则,推导了等效水动力参数的计算公式。通过静力分析,得到了不同浮块的布置位置和浮力系数对立管形态、顶端张力、弯矩分布的影响;通过动力分析,得到了沿管等效应力响应的分布规律,为缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计提供了有益的参考。     

浮箱下水方案与安装工艺研究

根据制造厂当地水文资料及潮位预报,某型船难以在同系列其他船相近状态下进行下水作业,由此研究增加浮箱的下水方案,并进行浮箱结构强度计算和安装工艺研究,为船舶下水工艺提供了一个新的方案。     

基于顶部张紧式立管动力分析的关键参数研究

文中提出了一种适用于工作于南中国海张力腿平台(TLP)的顶张紧式立管(TTR),并利用有限元软件ABAQUS/AQUA对该立管进行了模拟分析,计算用以预测立管波浪飞溅区和立管下部区域在波浪以及平台联合作用下的影响。计算时采取时域计算方法,计算过程中考虑了几何非线性的影响。并在计算完成TTR在位动力分析的基础之上,做了一定量的参数敏感性分析,重点考察立管侧向位移,弯矩以及等效应力水平对TTR一些重要参数的敏感性。结果表明,计算顶张力TTR动力分析时,必须考虑平台侧向位移跟轴向位移的耦合作用,立管响应受其顶部TLP平台以及张力比TTF的影响较大。随着立管顶部张力比TTF的增加,立管的变形逐渐变小,但顶部张力的增加同时增加了立管内部的等效应力,立管设计时应充分考虑到这两者之间的"平衡"关系。     

舰船防护水舱在接近爆炸载荷作用下响应的理论研究

防护水舱作为抵御反舰武器爆炸破片和冲击波效应的有效手段之一,在舰船防护结构中经常被采用.爆炸冲击波是一种瞬态的作用,水舱在这种瞬态冲击载荷作用下的响应涉及内、外板以及舱内水的相互作用,其响应机理十分复杂.迄今为止人们还没有对其进行比较完整和严格的理论分析.文章通过适当的假设,对防护水舱内外舱壁在接近爆炸载荷作用下的响应机理进行了理论分析,推导出了水舱内、外板的响应计算公式,并做了算例研究.文中的研究对防护水舱这种特殊结构抵御爆炸冲击波的机理有了进一步的理论解释,并对其设计提出了可供参考的依据和原则.     

顶部张紧式立管强度设计分析

顶部张紧式立管(TTR)是油气开发必不可少的立管类型。研究了南海1500m水深半潜式干树深水平台TTR的概念设计,提出新的管中管结构的等效方法。通过分析立管结构的受力控制方程,得到立管受力分析的主要影响参数,按照轴向刚度、抗弯刚度、立管湿重和液体湿重等效原则,实现立管力学性质的等效。使用Orca Flex软件非线性时域分析立管遭受的四种典型工况,分别获得张力和弯矩,依据管中管结构外管和内管的刚度在等效模型中占的比例进行分配,根据API规范确定管中管结构外管和内管的应力,得到TTR四种工况下的强度分析结果,认为在半潜平台下,TTR强度满足设计要求。     

南海自由站立式立管设计与分析

自由站立式立管可作为南海油气开发的立管形式。根据设计参数建立自由站立式立管系统模型,根据南海某油田环境参数校核立管各工况下的强度结果并进行疲劳分析,探讨自由站立式立管动态强度与疲劳特性并验证是否满足规范要求。分析结果表明：该立管设计满足规范中的强度与疲劳要求,且疲劳性能较好;立管等效应力最大处为立管主体顶部应力节下端;最危险浪流方向为沿立管向平台方向;立管主体应力水平受平台运动影响较小,受顶部张紧力以及海流大小影响较大;疲劳损伤最大处位于立管主体顶部,且涡激疲劳损伤大于浪致疲劳损伤。     

塔式立管涡激疲劳损伤敏感参数研究

针对西非海域的塔式立管,考虑沿水深变化的不同流速截面,分析塔式立管在不同参数下的涡激振动响应及疲劳损伤沿管分布,讨论立管顶部张力、管内流体密度、立管外径、立管壁厚和SHEAR7能量阈值等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示,由于制造和安装误差等因素导致这些参数的改变,对结构的涡激振动疲劳损伤影响显著,应该在工程设计中引起注意.